1. HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION:
1648 TO PRESENT
What is a Civil Rights Movement?

2. I.
WWII and Civil Rights
A. Rights in the 1930s & 40s
1. The Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXX6ER9_I2s

3. Lawrence H. Beitler. Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith Postcard. Marion, Indiana. August 7, 1930.

4. Strange Fruit (1939)
Southern trees bear strange fruit
Blood on the leaves and blood at the root
Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze
Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees
Pastoral scene of the gallant south
The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth
Scent of magnolias, sweet and fresh
Then the sudden smell of burning flesh
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Web007rzSOI
Here is fruit for the crows to pluck
For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck
For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop
Here is a strange and bitter crop

5. I.
WWII and Civil Rights
A. Rights in the 1930s & 40s
1. The Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
2. A Jim Crow War
"Why Should We March?" March on Washington fliers,
1941. A. Philip Randolph Papers, Manuscript Division
(8-8) Courtesy of the A. Philip Randolph Institute,
Washington, D.C..

6. I.
WWII and Civil Rights
A. Rights in the 1930s & 40s
1. The Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
2. A Jim Crow War
Toni Frissell. Tuskegee Airmen, 1945. Silver gelatin print.
LOC Prints and Photographs Division. Reproduction
Number: LC-F9-02-4503-330-5 (8-6)

7. I.
WWII and Civil Rights
A. Rights in the 1930s & 40s
1. The Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
2. A Jim Crow War
Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps.
1945

8. I.
WWII and Civil Rights
A. Rights in the 1930s & 40s
1. The Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
2. A Jim Crow War
Double V Campaign

9. I.
WWII and Civil Rights
A. Rights in the 1930s & 40s
1. The Lynching of Thomas
Shipp and Abram Smith
2. A Jim Crow War
Left: Isaac Woodward
Right: Charles White.The Return of
the Soldier, 1946. Pen and ink on
illustration board. Prints and
Photographs Division. Reproduction
Number: LC-USZC4-4886 (8-19)

10. I.
WWII and Civil Rights
A. Rights in the 1930s & 40s
1. The Lynching of Thomas
Shipp and Abram Smith
2. A Jim Crow War
3. The G.I. Bill
• Low cost mortgages
• Low-interest loans for business
• Tuition & living expenses for college

11. I.
WWII & Civil Rights
II.
The Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights Movement (1954-1971)
adapted from
<http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aaworld/timeline/civil_01.ht
ml>
1954
In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas,
the Supreme Court rules unanimously against school
segregation, overturning its 1896 decision in Plessy
v. Ferguson.
1955
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on a
Montgomery, Alabama, bus to a white person,
triggering a successful, year-long African American
boycott of the bus system.
1956
The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the segregation
of Montgomery, Ala., buses is unconstitutional.
1957
King, Jr., helps found the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference to work for full equality for
African Americans.
Rosa Parks sits in the front of a bus in Montgomery,
Alabama, after the Supreme Court ruled segregation
illegal on the city bus system on December 21st, 1956.
Parks was arrested on December 1, 1955 for refusing to
give up her seat in the front of a bus in Montgomery set
off a successful boycott of the city busses. Man sitting
behind Parks is Nicholas C. Chriss, a reporter for United
Press International out of Atlanta. © Bettmann/CORBIS
For the first time since Reconstruction, the federal
government uses the military to uphold African
Americans' civil rights, as soldiers escort nine African
American students to desegregate a school in Little
Rock, Arkansas. Daisy Bates, an NAACP leader,
advised and assisted the students and eventually

13. I.
WWII & Civil Rights
II.
The Civil Rights Movement
1964
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC), CORE and the NAACP and other civilrights groups organize a massive African American
voter registration drive in Mississippi known as
"Freedom Summer." Three CORE civil rights
workers are murdered. In the five years following
Freedom Summer, black voter registration in
Mississippi will rise from a mere 7 percent to 67
percent.
President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act,
which gives the federal government far-reaching
powers to prosecute discrimination in employment,
voting, and education.
1965
One year after splitting from the Nation of Islam,
Malcolm X is assassinated in New York by gunmen
affiliated with the NOI.
King organizes a protest march from Selma to
Montgomery, Alabama, for African American voting
rights. A shocked nation watches on television as
police club and teargas protesters.
Segregationist protests civil rights march outside
Montgomery Capitol building by carrying a sign that reads,
"Civil Rights Bill Un-Constitutional." Civil rights activists
marched from Selma to Montgomery to protest denial of
voting rights to African Americans.March 1965. © Steve
Schapiro/Corbis
In the wake of the Selma-Montgomery March, the
Voting Rights Act is passed, outlawing the practices
used in the South to disenfranchise African American
voters

14. I.
WWII & Civil Rights
II.
The Civil Rights Movement
1965
Race riots break out in the Watts area of Los
Angeles, leaving 34 dead and roughly a thousand
hurt. The immediate trigger is the arrest of a young
African American man charged with reckless driving;
the underlying cause is probably mass
unemployment and poor living conditions among
L.A,'s African Americans, combined with widespread
racism.
1966
Stokely Carmichael, chairman of the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, calls for "black
power" in a speech, ushering in a more militant civil
rights stance.
Stokely Carmichael at a peace rally at the United Nations
in New York City. 1967. © Bob Adelman/Corbis
Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seales found the Black
Panther Party, a radical black power group, in
Oakland, California. Although it develops a
reputation for militant rhetoric and clashes with the
police, the group also becomes a national
organization that supports food, education, and
healthcare programs in poor African American
communities.
1967
Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African
American justice on the Supreme Court.
Stokely Carmichael. Speech at UC Berkley. January 1966.

15. I.
WWII & Civil Rights
II.
The Civil Rights Movement
1968
Martin Luther King, Jr., is assassinated in Memphis,
Tennessee. His murder sparks a week of rioting
across the country.
Shirley Chisholm becomes the first African American
woman to be elected to Congress.
1971
Fifteen African American members of Congress form
the Congressional Black Caucus to present a unified
African American voice in Congress.
Shirley Chisholm after winning Brooklyn’s 12th
District on 5 November 1968 © Bettmann/CORBIS