1. ARUN GC
Food Security Situation
in
Nepal
College of Agriculture and Life Science
Kyungpook National University
Daegu, South Korea
2. Content
Arun GC
2
Background information of Nepal
Agriculture in Nepal
Food Security: Definition, Dimension
and Measurement in Nepal
Current Food Security Situation of
Nepal
Acute Vs Chronic Food Security
Outline of Presentation
6. World Heritages in Nepal
Cultural (2)
Kathmandu Valley (1979)
Lumbini, the Birthplace of the
Lord Buddha (1997)
Natural (2)
Chitwan National Park (1984)
Sagarmatha National Park
(1979)
(source:http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/np)
World Cultural Heritages in Nepal
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7. Background Information:
Landlocked country sandwiched between
China and India.
Country of Mt. Everest which contains eight
of world's 10 highest peaks and birth place
of Lord Buddha.
Total Area: 148,181 Sq. Km; Population: 28
Million with GR of 1.34 %
Agriculture in GDP: 1/3 and population
engagement: 2/3
Background Information
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8. Background Information:…. Nepal has Three ecological belts:
Himalaya: 51,817
Hill: 61,345 and
Terai: 34,019 Sq KM
Total cultivated land: 3,091,000 ha
Nepal become member of WTO in 2004.
Major trade occurs between Nepal and India
Background Information
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19. Arun GC 19
Food Security:
Definition, Dimension
and Measurement in
Nepal
20. Among around 2 million living beings in this
universe, human is only one such advanced
creature who use money and die of hunger.
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21. Few years ago; in NepalUntil few years back, Food security meant
Food availability through own production
So MoAD started to calculate Food Balance
Sheet (FBS)
First Component was the Availability
Production Estimate of 5/6 major Cereal
Crops
Paddy
Maize
Wheat
Millet
Barley
Buckwheat;
Food Security..
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22. Definition
“A situation that exists when all people, at all
times, have physical, social and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food
that meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life.”
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food availability, economic and physical
access to food, food utilization and stability
over time
24. ICMR Recommendations
Food requirement per person per day(ICMR 1985)
Food group Requirement in gm*
Cereals 400-650
Pulses 55-80
Green vegetables 100-125
Roots and tubers 75-100
Other vegetables 75-100
Fruits 30
Milk 100-200
Meat or fish 30
Egg 30
Sugar 30-55
Fats and oil 35-50
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25. •On 25 April (M 7.8) and 12 May (M 7.3)2015,
•9,000 people lost life, 22,500 injured
•losses are estimated at US$7 billion
•while 700,000 people have been pushed into poverty
as a result of the disaster, especially in remote areas
near the quake epicenters.
Recent Earthquake in
Nepal
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29. Food Security Phase Classification Reference Table
Five Phases IPC
phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 4 phase 5
Generally
Food secure
Generally
food
insecure
Highly
food
insecure
(starting
affecting
livelihood
assets)
severly food
insecure
(acute food
and
livelihood
crisis)
Humanitarian
emergency or
catastrophe
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30. Indicators for Acute food security analysis
1. Crop
production/situation
2. HHs food stocks
3. Stock of staples in
market
4. wage employment
opportunities within
district or neighboring
VDC
5. Sale of NTFP, cash
crops, other agr.
Products, livestock
6. Market price of rice
7. Natural disasters
8.Out-migration
9. Coping
10. Acute child
malnutrition status
11. Disease
12. Civil security
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31. Current Institutional
Framework
District Food Security Network
(DAO, DADO, DDC,DHO, DLSO, WCO, NGOs,
CCI, FECOFUN)
Monitorin
g of
Crop
Market
and
Price
Livestoc
k
MoAD
Key
surveys
NLSS
Labour
force
Census
CBS
NFC
Stocks
Subsidiz
ed rice
provisio
n
MoCS
DHM
Weathe
r
reports
Mo
Env. HMIS
Growth
monitorin
g
Disease
Epidemics
NDHS
MoHP
Monitorin
g of
Economic
s and
financial
indicators
NRB
National Planning Commission
Nepal Food Security and Nutrition Coordination Committee
NepalFoodSecurity
MonitoringUnit
(NeKSAP)
KeyStakeholders
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32. Chronic Food Insecurity
“Conditions of persistent inability
to meet minimum quality and
quantity of food consumption
requirements as is evident even in
the absence of a shock/hazard” IPC V2
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33. Major Indicators
Livelihood
I. Ownership of production assets (Assets refers to land,
water, finance, extension service, equipments, forest, with
specific focus on women)
I.Access/ Market
I. Prices (staple food, price trend)
II.Disaster and climate change
I. Drought
II. Flood / Landslide
III. Number of food groups consumed
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34. Nutrition, Health and WASH
I. Type of water source
II. Access to improved sanitation
facilities
III. Percentage of population under the
national poverty level
IV. Underweight
V. Stunting
VI. BMI<18.5
VII. Anemia
VIII. IMR
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35. Agriculture
I. Food Consumption Score (FCS)
II. Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS)
III. Copying Strategy Index (CSI)
IV. Food balance sheet
V. Production Figures
VI. Proportion of population unable to access a basic
consumption basket during the analysis period
(Poverty or food poverty line)
VII.Percentage of income spent on food (for the
poorest quintile)
VIII.Household food stocks
IX. Access to agriculture /input seeds/fertilizer and
irrigation
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36. Phase Classification
Level 1:
Low Chronic
Food Insecurity
Level 2:
Moderate Chronic
Food Insecurity
Level 3:
High Chronic
Food Insecurity
Level 4:
Very High Chronic
Food Insecurity
Considering recent
normal years, less
than 10% of the
HHs do not have
adequate quantity
and quality of food
throughout the
year;
AND
The area has not
had recurrent
Acute Food
Security Phase 4
or 5 (or
equivalent) in the
past 10 years.
Considering recent
normal years, 10 to
20% of the HHs do
not have adequate
quantity and quality
of food throughout
the year;
OR
The area has had
occasional Acute
Food Security Phase
4 or 5 (or
equivalent) in the
past 10 years.
Considering recent
normal years, 20 to
40% of the HHs do
not have adequate
quantity and
quality of food
throughout the
year;
OR
The area has had
frequent Acute
Food Security
Phase 4 or 5 (or
equivalent) in the
past 10 years.
Considering
normal years,
more than 40%
of the HHs do
not have
adequate
quantity and
quality of food
throughout the
year;
OR
The area has
had very
frequent Acute
Food Security
Phase 4 or 5 (or
equivalent) in
past 10 years
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