5G for Reliable Industrial Wireless Networks

1. 5G for Reliable Industrial Wireless Networks
Prof. Javier Gozalvez
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Spain
j.gozalvez@umh.es
Brussels, 29/05/2018 PR1 Review Meeting

2. AUTOWARE Partners
Project Leader

3. Challenge: Towards the autonomous factory
Digital Automation (Smart, Adaptive, Mobile, Connected
& Human Centric)

4. Digital Shopfloor Business Drivers

5. AUTOWARE pillars
1. App-ized smart control hardware
2. Cloudified digital automation architecture
3. Added value data-intensive cognitive industrial services
4. Resilient & reliable industrial (wireless) control communication

6. Industry 4.0Industry 3.0
Evolution of Automation Pyramid

7. Industrial Wireless Ecosystem

8. AUTOWARE Connectivity Architecture
Heterogeneous technologies: including wired and wireless
• Adapt to the varying requirements
• Support mobile devices and factory reconfiguration
Orchestrator
Local
Manager
Local
Manager
Local Manager Local ManagerQoS A
QoS B
QoS C

9. Industrial Wireless Ecosystem

10. AUTOWARE experimentation facilities
Industrial experimentation facilities
Neutral experimentation facilities

11. Mobile industrial wireless comms: AUTOWARE pilot
Collaborative assembly cell
Transport Warehouse
Shopfloor
Tekniker Neutral Experimentation Infrastructure

12. Bidirectional communication between dual-arm and mobile robot
• Need for reliable communications
– Permanent connection
– No loss of data
– Low latency
Dual-arm robot Controller Mobile robot
Server
Mobile industrial wireless comms: AUTOWARE pilot
Movement commands and
queries current position
Current status and
position information

13. IEEE 802.11
AP1
AP2
Dual-arm robot Controller
Mobile robot
Server
Mobile industrial wireless comms: AUTOWARE pilot
Bidirectional communication between dual-arm and mobile robot
• Redundancy for reliable and low latency industrial wireless comms
Brussels, 29/05/2018 PR1 Review Meeting
UMH node 1
UMH node 2

14. Mobile industrial wireless comms: AUTOWARE pilot
Experimentation scenario
Brussels, 29/05/2018 PR1 Review Meeting
AP1
AP2
Good quality
from AP1
Bad quality from AP1.
Good quality from AP2.
AP1
AP2

15. Mobile industrial wireless comms: AUTOWARE pilot

16. Industry 4.0 Communication Requirements
Use Case Application Latency Availability
# of
devices
Traffic type
Motion control Machine tool <0.5 ms 1-10−6 to 1-10−8 ~20
Deterministic
periodic
Control-to-control Machines coordination <4 ms (cyclic) 1-10−6 to 1-10−8
5–10
Mobile control panels
with safety Periodic monitoring 4–8 ms (cyclic) 1-10−6 to 1-10−8 <5
Mobile robots
Cooperative control 1 ms
>1-10−6 <100
Standard mobile robot 40–500 ms
Augmented reality
Process monitoring
Step-by-step instructions
Remote support
<10 ms >1-10−3 3
Massive wireless
sensor networks
Event-based condition
monitoring
50 ms 1-10-3 1-20
Deterministic
aperiodic
Safety panels Emergency stops <4 ms 1-10−6 to 1-10−8
Asset management
Automation
Failure alarm <50 ms 1-10-4
Process automation
Assets software updates 99,99%
Non-deterministic
Process monitoring - 99,99%

17. 5G Drivers
Total cellular traffic in exabytes (Ericsson Mobility Report 2018)

18. 5G Drivers
Revenue forecast (CAGR 2016–2026,
USD billion). Source: Ericsson and
ArthurD. Little. 2017.
Connected devices (billion). 2015-2023. Source: Ericsson Mobility Report. Nov 2017.

19. 5G Drivers
5G-enabled industry digitalization revenues for ICT players, 2026. Source: Ericsson and Arthur D. Little
5G in Manufacturing
1. Important economic impact
2. Small investment
3. Controlled environment

20. 5G Paradigm Shifts
M.2083-02
Gigabytes in a second
Smart home/building
Voice
Smart city
3D video, UHD screens
Work and play in the cloud
Augmented reality
Industry automation
Mission critical application
Self driving car
Massive machine type
communications
Ultra-reliable and low latency
communications
Enhanced mobile broadband
Future IMT
Source: Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0. IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of the future
development of IMT for 2020 and beyond

21. 5G Paradigm Shifts
M.2083-02
Gigabytes in a second
Smart home/building
Voice
Smart city
3D video, UHD screens
Work and play in the cloud
Augmented reality
Industry automation
Mission critical application
Self driving car
Massive machine type
communications
Ultra-reliable and low latency
communications
Enhanced mobile broadband
Future IMT
Source: Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0. IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of the future development of
IMT for 2020 and beyond

22. 5G Paradigm Shifts
M.2083-04
User experienced
data rate
Spectrum
efficiency
Mobility
LatencyConnection density
Network
energy efficiency
Area traffic
capacity
Enhanced mobile
broadband
Peak
data rate
Massive machine
type communications
Ultra-reliable
and low latency
communications
Low
Medium
High importance
Source: Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0. IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of the future development of
IMT for 2020 and beyond

23. 5G Paradigm Shifts
Before 5G: dedicated hardware for specific network functions

24. 5G Paradigm Shifts
MSC VLR
EIR HLR
NMS
AuC
5G: network softwarization (network function virtualization)

25. 5G Paradigm Shifts
Local Area Network
eMBB Slice
HPC
Cloud
uRLLC Slice
MEC
Cache
Physical Network
Wide Area Network

26. 5G Paradigm Shifts
4G 5G
• 5G New Radio: flexible usage of radio resources
‐ Scalable Transmission Time Interval (TTI)
TTI = 1 ms TTI = 100µs
URLL
TTI = 1 ms

27. 5G RAN Slicing
LM
Physical network
Computing
Storage
Radio Resources
Computing
Storage
Radio Resources
Slice 1
LM
LM
Computing
Storage
Radio Resources
Slice 2
LM
Computing
Storage
Radio Resources
Slice 3
f
t
f
t
Network Slicing+ Flexible resources = RAN Slicing

28. 5G in Manufacturing: Challenges & AUTOWARE
• 5G has the technology enablers to support Industry 4.0
• Challenge: support all three traffic classes efficiently
• Non-deterministic, deterministic periodic and deterministic aperiodic
• Radio access networks (RAN): major contributor to the total end-to-end
delay
• AUTOWARE 5G contributions for manufacturing
• Solutions to support deterministic aperiodic traffic at the RAN
• RAN Slicing
• RAN Scheduling

29. 5G RAN Slicing
PREPARATION
QoS1
QoS2
QoS3
KPIs vs. QoS
MONITORING
RECONFIGURATION
DECOMMISSIONING
PARTITIONINGCREATION
S1
S2
S3
Non-deterministic, deterministic aperiodic, deterministic periodic

30. 5G RAN Slicing
PREPARATION
QoS1
QoS2
QoS3
KPIs vs. QoS
MONITORING
RECONFIGURATION
DECOMMISSIONING
PARTITIONINGCREATION
S1
S2
S3
f
t
Non-deterministic

31. 5G RAN Slicing
PREPARATION
QoS1
QoS2
QoS3
KPIs vs. QoS
MONITORING
RECONFIGURATION
DECOMMISSIONING
PARTITIONINGCREATION
S1
S2
S3
Deterministic
periodic
f
tMaximum delay
Period Period

32. 5G RAN Slicing
PREPARATION
QoS1
QoS2
QoS3
KPIs vs. QoS
MONITORING
RECONFIGURATION
DECOMMISSIONING
PARTITIONINGCREATION
S1
S2
S3
Deterministic
aperiodic
f
t
Maximum delay
Maximum delay

33. 5G RAN Slicing
PREPARATION
QoS1
QoS2
QoS3
KPIs vs. QoS
MONITORING
RECONFIGURATION
DECOMMISSIONING
PARTITIONINGCREATION
S1
S2
S3
...
...
...
Data
PREDICTIVE QoS

34. 5G Scheduling
4G: enhancements necessary for latency-critical communications
• Radio access: major contributor to the total end-to-end delay
• Scheduling of uplink transmissions: grant-based scheduling
• Scheduling Reguest+Grant: before transmission of each packet
• Suitable for non-deterministic traffic
Average delay of 9.5ms
Device
eNB
Data in
Processing
Alignment
Scheduling
Request
Response time
Grant
Response time
Data
transmission
Processing
Data out

35. 5G Scheduling
5G New Radio: Grant-free scheduling for low latency services
• Reserved a subset of resources
• Data can be transmitted as soon as available
• Valid for all traffic types: non-deterministic, deterministic periodic,
deterministic aperiodic
Device
eNB
GF resources
configuration
…
Data in Processing
+
Alignment
Data
transmission
Processing
Data out
f
t
f
t
Reserved resource

36. 5G Scheduling
5G New Radio: Grant-free scheduling for low latency services
• Reservation activated/deactivated by users
• Data is delayed for 1st transmission
• Valid for: non-deterministic, deterministic periodic
Device
eNB
GF resources
configuration
…
Data in
Data
transmission
Data out
f
t
f
t
Activation
Reserved resource

37. 5G Scheduling
5G New Radio: Grant-free scheduling for low latency services
• Resources can be reserved and dedicated to specific devices
– Inefficient use of resources when traffic arrival is aperiodic or uncertain
Device
eNB
GF resources
configuration
…
Data in
Data
transmission
Data out
f
t
Activation
Reserved resource

38. 5G Scheduling
5G New Radio: Grant-free scheduling for low latency services
• Resources can be shared by a group of devices
– Efficient use of resources
– Valid for all traffic types: non-deterministic, deterministic periodic, deterministic
aperiodic
– Risk of collisions
Device 1
eNB
GF resources
configuration
…
Data in
Data
transmission
Data out
f
t
f
t
Device 2
Data
transmission
Data out
Data in
Reserved resource
Device 1 transmission
Device 2 transmission

39. 5G Scheduling
5G New Radio: Grant-free scheduling with K-repetitions
• Transmission of K consecutive replicas
• Each user selects randomly the resource to use in frequency
+ Increases the probability of delivery (increases reliability)
– Requires a high number of reserved resources
f
t
Reserved resource
Device 1 transmission
Device 2 transmission

40. 5G Scheduling
AUTOWARE: Sensing-based grant-free scheduling with announcements
• Users transmit announcements and sense the channel previous to data transmission
+ Collisions-free
Reserved resource
Group 1
Group 2
f
t
+24% of supported users (with latency=2.5 ms & Prel=1-10-9) using 67% reserved resources
Data resource
Announcement slot

41. 5G in Manufacturing
Audi and Ericsson: 5G field
tests at “Audi Production Lab”
5G Nokia Conscious Factory
Private 4G and 5G in
experimental ARENA2036
automotive factory

42. 5G in Manufacturing: Case for Private Networks
Private 5G factory networks vs. traditional mobile networks
• Network performance & operation
• Most factory communications is local
• Do not depend on availability and performance of public networks
• Full knowledge, monitoring and control over network performance
• Simplified network management
• Easier reconfiguration capability
• Isolation from public networks: liability and legal aspects
• Privacy and security: can keep full control
• Reduced costs
• Dedicated access to spectrum

43. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
j.gozalvez@umh.es