1. Music and
Arts of India

2. Music of India
• Includes multiple varieties of folk, popular,
pop, classical music and R&B. India's classical
music tradition, including Carnatic and
Hindustani music, has a history spanning
millennia and developed over several eras. It
remains fundamental to the lives of Indians
today as sources of spiritual inspiration,
cultural expression and pure entertainment.

3. Classical Music
• Hindustani Music
> an Indian classical music tradition that goes
back to Vedic times around 1000 BC. It further
developed circa the 13th and 14th centuries AD
with Persian influences and from existing
religious and folk music.

4. • Hindustani music was not only influenced by
ancient Hindu musical traditions, historical Vedic
philosophy and native Indian sounds but also
enriched by the Persian performance practices of
the Mughals. During the Medivel age especially in
Mughals era various Gharana became famous
due to excellence and class in type of musics like
raga. Tansen is one of the navratna of Mughals
Admiral Akbar. Classical genres are dhrupad,
dhamar, khyal, tarana y sadra.

5. Carnatic music
• The present form of Carnatic music is based
on historical developments that can be traced
to the 15th - 16th centuries AD and thereafter.
However, the form itself is reputed to have
been one of the gifts bestowed on man by the
gods of Hindu mythology. It is one of the
oldest musical forms that continue to survive
today.

6. • Carnatic music is melodic, with improvised
variations. It consists of a composition with
improvised embellishments added to the piece in
the forms of Raga Alapana, Kalpanaswaram,
Neraval, and, in the case of more advanced
students, Ragam Tanam Pallavi. The main
emphasis is on the vocals as most compositions
are written to be sung, and even when played on
instruments, they are meant to be performed in a
singing style (known as gāyaki). There are about
7.2 million ragas (or scales) in Carnatic Music,
with only 300 or so still in common use today.

7. • Purandara Dasa is considered the father of
carnatic music. Sri Tyagaraja, Sri Shyama
Shastry and Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar are
considered the trinity of carnatic music and
with them came the golden age in carnatic
music in the 18th-19th century

8. Folk Music
• Bihu of Assam
• Bihu is the festival of New Year of Assam
falling on mid April. This is a festival of nature
and mother earth where the first day is for the
cows and buffalos. Second day is for the man.
Bihu dancesand songs accompanied by
traditional drums and wind instruments are
essential part of this festival.

9. Bhangra
• [Bhangra] are a lively form of music and dance that
originated in the Punjab region to celebrate Vaisakhi,
the festival of the Sikhs.Knowledge of Punjabi history
offers important insights into the meaning of the
music. While Bhangra began as a part of harvest
festival celebrations, it eventually became a part of
such diverse occasions as weddings and New Year
celebrations. Moreover, during the last thirty years,
Bhangra has enjoyed a surge in popularity worldwide,
both in traditional form and as a fusion with genres
such as hip-hop, house, and reggae, and in such forms
it has become a pop sensation in the United Kingdom
and North America.

10. • Ganasangeet is have been written in India.
Examples: Apni Azadi Ko Hum Hargis Mita
Sakte Nahin, ajadee hoyni tor, Kadam kadam
badhaye jaa, Vande Mataram, etc.generally
sung in chorus carrying some social message.
The songs are usually about Freedom,
community strength, patriotism. Due to the
British occupation in India, a lot of protest
songs about anti-imperialism/pro-socialism

11. Uttarakhandi Music
• Uttarakhandi folk music had its root in the lap of
nature. The pure and blessed music have the feel and
the touch of nature and subjects related to nature. The
folk music primarily is related to the various festivals,
religious traditions, folk stories and simple life of the
people of Uttarakhand. Thus the songs of Uttarakhand
are a true reflection of the Cultural Heritage and the
way people live their lives in the Himalayas. Musical
instruments used in Uttarakhand music include the
dhol, damoun, turri, ransingha, dholki, daur, thali,
bhankora and masakbhaja. Tabla and harmonium are
also used, but to a lesser extent. The main languages
are Kumaoni and Garhwali

12. • Thus the songs of Uttarakhand are a true
reflection of the Cultural Heritage and the way
people live their lives in the Himalayas.
Musical instruments used in Uttarakhand
music include the dhol, damoun, turri,
ransingha, dholki, daur, thali, bhankora and
masakbhaja. Tabla and harmonium are also
used, but to a lesser extent. The main
languages are Kumaoni and Garhwali

13. Lavani
• Lavani comes from the word Lavanya which means
beauty. This is one of the most popular forms of dance
and music that is practiced all over Maharashtra. It has
in fact become a necessary part of the Maharashtrian
folk dance performances. Traditionally, the songs are
sung by female artistes, but male artistes may
occasionally sing Lavanis. The dance format associated
with Lavani is known as Tamasha. Lavani is a
combination of traditional song and dance, which
particularly performed to the enchanting beats of
'Dholak', a drum-like instrument.

14. • Dance performed by attractive women
wearing nine-yard saris. They are sung in a
quick tempo. The verve, the enthusiasm, the
rhythm and above all the very beat of India
finds an expressive declaration amidst the folk
music of India, which has somewhat,
redefined the term "bliss". Lavani originated in
the arid region of Maharashtra and Madhya
Pradesh.

15. Rajasthan
• Rajasthan has a very diverse cultural collection
of musician castes, including Langas, Sapera,
Bhopa, Jogi and Manganiyar (lit. the ones who
ask/beg). Rajasthan Diary quotes it as a
soulful, full-throated music with Harmonious
diversity. The haunting melody of Rajasthan
evokes from a variety of delightfully primitive
looking instruments.

16. • The stringed variety include the Sarangi,
Rawanhattha, Kamayacha, Morsing and
Ektara. Percussion instruments come in all
shapes and sizes from the huge Nagaras and
Dhols to the tiny Damrus. The Daf and Chang
are a big favourite of Holi (the festival of
colours) revellers. Flutes and bagpipers come
in local flavours such as Shehnai, Poongi,
Algoza, Tarpi, Been and Bankia.

17. • The essence of Rajasthani music is derived
from the creative symphony of string
instruments, percussion instruments and wind
instruments accompanied by melodious
renditions of folk singers. It enjoys a
respectable presence in Bollywood music as
well.

18. • The vast scope of the art of India intertwines
with the cultural history, religions and
philosophies which place art production and
patronage in social and cultural contexts.

19. • Indian art can be classified into specific
periods each reflecting particular religious,
political and cultural developments.
• Ancient period (3500 BCE-1200 CE)
• Islamic ascendancy (1192-1757)
• Colonial period (1757–1947)
• Independence and the postcolonial period
(Post-1947)

20. • One of the first to start jewellery-making were
the peoples of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Early jewellery making in China started around
the same period, but it became widespread
with the spread of Buddhism around 2,000
years ago.

21. Temple and Sculpture-art

22. • the period between the
decline of the Harappans
and the definite historic
period starting with the
Mauryas. Soon after the
Buddhists initiated the
rock-cut caves, Hindus and
Jains started to imitate
them at Badami, Aihole,

24. •The Chola period is
also remarkable
for its sculptures
and bronzes.
Among the existing
specimens in the
various museums

25. Indian fresco
• The tradition and
methods of Indian cliff
painting gradually
evolved throughout
many thousands of years
- there are multiple
locations found with

26. • Despite climatic conditions
that tend to work against
the survival of older
paintings, in total there
are known more than 20
locations in India with
paintings and traces of
former paintings of
ancient and early medieval

27. Miniature painting
• Mughal painting in miniatures on
paper developed very quickly
in the late 16th century from
the combined influence of the
existing miniature tradition and
artists trained in the Persian
miniature tradition imported
by the Mughal Emperor's court.

28. • New ingredients in the style
were much greater realism,
especially in portraits, and an
interest in animals, plants and
other aspects of the physical
world. Miniatures either
illustrated books or were
single works for muraqqas or
albums of painting and Islamic
calligraphy

29. • . The style gradually spread in the
next two centuries to influence
painting on paper in both Muslim
and Hindu princely courts,
developing into a number of
regional styles often called "sub-
Mughal", including Kangra painting
and Rajput painting, and finally
Company painting, a hybrid
watercolour style influenced by
European art and largely
patronized by the people of the

30. Folk and tribal art
• Folk art in India takes on different
manifestations through varied medium
such as pottery, painting,
metalwork,dhokra art, paper-art,
weaving and designing of objects
such as jewelry and and tribal toys.
• Often puranic gods and legends are
transformed into contemporary forms
and familiar images. Fairs,
festivals, and local deities play a
vital role in these arts.

31. • It is in art where life and
creativity are inseparable. The
tribal arts have a unique
sensitivity, as the tribal people
possess an intense awareness very
different from the settled and
urbanized people. Their minds are
supple and intense with myth,
legends, snippets from epic,
multitudinous gods born out of
dream and fantasy. Their art is
an expression of their life and
holds their passion and mystery.

32. • Folk art also includes the
visual expressions of the
wandering nomads. This is the
art of people who are exposed
to changing landscapes as they
travel over the valleys and
highlands of India. They carry
with them the experiences and
memories of different spaces
and their art consists of the
transient and dynamic pattern
of life. The rural, tribal and
arts of the nomads constitute
the matrix of folk expression.

34. Indian Art
• Indian Art is the visual art
produced on the Indian
subcontinent from about the
3rd millennium BC to modern
times. To viewers schooled in
the Western tradition, Indian
art may seem overly ornate
and sensuous; appreciation of
its refinement comes only

35. • Voluptuous feeling is given
unusually free expression in
Indian culture. A strong
sense of design is also
characteristic of Indian art
and can be observed in its
modern as well as in its
traditional forms.