COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF COUNSELLING
PSYCHOLOGY.
TRENDSAND STATUSOF COUNSELLING

2. COUNSELLING
A process in which the counsellor assists the counselee
to make interpretations of facts relating to a choice,
plan, or adjustments which he needs to make.

3. COUNSELLING
Counselling deals with wellness, personal growth, career, education and
empowerment.
Counselling is conducted with groups, families and individual basis.
Counselling is diverse and multicultural.
Counselling is a process.
In counselling confidentiality is maintained.
Counselling works at the level of rapport and not at the level of transference.

4. COUNSELLING
Therefore, counselling psychology is a speciality with professional
psychology that maintains a focus on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning
across the life span.

5. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
In 2012 counselling formally celebrated its 60th anniversary as a profession.
With the passage of time, trends and societal change there has been pressing need to attend to new
trending issues and concerns .
Most pressing topics were-
1. Accreditation of counselling programmes and strengthening counsellor’s credential.
• It started with Association for Counsellor Education And Supervision (ACES) 1970.
Later transferred to Council For Accreditation Of Counselling And Related Education
Programs.( CACREP) 1981
• Till 2013 (CORE) Council Of Rehabilitation Counselling co-exsisted with CACREP.

6. July 1st 2017, CACREP began carrying out missions of both organizations.
Another activities within the profession of counselling were strengthening counsellors
Professional credentials.
The National Board Of Certified Counsellors announced after year 2020, it would no longer
Certify applicants who did not graduate from a CACREP-approved programme.
2. DEALING WITH VIOLENCE TRAUMA AND CRISES
Conflict is a part in most societies, even those that are predominantly peaceful. These acts
laid emphasis on preparing and responding to trauma and tragedies.
TRENDS IN COUNSELLING

7. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
It focused on crisis planning and strategies for working with different age groups.
Trauma is a normal response to very abnormal situations. Natural disasters, ongoing
wars, terrorist attacks, plane crash, school violence, domestic abuse are among the
most widely recognized causes of trauma.
The counsellors help the trauma survivors by helping them to connect with natural social
Support systems and resources that are available to them in their communities.
More emphasis is given on Acute Stress Disorder and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Crisis counselling as well as long term counselling service are often needed especially
With individuals who have PTSD.

8. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
3. The challenge of managed care…
A contractual agreement between a mental health professional and the managed care
Company regarding the care and treatment of the client is called the managed care.
They determine how health care providers deliver services, and what rights and recourses
The consumers have.
Their arrangements require the client to see a gate keeper physician before they are referred
To an specialist.
They have included counsellors in managed care boards and as providers.

9. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
Some negative impact of managed care unit on counselling-
• Counsellors have not been well compensated.
• Client consumers have been limited.
• Treatment focused more on medication based rather than relationship based.
• Ethical concerns like confidentiality, informed consent etc are of concern.
Therefore, counsellors can either work with managed care units, and be on their boards
or work outside and make a mark of their own in the service industry.

10. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
4. PROMOTING WELLNESS
Myers, Sweeney , and Witmer defines wellness as “Ideally, it is the optimum state of health and well-
being, that each individual is capable of achieving”.
It is the state of optimal health and well-being in which body, mind and spirit are integrated by the
individual to live life more fully within the human and natural community.
A model for promoting wellness has been developed ny Myers et.al. (2000). It focuses on
Life tasks such as – spirituality, self- direction, work and leisure, friendship and love .
Healthy functioning occurs with developmental continuity, that is interactive and healthy behaviour over
all affects subsequent development and functioning of an individual.

11. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
Wellness is one of the major emphasis of the 21st century as the counselling profession’s
Focus is on the health and well being of an individual as it is the developmental aspect of
Of life.

12. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
5. CONCERN FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE AND ADVOCACY
Advocacy can be defined as “promoting an idea or a cause through public relations. It
Involves networking and education”. (Tysl ,1997 , p.16 )
Social justice refers to the idea of creating a society or institution that is based on the
Principles of equality, human rights and recognizes the dignity of every human being.
Major approach of social justice includes helping clients to identify and challenge their
Environmental limits.
Challenging systematic forms of oppression through counsellor social action.
Liberating clients from oppressive social practices.

13. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
Social justice helps counsellors to be more attuned to social injustices and thereby
helping them to work in more just and sensitive manner.
Advocacy involves “helping clients challenge institutional and social barriers that
Impede academic, career, or personal-social development”. (Lee, 1998, pp . 8-9 )
The purpose is to increase clients sense of personal power and foster socio political changes
That reflect clients personal needs.
To be successful as advocate a counsellor need to have-
• Capacity for commitment
• Appreciation of human suffering.
• Non-verbal and verbal communication skills.
• Knowledge and use of media, technology and the internet.
• Assessment and research skills.

14. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
Advocate counsellors must have passion for the cause and causes they advocate for
And be willing to be flexible and compromising to obtain realistic goals.
Counsellors For Social Justice (CSJ) , Association Of Counsellor Education and Supervision
(ACES) are the leading groups for advocacy and social justice.
Chi Sigma Iota (Counselling Academic and Professional Honour Society International )
And NBCC (National Board Of Certified Counsellors ) are the leading advocacy group
Outside the American Counselling Association.

15. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
6. Greater Emphasis On Technology
Technology use has grown rapidly in counselling considering the limited time in the fast
Paced era of human society now.
• Internet and telephones, listservs and bulletin boards, E-mails are used widely, websites
Are maintained by counsellors and organizations.
• Streaming videos and wireless connectivity are two cutting edge technology.
• Cyber counselling is gaining fast pace recognition.
Its beneficial for clients who are –
• Physically disabled.
• Who would ordinarily not seek counselling due to various stigma.
• Are more prone to writing than speaking.
• Geographically isolated.

16. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
Cyber –counselling is fraught with ethical and legal risks like-
• The issues of confidentiality.
• How to handle emergency situations.
• The lack of non-verbal information.
• The danger of offering online services over state judicial lines.
• The lack of outcome research on the effectiveness of online counselling.
• Technology failures.
• Difficulty of establishing rapport with the client who
is not visually seen.
Despite all the hurdles services across the internet and
Telephones are widely used now.

17. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
7. LEADERSHIP.
Increased need for counsellors to develop leadership and planning skills to become
More positive and potent force in the society.
Skills that can be applied in leadership are empathy, group processing and goal settings,
Performance reviews, being accountable for team affinity and companionship which are not
Taught in counselling programmes making it difficult for counsellors to move beyond
Clinical supervision to managerial leadership roles.
Important area in leadership is the strategic planning, which involves envisioning the future
And making preparations to meet anticipated needs.
ACA now provides training for new leaders and legislative training for counsellors.
In 2005 ACA along with 30 other counselling groups created the 2020 future of counselling
Initiative in order to map out the future of the profession in 2020.

18. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
8. IDENTITY
With better professionalism, acceptance from the society, more research literature
and journals being generated, stronger in professional associations and more For
professionals becoming counsellors, counselling has created a niche an identity for itself.
Some of the divisions and affiliates operating under ACA’s structure are-
• Association For Counsellor Educator And Supervision (ACES) founded in 1938.
• American School Counsellor Association (ASCA) founded in 1953.
• Association For Assessment And Research In Counselling (AARC) founded in 1965.
• Association For Specialist In Group Work (ASGW) founded in1973.
• Association For Adult Development And Aging (AADA) founded in 1986.
• American College Counselling Association (ACCA) founded in 1991.
• Association For Child And Adolescent Counselling (ACAC) founded in 2013.

19. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
9. INTERNATIONALIZATION OF COUNSELLING
Awareness that counselling is not just an American phenomenon. To internationalize
Counselling, (ACA) American Counselling Association is –
Publishing books on counselling around the world.
Partnering with other counselling associations globally.
Holds professional and developmental conferences like-
ACA- Asian Pacific Counselling Conferences in Singapore in 2015 and 2016.
ACA- Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association Conference in Montreal in
2006 and 2016.

20. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
10. LICENSE PORTABILITY.
License portability basically means the recognition that the professional received
In one state is acceptable and valid for practice in another state.
The American Association Of State Counselling Boards, which comprises of all states that
License counsellors made a proposal for portability in 2015.
It helped in states that were bordering each other to form consortium and work out ways,
for the licensed counsellors to move from one state to another,interstate basis
for practice.

21. TRENDS IN COUNSELLING
11. Uniformity Of Counsellor Education.
Uniformity was brought to counsellors education standard through Associations.
CACREP-Council On Accreditation of Counselling and Related Educational Programmes,
Has been vigilant over the years in setting standards, revising and keeping them culturally
Relevant.
The National Board For Certified Counsellors announced in 2015, that it would no longer
Certify counsellors who were not graduates of CACREP programme after 2020.

22. CURRENT STATUS OF COUNSELLING
The improved ability of the counsellors and the recognition by the common masses
Have increased the scope and relevance of counselling and its private practices and
Medical practices world wide.
The relevance of counselling has changed due to
number of factors like-
• Changing culture
• Education
• Rise in number of working women
• Urbanization
• Technology
• Westernization
• Changing values and relationships all these
demands now professional help.

24. CURENT STATUS OF COUNSELLING
Professional journals and publications have increased.
Practitioners have increased.
Public faith have increased and inhibitions are decreasing.
Counselling is sorted in many institutions like-
• The schools
• Vocational schools
• Higher Education Colleges.
• Community service centres.
• Employment counselling.
• Employee assessment counselling.
• Correctional counselling.
• Rehabilitation counselling.
• Marriage counselling.
• Family counselling.
• Pastoral counselling

25. CURRENT STATUS OF COUNSELLING
Geriatric counselling.
Private practice.
Issues where counselling is required during current status are-
Stress management.
Depression and self harm.
Anger management.
Child abuse.
Memory and Concentration.
Adjustment with parents.
School/college adjustments.
Love affairs and infatuations.
Career guidance.
Domestic violence.
Gambling.
Substance abuse.
Truancy.(staying away from school without any apparent reason).

26. CURRENT STATUS OF COUNSELLING
Refinements and extensions have taken place in counselling tools and techniques.
Counsellors are more sophisticated and aware about behaviours, values and attitude.
Training programmes are implemented with better theory, research and sound preparation.
Quality of content is given emphasis.
Simulated materials and video taping are used more frequently.
Code of ethics was made and implemented.

27. CURRENT STATUS OF COUNSELLING
3 important events of current status of counselling are-
The adoption of standards for the preparation of counsellors, at the elementary,
Secondary ,junior college and higher education level.
The acceptance of and increasing support for the counsellors at the elementary school
Levels.
The inclusion of Counsellors(i.e. their preparation and employment) in 17 federal
Legislative Acts.

28. CURRENT STATUS OF COUNSELLING
Emphasis is laid not only in school but for adult counselling too.
Prevention of societal concerns such as AIDS and human sexuality
concerns and disorders.
Mental health counsellors have increased opportunities for consultation in
Business, industry and community organization.
Thus counsellors as human relation experts and helpers will have unprecedented
Opportunities in every aspect of life situations. By promoting multi-cultural
Understanding and teaching positive human relationship among all racial, cultural,
ethnic and religious population of all ages.