The document defines and describes various concepts related to computer networks including:
- A computer network connects two or more computers to share resources and information.
- Components include senders, receivers, transmission medium, protocols, and messages.
- Wired and wireless networks use different transmission media such as twisted pair cables, WiFi, or Bluetooth.
- Common network types include local area networks (LANs) within a building and intranets within an organization.
- Network devices like hubs, switches, routers, and repeaters help connect and manage network traffic.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
CompTIA exam study guide presentations by instructor Brian Ferrill, PACE-IT (Progressive, Accelerated Certifications for Employment in Information Technology)
"Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53"
Learn more about the PACE-IT Online program: www.edcc.edu/pace-it
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
CompTIA exam study guide presentations by instructor Brian Ferrill, PACE-IT (Progressive, Accelerated Certifications for Employment in Information Technology)
"Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53"
Learn more about the PACE-IT Online program: www.edcc.edu/pace-it
CompTIA exam study guide presentations by instructor Brian Ferrill, PACE-IT (Progressive, Accelerated Certifications for Employment in Information Technology)
"Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53"
Learn more about the PACE-IT Online program: www.edcc.edu/pace-it
CompTIA exam study guide presentations by instructor Brian Ferrill, PACE-IT (Progressive, Accelerated Certifications for Employment in Information Technology)
"Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53"
Learn more about the PACE-IT Online program: www.edcc.edu/pace-it
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2. Contents:-
Definition
CN Components
Advantages Of
Networking
Networking Media
Types of Network
Networking
Terminology
Protocols
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
3. what is network
When two or more than two entity are connected
with each other with a medium is called network.
Example :
Man Network, Road Network, Banks ATM
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
Man Network, Road Network, Banks ATM
Railway Line, Telephone Network
Water Network etc.
4. Then,
What is a Computer Network?What is a Computer Network?
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
6. When two or more than two
computers and other peripheral
devices are interconnected to eachdevices are interconnected to each
other for the purpose of sharing
resources and information is known as
Computer Network.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
7. Parts Of Computer Network as
a Data Communication System
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
8. Sendertransmit data to other nodes in the network.
Receiver receive the data in the network.
Transmission Medium is a physical path through which the
message travel from sender to the receiver.
Example : - Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable, FiberExample : - Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable, Fiber
optics cable and Radio waves .
Protocolis a set of rules that governs the data communication.
Without a protocol the data can’t be exchanged.
Messageis the information to be communicated. It can contain text,
pictures, audio, video, etc.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
9. Points to remember-
Each computer in a network is called Node.
Each Node acts as either Sender or a Receiver.
These node are connected to each other
through some medium like cables , radio
waves etc.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
10. Advantages Of Computer NetworkAdvantages Of Computer Network
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
12. Disadvantages Of Computer Network??
Is there any
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
Disadvantages Of Computer Network??
13. The Possible Disadvantages are-
Network faults can cause loose of Data
Network faults could lead to loose of
resources.resources.
Systems open to hackers.
Resources could be located too far from
users.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
14. Points to remember-
Each computer in a network is called Node.
Each Node acts as either Sender or a Receiver.
These node are connected to each other
through some medium like cables , radio
waves etc.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
15. Network Media
or
Transmission Media
The path through which data can be transmitted from
one location to another location is known as Network
Media or Transmission Media or Communication
Media.Media.
The medium can be wires or air/ vaccum (wireless)
On the basis of that, the types of Media are-
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
16. Network Media
Wired OR Bounded
OR Guided
Unwired OR Unbounded OR
Unguided
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
Ethernet
Cable
Coaxial
Cable
Optical
fiber
Cable
Bluetooth Infrared Wi-Fi
17. Guided Media
It is defined as the physical medium through which
the signals are transmitted. It is also known as
Bounded media.
GuidedMedia
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
GuidedMedia
Twisted Pair
Coaxial Cable
Optical Fiber Cable
18. Ethernet Cable Or Twisted Pair CableEthernet Cable Or Twisted Pair Cable
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
19. Points to Remember-
There are mainly two types of Ethernet/Twisted Pair
Cable-
1.1. CrossoverCrossover CableCable – Designed to connect two devices of
the same type, e.g. two computers or two switches.
2.2. StraightStraight--throughthrough CableCable – Both the ends identical. And2.2. StraightStraight--throughthrough CableCable – Both the ends identical. And
used to connect a computer to a router or a switch.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
21. Points to Remember-
There are mainly two types of Coaxial Cable-
1.1. Baseband Coaxial CableBaseband Coaxial Cable – Supports quick transmission
of a single signal at a time. Mainly used for LANs
2.2. Broadband Coaxial CableBroadband Coaxial Cable – Transmit multiple signals
at the same time and is used for long distances.at the same time and is used for long distances.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
25. Unguided MediaUnguided Media
An unguided transmission transmits the
electromagnetic waves without using any physical
medium. Therefore it is also known as wireless
transmission or unbounded media.transmission or unbounded media.
In unguided media, air is the media
through which the electromagnetic
energy can flow easily.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
28. Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication
technology that allows devices such as mobile phones,technology that allows devices such as mobile phones,
computers, and peripherals to transmit data or voice
wirelessly over a short distance. Its uses low power radio
waves.
Maximum transmission range is up to 240 meters depending
on the Bluetooth version in use.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
29. What is Infrared Technology?
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
30. InfraredInfrared (IR)(IR) is a wireless mobile technology used
for device communication over short ranges.
IR communication has major limitations because
it requires line-of-sight, has a short transmissionit requires line-of-sight, has a short transmission
range and is unable to penetrate walls.
IR transceivers are quite cheap and serve as short-
range communication solutions.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
36. What Is a LAN?What Is a LAN?
A local area network (LAN) is a
collection of devices
connected together in one
physical location, such as a
building, office, or home.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
building, office, or home.
LAN is operated in a small
area, it can be controlled and
administrated by a single
person or an organization.
40. MODEM:
Modem is short for “Modulator-Demodulator”.
A modem enable you to connect your computer to
the available internet connection over the existing
telephone line.
It convert the digital signal of a computer into
analog signals to enable their transmission via
phone line.phone line.
At the destination, the receiving modem further
converts the analog signal into digital signal so that
the data can be understood at the receiving end.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
41. Categories of Modem
Internal Modem :- External Modem
An internal modem comes
as a separate part that is
installed on the PCI
The modem that are
connected externally to a
computer.installed on the PCI
(Peripheral Component
Interconnect) slots
available on the
motherboard.
computer.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
42. HUBHUB
A HUB is a networking device that is used to
connect multiple computers and computing
devices directly to the network by using cables.
Each connection is called a port.
As a multiport repeater it works by
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
As a multiport repeater it works by
repeating transmissions received from
one of its ports to all other ports in the
network( i.e. it is broadcast to every
other port).
So that it is a non-intelligent
network device.
43. SWITCHSWITCH
Like a hub, a switch also has many ports, to
which computers are plugged in.
It is an intelligentintelligent network device. When a
data arrives at any port of a network switch, it
examines the destination address and sends the
data to the corresponding device(s). Thus, itdata to the corresponding device(s). Thus, it
supports both unicastunicast and multicastmulticast
communications.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
Fig.Fig.-- UnicastUnicast
Fig.Fig.--MulticastMulticast
44. Repeater
Repeater is a communication device, used to regenerate a
signal.
It receives electronic signals, clean them, and retransmit
them.
Signals tend to distort when transmitted over long
distances.
Repeaters are needed so that the signals can travel longer Repeaters are needed so that the signals can travel longer
distances with same strength or even at a higher power.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
45. Network TerminologyNetwork Terminology
Internet
Intranet
Bandwidth
Internet Services Provider
Link
Hyperlink
Hypertext
Hypermedia Internet Services Provider
(ISP)
Website
Web Portal
Webpages
Homepage
Hypermedia
Uniform Resource Locate
(URL)
IP Address
Domain Naming System
(DNS)
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
46. InternetInternet
Internet= International Network
The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer
networks that use the standard
Internet protocol suite to serve
billions of users worldwide. It is a
Internet protocol suite to serve
billions of users worldwide. It is a
network of networks that consists
of millions of private, public,
academic, business, and
government networks.
The Internet is the largest
encyclopedia for all age groups.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
47. Intranet (An Organization's Network)
Intranet refers to a computer
network within an organization,
used to share file and resources
of the organization securely.
The private information of an
organization cannot be accessedorganization cannot be accessed
by outside person as it is
protected by a firewall.
For example :- The employees of an
airlines are interlinked with each
other through the internet so that
they can access and modify booking
and flight data, but the same
information cannot be accessed by
an outsider.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
48. ISP (Internet Service Provider)
An Internet service provider
(ISP) is an organization which
provides access to the Internet
to the user.
Some common ISPs Some common ISPs
providing internet service
in India are BSNL, Airtel,
Reliance etc.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
49. Website
A website is a collection of related
web pages containing images,
video, or other digital media, A
website is identified by a same
domain name, which is the
address of the website.
These pages are written in Hyper
Text Markup Language(HTML) and
can be access by internet.
A website is hosted on a server on
the World Wide Web. Each website
is owned and managed by an
individual company or
organization.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
50. It is the firstfirst pagepage
of a Website. It
contains main
information aboutinformation about
a website along
with links to the
other parts of the
website.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
51. IP Address
An IP address, or simply an "IP," is a
unique address ( and logical address) that
identifies a device on the Internet or a local
network.
It allows a system to be recognized by other
systems connected via the Internet protocol.systems connected via the Internet protocol.
It is a 32 bit numeric address containing a set
of 4 number which varies from 0 to 255 .
There are two primary types of IP
address formats used today — IPv4 (32 bit)
and IPv6 (128 bit). An example of IP address
is:- 205205..198198..00..11
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
52. Domain Name System(DNS)
Domain names are used to establish a unique
identity. A domain name is your website name.
Organizations can choose a domain name that
corresponds to their name, helping Internet users to
reach them easily.
A domain name consists of two parts. One is the
name of domain and other is web extension.
For example in the URL-
http://www.sunbeamschools.com/index.html, the
domain name is sunbeamschools.com.By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)
53. Protocols
Protocol, in , a set of rules or procedures fcomputer science
or transmitting data between electronic devices, such as
computers.
Among the most important sets of Internet protocols
are TCP/IP, HTTPS, SMTP, and DNS.
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)