Role of Biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers in agriculture
1. Assigned by:
Ma’am Sumbal Ali
Presented by:
Iqra Saeed
Saia Kokab
Khadija Nisar
Touseef Ahmad
Adeel Akram
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2. Contents
• Introduction to Fertilizers
• Types of Fertilizers
a) Single Fertilizers
b) Compound Fertilizers
c) Organic Fertilizers
d) Inorganic Fertilizers
• Advantages and Disadvantages of fertilizers
• Summary
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3. Introduction to Fertilizers
Definition:
“Fertilizers are natural and synthetic materials used to supply the essential
elements to the plant in a readily available form for the growth and development
of plant”
These compounds are given to plants either
• By soil____________ uptake by plant roots
• Foliar feeding______ uptake through leaves
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4. Introduction to Fertilizers
Why Fertilizers are applied?
Fertilizers are applied because they can provide:
• Certain elements ( N, P, K )
• Nutrients
• Support plant growth
• Increase flowering
• Increase the yield of crops and fruits
• Increase soil fertility
• Increase soil aeration
• Increase Water holding capacity
• Provide deficient elements
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8. Types Of Fertilizers
• Single Fertilizers
e.g NH4Cl, KCl, NH4NO3
• Compound Fertilizers
e.g KNO3 , Mono, Di, Tri
Ammonium Phosphate
• Organic Fertilizers
e.g Biofertilizers like Organic
Manures, Composts etc.
• Inorganic Fertilizers
e.g Artificial and Chemical
Fertilizers
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9. Organic Fertilizers
• These are derived from Organic sources
• These can range from organic compost to cow manure
• Cow manure from a conventional farm
• Pesticides would not be considered organic fertilizers
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10. Types of Organic Fertilizers
Organic Fertilizers can b categorized into following groups:
• Manures and compost
• Plant manures
• Plant stubble and residues
• Other fertilizers
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11. Animal Manure and Compost
• Animal manure consists of solid and liquid
feces and litter
• Good quality manure is excellent source of
organic nutrients
• Fresh manure may be available from the
livestock operations
• Compost can be made from the materials such
as yard waste, sawdust, manures and
industrial by-products
• It usually has a dark brown appearance,
granular in size and has a musty smell
• Commercially packed manures generally
contain composted material litter.
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12. Green Manures
Green fertilizing is a method in which,
Plants are produced and their
whole mass is turned into mass in
soil
They increase the soil fertility by
incorporating nutrients and organic
matter in soil
Leguminous plants such as clover
are often use for this
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13. Plant, Stubbles and roots Residues
• The roots of cultivated plants play a
significant role in the maintenance
of the fertility, digestion of nutrients
and improving the structure of the
soil.
• They have a great advantage on the
organic manures that they
homogenously net in the soil and in
this way the organic material
distribution is even.
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14. Other Fertilizers
There are some other fertilizers which
include:
Peet
Lime
Algae-Products
a) Calcareous Algae
b) Liquid product made of dried
green and brown algae
Bacterial and Microbial Fertilizers
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16. Inorganic Fertilizers
• These fertilizers are made up of simple inorganic chemicals or minerals.
• Inorganic Fertilizer are used to distinguish the manufactured product from
natural organic material of plant and animal.
Specifications
• They are easy to store.
• They have analysis than organic fertilizer.
• They can be custom formulated for specific purpose.
• Easy to apply and can be applied uniformly.
• They available in liquid and solid form.
• Nutrients are readily available to plant
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17. Sources of Inorganic Fertilizers (majorly)
Major sources of inorganic fertilizers which impart important characteristics
on plant growth are:-
• Nitrogen Fertilizers (N)
• Phosphorous Fertilizers (P)
• Potassium Fertilizers (K)
These are commonly called
as NPK Fertilizers.
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18. Nitrogen Fertilizers
• Promotes rapid vegetative growth (leaf and stems) hastening
recovery after mowing and imparting vigor to the turf.
• A vital element in the formation and function of
chlorophyll–the key ingredient imparting dark green color.
• Synthesizes amino acids which in turn form protein.
• Regulates the uptake of other nutrients.
• Basic ingredient of vital compounds - Nucleic acid
• Commercial inorganic source include salt of ammonia and
potassium.
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19. Ammonium Sulfate (N- Fertilizer)
• (NH4)2SO4 has been used in sugarcane and pineapple as
on small farm.
• It contain 21%N and 11% S.
• It will lower soil pH if used continuously over long time.
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20. Urea ( N-Fertilizer)
• Urea is a type of nitrogen fertilizer which is white crystalline substance with
the chemical formula NH2CONH2.
• It is highly water soluble.
• It contains 46% nitrogen
Urea Manufacturing
Raw material:
• Amonia(NH3)
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Reaction:
• Urea is synthesized from NH3 and CO2 in two stage reaction.
• Formation of ammonium carbonate.
• 1.2NH3+CO2 NH2COONH4
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21. Synthesis of Urea
Several parts
• Ammonium pumping
• Carbon dioxide
compression
• Urea synthesis tower
• Distillation tower and flash
drum
• Vacuum evaporator
• Prilling tower
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22. Phosphorous Fertilizers (P-Fertilizers)
• Animal manure is a source of Phosphorus.
• Commercial fertilizer are made primarily from Rock phosphate.
• Other commercial form are ammonium phosphate and triple super
phosphate.
• They are water soluble.
Ammonium Phosphate (P-Fertilizers)
• Ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 is salt ammonium and
phosphate acid.
• It consists of ammonium cations and ammonium anoins.
• It is water soluble and aqueous solution on boiling losses
ammonia.
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23. Synthesis of Ammonium phosphate
Raw Material:-
Basis=1000Kg of Diamonium phosphate
Amonium=200Kg
Phosphoric=465Kg
Reaction:
NH3+H3PO4 NH4H2PO4
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24. Potassium Fertilizers ( K-Fertilizers)
• Used to replenish soil supplies.
• Community fertilizer may purchase as potassium sulfate.
• The nitrate firm is more expensive.
• Used only for high premium crop such as vegetables and orchard plant.
Potassium Chloride Fertilizers (K-Fertilizer)
• Potassium chloride is well suited for rice wheat , cotton and corn.
• Because of physiological acidity potassium can be used in neutral
calcareous soil.
• It can be used as top dressing.
• Because Potassium Chloride fertilizer contain large amount of
chloride, it will help to growth of seed.
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29. Advantages of Biofertilizers
• Decompose plant residues & stabilize C:N ratio in soil
• Stimulate plant growth by secreting growth hormones
• Secrete antifungal and antibiotic like substances
• No adverse effects on plants growth
• It also produce IAA (indole acetic acid), Gibberellins, and vitamin
B that catalyze the growth of crops and yields
• Cheaper then the commercial fertilizers, 200 grams of solid bio-
fertilizers are available in Rs.6 while liquid bio-fertilizers are
available in Rs.280/liter
• Can be used in paddy Crops( Rice)
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30. Disadvantages of Biofertilizers
• Specific to plants.
• Require skills to maintain
• In adequate awareness of use and
benefits.
• Different machinery from that of
chemical fertilizers.
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32. Advantages of Chemical Fertilizers
• Help in fight plant disease
• Increase root growth & make plant
pest resistant
• It make poor soil fertile immediately
• Eliminate crop rotation
• Cheap & easy to use
• Make nutrients available to crops
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33. Disadvantages of Chemical Fertilizers
• Create dead zones
• Kill aquatic life
• Decrease water holding capacity in soil
• Increase soil erosion
• Kill nitrogen supplying microbes to plants
• Cause breathing problems & skin disease in
farmers
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