A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) provides a communication path between human brain and the computer system. With the advancement in the areas of information technology and neurosciences, there has been surge of interest in turning fiction into reality.
The major goal of BCI research is to develop a system that allows disabled people to communicate with other persons and helps to interact with the external environments.
This area includes components like, comparison of invasive and noninvasive technologies to measure brain activity, evaluation of control signals (i.e. patterns of brain activity that can be used for communication), development of algorithms for translation of brain signals into computer commands, and the development of new BCI applications.
It facilitates restoring the movement ability for physically challenged or locked-in users and replacing lost motor functionality.
2. Talk flow:
BCI
History
Functioning of BCI
Working Architecture
Types of BCI
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantage
Conclusion
References
3. BCI:
•What is BCI?
•What is the major goal of BCI?
•What does BCI Research area include?
•Who is Jacques Vidal?
4. History:
•1924, Hans Berger, a German neurologist was the 1st
to record
human brain activity by means of Electrocephalography (EEG) .
•1970 - Research on BCIs began at the University of California, Los
Angeles(UCLA).
•1978 - A prototype was implanted into a man blinded into adulthood.
•Mid 1990 – animal experiment the 1st
neuroprosthetic device implanted
into humans.
•2005 – Matthew Magle was the 1st
person to use BCI to restore
functionality loss due to paralysis.
8. Invasive BCI:
Directly implanted into grey matter of the brain.
Signals that are produced are prone to scar tissue
build up.
Used to treat acquired blindness.
1st scientist to produce a working BCI is William
Dobelle.
The 1st
prototype was implanted in “Jerry”.
9. Partially Invasive BCI:
Implanted inside the skull but rest outside the brain.
Different from non-invasive BCIs.
ECoG- a promising intermediate BCI
modality.
high spatial resolution.
Better signal to noise ratio.
Wider frequency range.
10. Non invasive BCI:
EEG based requires some time & efforts prior to each
usage. But Non EEG based doesn't requires any time
and effort.
12. Games & Entertainment:
In many non medical applications.
Various games like helicopters are made to fly to any
point either a 2D or 3D virtual world.
Combining the features of existing games with brain
controlled capacities tends to provide a multi brain
entertainment experience-Brain Arena.
13. Neuromarketing:
Researchers have considered the impact of cognitive
function in neuro-marketing feilds.
Estimating the memorization of TV ads thus
providing another method for advertising evaluation.
14. Advantages:
Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs
with their mind.
Transmit visual images to the mind of blind person,
allowing them to see.
Transmit auditory data to the mind of deaf person,
allowing them to hear.
Allow gamers to control video games with their minds.
Allow amute person to have their thoughts displayed
and spoken by a computer.
15. Disadvantages of BCI:
Research is still in beginning stages.
Ethical issues may prevent its development.
Electrodes outside the skull can detect very few
electric signals from the brain.
Electrodes present inside the skull create scar tissue in
the brain.
16. Conclusion
BCI are communication devices that translate signals
from the brain into electrical signals.
It allows people to regain some form of control and
regain interaction with the environment.
17. References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface
Brain computer interfacing: application and challenges Sarah N
Abdulkar, Ayman Atia, Mostafa-Sami M. Mostafa.
Brain computer interface technology: A review of first international
meeting(IEEE Transaction on rehabilitation engineering ,Vol 8,No-
2,June 2000 )
