this presentation include history chemical physical properties and uses of benzene..

1. 1

2. 2

3. compounds

4. Made by:
 AYESHA AFTAB MALIK
Bs in bioinformatics
International Islamic
university Islamabad
Pakistan

5. Aromatic compounds:
 a hydrocarbon with
alternating double an single
bonds between carbon atoms
 containing one or more
benzene rings that are
characteristic of the
benzene series of
compounds.

6. Benzene and Aromatic Compounds
 Benzene (C6H6) is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon
(or arene).
 Benzene has four degrees of unsaturation, making it a
highly unsaturated hydrocarbon.
 Whereas unsaturated hydrocarbons such as alkenes,
alkynes and dienes readily undergo addition reactions,
benzene does not.
6

7. History of aromatic compounds:
 August Wilhelm Hofmann in
1855
 August Kekulé in 1865

8.  J. J. Thomson, between 1897 and
1906
 Sir Robert Robinson, in 1925

9.  Ernest Crocker in 1922
 Hückel in 1931.

27.  Friedel–Crafts alkylation involves the
alkylation of an aromatic ring with an alkyl
halide using a strong Lewis acid catalyst. With
anhydrous ferric chloride as a catalyst, the
alkyl group attaches at the former site of the
chloride ion

28.  any group derived from an alkane by the
removal of one hydrogen atom. Alkyl groups
are often designated by the symbol R.

30.  . Acylation means substituting an acyl group
into something - in this case, into a benzene
ring.
 The most commonly used acyl group is
CH3CO-. This is called the ethanoyl group

31. An acyl group is an alkyl group attached to a
carbon-oxygen double bond. If "R" represents
any alkyl group, then an acyl group has the
formula RCO-

33.  They consist of three or more benzene rings
 commonly produced by fossil fuel combustion.
 Also called polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon.

41.  Cigarettes
 Styrofoam(use mostly in food containers)
 Cumene (paint thinner, lacquer thinner, brush
cleaner, paint stripper and spray paint)
Benzene in Soft Drinks
 Gasoline