2. Artists of the 50’s:
• Elvis Presley
• Chuck Berry
• Bo Diddley
• Fats Domino
• Little Richard
• Jerry Lee Lewis
• Big Joe Turner Top 3 Rock & Roll Songs:
• Gene Vincent Johnny B. Goode – Chuck Berry
• Ray Charles Jailhouse Rock – Elvis Presley
• Penguins Rock around the clock – Billy Haley & His comets
• Lloyd Price
Top 3 Blues Songs:
• Hank Williams
Chuck Berry – Rock & Roll music
• Sonny Rollins
Johnny Cash – I walk the line
• Charlie Parker
Frankie Lymon – The Teenagers
• Carl Perkins

3. McCarthyism:
Is the practice of making accusations of
disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper
regard for evidence
Blacklisting:
A list privately exchanged
among employers, containing
the names of persons to be
barred from employment
because of untrustworthiness
or for holding opinions
considered undesirable.
Communism:
A political theory derived from
Karl Marx, advocating class war
and leading to a society in
which all property is publicly
owned and each person works
and is paid according to their
abilities and needs

4. Controversial Topics:
• Quiz Show Scandals
• Hollywood Black listing
• McCarthyism
Other Topics:
• A total of 101 television stations are operating.
• Some 4,835,000 television sets are installed.
• Colour TV Introduced
• Princess Elizabeth Becomes Queen
• First Playboy Magazine
• Reports Say Cigarettes Cause Cancer
• Disneyland Opens
• Peace Symbol Created
• NASA Founded
• The Sound Of Music Opens in Broadway

7. Controversial issues
There are many controversial issues in the 1960’s:
The Pentagon Papers.
Civil Rights Marchers.
Kennedy Assassination.
The Vietnam War.
Johnson v. Goldwater election and their campaign ads.
Medi Care bill .
The War on Poverty.
The KKK Church Bombings in the south that killed 3 little girls.
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident.
68 Democratic Convention in Chicago, and its riots.
The Chicago 7.
Woodstock.
Peoples Park Demonstrations in Berkley.
The Free Speech Demonstrations early 60's Berkley.
Height Ashbury scene 66- 67, known as 'The Summer of Love'.
Monterrey Pop Festival.
Martin Luther King Assassination.
Ted Kennedy and Chappaquiddick.
Assassination of Bobby Kennedy.
Charles Manson.
The Tet Offensive in Vietnam, and Walter Cronkite's analysis of same, known as the turning point.
The secret expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia.
The murder of Black Panther Party members and cover up of same by Chicago Police.
Cuban Missile Crisis.
CIA Cuban invasion known as 'The Bay of Pigs'.
The Watts Riots.
The Altamont Speedway Festival, Known as the death of the 60's - 1969.

8. 1960’s counterculture
In the 1960's, young people questioned
America's materialism and cultural and political
norms, much as they've always done. Seeking a
better world, some used music, politics, and
alternative lifestyles to create what came to be
known as the counterculture. Americans in that
era faced many controversial issues-from civil
rights, the Vietnam War, nuclear arms, and the
environment to drug use, sexual freedom, and
nonconformity.

9. • The counterculture lifestyle integrated many of the
ideals and indulgences of the time: peace, love,
harmony, music, mysticism, and religions outside the
Judeo-Christian tradition. Meditation, yoga, and
psychedelic drugs were embraced as routes to
expanding one's consciousness.
• The movement, greeted with enormous publicity and
popular interest, contributed to changes in American
culture. A willingness to challenge authority, greater
social tolerance, the sense that politics is personal,
environmental awareness, and changes in attitudes
about gender roles, marriage, and child rearing are
legacies of the era.

10. Many members of the counterculture saw their
own lives as ways to express political and social
beliefs. Personal appearance, song lyrics, and
the arts were some of the methods used to
make both individual and communal
statements. Though the specifics of the debates
were new, arguments for personal freedom, free
speech, and political reform go back to the
foundations of American society

12. In North America, Europe and Oceania, the
decade was particularly revolutionary in terms
of popular music, as it saw the formation and
evolution of rock.
At the beginning of the 1960s, pop and rock and roll trends of the 1950s
continued; nevertheless, the rock and roll of the decade before started
to merge into a more international, eclectic variant known as rock.
By the mid-1960s, rock and roll in its purest form
was gradually overtaken by pop
rock, beat, psychedelic rock, blues rock and folk
rock, which had grown in popularity.
The country and folk-influenced style associated
with the latter-half of 1960s rock music
spawned a generation of popular singer-
songwriters who wrote and performed their
own work.
Towards the decade's end, genres such as baroque pop, sunshine
pop, bubblegum pop, progressive rock and heavy metal started to grow
popular, with the latter two finding greater success in the following
decade.

13. Furthermore, the 1960s saw funk and soul music rising in
popularity; rhythm and blues in general remained
popular, and this style was commonly associated to girl
groups of the time, whose fusion of R&B and gospel with
rock and roll enjoyed success until the mid-part of the
decade.
Aside from the popularity of rock and R&B music in the 1960s, Latin American as
well as Jamaican and Cuban music achieved a degree of popularity throughout
the decade, with genres such as bossa nova, the cha-cha-
cha, ska, and calypso being popular.
From a classical point of view, the 1960s
were also an important decade as they
saw the development
of experimental, jazz and contemporary
classical music, notably minimalism and
free improvisation

14. The Billboard Top Ten songs of the year 1960 were:
1.) "You Talk Too Much" by Joe Jones
2.) "Cathy's Clown" by The Everly Brothers
3.) "The Twist" by Chubby Checker
4.) "Save the Last Dance for Me" by The Drifters
5.) "Running Bear" by Johnny Preston
6.) "Sweet Nothin's" by Brenda Lee
7.) "Handy Man" by Jimmy Jones
8.) "Walk, Don't Run" by The Ventures
9.) "Alley-Oop" by The Hollywood Argyles
10.) "Stay" by Maurice Williams & The Zodiacs
The song that won "Song of the Year" at The Grammys was "Theme From Exodus". Ray
Charles took two honors home "Best Pop Single Artist" and "Best Pop Male Vocal" for his
hit "Georgia on My Mind". Ella Fitzgerald won the "Best Pop Female Artist" with "Mack the
Knife". The "Best Pop Duo or Group" went to "We Got Us" by Eydie Gormé and Steve
Lawrence

15. Most popular artists

16. The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. They became perhaps the most commercially successful and critically
acclaimed act in the history of popular music. The band's best-known lineup consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney. George
Harrison, and Ringo Starr. Rooted in skiffle and 1950s rock and roll, the group later utilised several genres, ranging
from pop ballads to psychedelic rock, often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways. In the early 1960s, their enormous
popularity first emerged as "Beatlemania", but as their songwriting grew in sophistication, they came to be perceived by many fans and cultural
observers as an embodiment of the ideals shared by theera's sociocultural revolutions
The Beatles are the best-selling band in history, with EMI Records estimating sales of over one billion units.[They have had more number-one
albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act. According to the RIAA, as of 2012 they have sold 177 million
units in the US, more than any other artist. In 2008, they topped Billboard magazine's list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists. As of
2012, they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with 20. They have received 7 Grammy Awards from the
American National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and 15 Ivor Novello Awards from
the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. They were collectively included in Time magazine's compilation of the 20th
century's 100 most influential people
Who were ‘The Beatles’?

18. The rise of soft/rock and pop/rock and further rise in popularity for R&B with
artists such as Stevie wonder & Jackson 5.
The mid-1970s also saw the rise of disco music, which dominated during the last
half of the decade with bands like the Bee Gees, ABBA.

19. Towards the end of the decade, Jamaican
Reggae music, already popular in the
Caribbean and Africa since the early
1970s, became very popular in the U.S. and
in Europe, mostly because of reggae
superstar and legend Bob Marley. His music
touched on topics such as slavery and was
very inspirational.

20. People were starting to incorporate social issues and motivating messages within
their music as controversial issues were mounting:
Cher – Gypsy’s , tramps and thieves
Jackson 5 – I’ll be there
Bill Withers – Lean on me
Bob Marley – Buffalo soldier

21. BEEGEES Dolly Parton Diana Ross
Elton John Cher Barbra Streisand

22. • The Me decade ( individualism)
• Ken state shootings ( protest about Vietnam war, National Guard goes on shooting
spree)
• Economic recession
• Cold war still remained
• Major conflict between capitalist and communist forces in multiple countries
• Soweto Uprising when more than 700 black school children were killed by South
Africa's Security Police.
• Distrust between the revolutionaries and Western powers (Iran hostage crisis)
• Rise in the use of terrorism by militant organizations across the world
• Richard Nixon resigns as President in 1974 while facing charges for impeachment
(Watergate scandal)
• significant number of women as heads of state outside of monarchies

24. Increasing political awareness and political and economic liberty of
women, continued to grow. The hippie culture, which started in the later
half of the 1960s, weakened by the early 1970s and faded towards the
middle part of the decade, which involved:
• opposition to the Vietnam War,
• opposition to nuclear weapons,
• the advocacy of world peace,
• and hostility to the authority of government and big business.
• The environmentalist movement began to increase dramatically in this
period.

25. Family size dropped due to uncertain economy and unemployment.
Woman in the workplace gave woman a different priority other than
parenthood.
There was new freedom for women, homosexuals, the elderly, the
handicapped, and other minorities.
With the new wave of social equality, social events became extremely
popular, people were now going to Disco’s and ‘ doing it big ‘.
Everything was big from shirt collars, to belt buckles, clown shoes to Afros
and the ‘Farrah Mane’.
Sex, Drugs and rock & roll (influenced by the hippie movement)

27. By 1973, the music business had become a $2 billion/year industry
(approximately the size of the film and sports industries combined).
Virgin records (Richard Branson) was established in the early 70’s as an
independent label.
Labels such as Motown (1960) became increasingly popular because of its
style of soul music with a distinct pop influence.
(Marvin Gaye, Stevie wonder, Boyz II Men, Smokey Robinson)
CTI records – Jazz label now owned by Sony music entertainment.
Atlantic records- missed out on signing Elvis but later became well known
for signing artists such as Cher, The rolling stones, Bee Gees whose music
rocked the 1970’s.

28. In the 1980s there was the emergence of pop, dance music
and New Wave.
As the term disco fell out of fashion in the decades early
years.
Genres such as post-disco, Italo disco, Euro disco and dance-
pop became more popular.
Rock music continued to enjoy a wide audience; sub-genres
such as New Wave, Soft rock and Glam Metal emerged and
developed a significant following.
Adult contemporary, quiet storm and smooth jazz gained
popularity.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980s_in_music

29. Throughout the decade, R&B, hip hop and urban music in
general were becoming commonplace, particularly in the
inner-city areas of large, metropolitan cities; rap was
especially successful in the latter part of the decade, with
the advert of the golden age of hip hop.
These urban genres, rap and hip hop particularly would
continue their rise in popularity through the 1990s and
2000s.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980s_in_music

30. - In 1980s computers were beginning to be invented and
people were beginning to consume music through this.
- Then also the internet was invented in 1983 which meant
most could surf the internet and browse through the music
they wanted to listen to.
- It was mainly based on vinyl records and cassette tapes.
Records were by far the better quality and although they
used a very delicate surface to store the audio content, they
provided years of good quality and still do nowadays.
- Cassettes were more convenient and were becoming the
more popular medium for buyers.
- Unlike records, cassettes could be used in portable player
such as cars and Sony then introduced the Walkman, the
first personal music player.
Source: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_1980's_music_technology_like

31. - In the studio, recordings were made on to analogue tape.
Larger studios used 2” wide tape which would hold 24
tracks.
- And then by the end of the decade, CDs had made an
appearance in the consumer market. The CD claimed o
have far better quality than records or cassettes and the
claim is generally accepted as correct.
- The development of digital music in the 80s paved the
way for small and low cost studios. Most home based
and project studios today are based loosely on the
methods developed by the larger studios of the late 80s.
Source: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_1980's_music_technology_like

32. These are some of the artists whom topped the charts…
- Whitney Houston
- Janet Jackson
- Guns N Roses
- The Police
- Bon Jovi
- Michael Jackson
- Duran Duran
- Dire StraitsAA
- Van Halen
- Wang Chung

33. “New Order – Blue Monday” – is a single released in 7th March 1983. New Order is a
British band, the song has been widely remixed and covered since its release. It is a
popular anthem in the dance club scene.
It has 2 record labels, ‘Factory’ and ‘FAC 73’.
This song is currently #1 in the best songs of 1980s.
Source: http://www.nme.com/list/100-best-songs-of-the-1980s/266358/page/10

34. Some of the record labels from the 1980s were…
- 99 Records
- Audiogram
- Boardwalk Records
- Demon Music Group
- Caltex Records
- Clay Records
- Crammed Discs
- DEP International
- Dischord Records
- Epitaph Records
- Frontier Records
- Funoon Al Jazeera
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Record_labels_established_in_1980

35. One of the record labels were Boardwalk Records.
- It was founded by Neil Bogart in 1980 after PolyGram acquired his Casablanca
Records.
- The label ad a huge hit act with Joan Jett before Neil Bogart died of cancer in 1982.
- Other artists on the boardwalk label included Curtis Mayfield, Ohio Players and the
soundtrack to the 1982 film Megaforce.
- Chris Christian was the first artist signed to Boardwalk.
- In late 1981, “I Want You I Need You” became a #37 Top 40 Billboard pop hit and Top
10 A/C hit for Christian, Robert Kardashian who is Kim Kardashian’ father.
- A year after Bogart’s death, the label eventually closed down.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boardwalk_Records

36. ‘2000’ how music industry has changed

37. Background information
The internet became very popular and easily
accessible so this meant making it possible for
people to interact with other people, express
ideas, introduce others to different cultures and
backgrounds, use goods and services, sell and
buy online, research and learn about
anything, along with experiencing the whole
world without having to leave home

38. Digital revolution
“emergence of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks that allowed the free exchange of music files
(such as Kazaa and Napster).”
“The iPod and iTunes system for music storage and playback became immensely
popular, and many consumers began to transfer their physical recording media (such as
CDs) onto computer hard drives.”
This is the time also where many music copies were downloaded off the internet illegally
causing great loss within the music industry.
Not only that but the radio stations allowed music to be played online however this
meant there more ‘number 1’ hits which meant more money people buying the artist’s
music album.
But there was more , now the audience were able to record their own music on their own
computer and produce the instrumental music. This created opportunities to so many
consumers to be recognised. (prosumer)
This is the artists hope in
the 2000’s this was
because this was the
Napster used to be a illegal
only company who put
music distributor and it is
on a price tag on the
through napster where illegal
music and because I
distribution became popular.
pods could only get
The impact of this was billions
music from I tunes the
of money gone
artists and iTunes always
had money coming in.

39. Genre & Sub cultures
In the 2000 the most popular genre was pop and R&B, this was because shows like pop idol
started, and people started to sing rap and pop songs this became a trend where people like Beyoncé
became popular and it was a new twist to the rock and jazz trend. this genre showed a true potential
of how a person can sing because it included so many different pitches at a short span. Not only that
built the beats and the lyrics meant a lot of things to the audience. It also was very to reproduce a
pop, r and b video
Eminem is the biggest Emo rock was one of the sub
hip-hop act of the cultures of the 2000 era this
decade as well as the was because the music wasn’t Beyoncé Knowles was
best-selling overall ‘good to ear’ because the emo one of the best selling
music artist. rock consists of shouting and female performers of
lot of bass and no real singing. 2000s
Boy bands didn’t come as
popular as popular because of
better performances by Country music wasn’t as
individual singers. popular but was on of the
best listens in the 2000’s

40. Young Popular artist
‘At the start of 2000, Britney Spears was making a name for herself in the music industry. At
the start of 2000, Spears was prepping to release her 2nd album Oops..I Did It Again. The
second album featured hit tracks "Oops.. I Did It Again" and "Stronger". After the second
album, Spears released 2 more albums before taking an extended break to focus on family
and personal affairs. In 2007, Spears released her first electro pop-inspired album Blackout
which proved to be a major success for this pop star. "Gimme More" became a top 5 hit in
12 countries around the globe. Spears released 2 more albums at the close of the
decade, leaving fans wanting more from the pop sensation’. Yahoo voices
But as her audience grew this meant that her songs were more mature. So were her
videos an example is when she was in ‘baby one more time’ she had a pony tail and her
school uniform, this shoes she was innocent and not rebellious. However then she
released another song called ‘toxic’ this showed her more matured, she is wearing a air
hostess dress (servile) then she does some sexual dance scenes, in a transparent
clothing showing that she is more sexually empowered and feels confident in her
sexuality. However it disempowers males.

41. Institution
How artist were marketed is by being able to broadcast talent shows in many
countries and they were able to fund, through the audience by them calling
and voting for their favourite singer and therefore making masses amount of
money, and the more contenders they introduced the more money they
made. This meant other singing competitions e.g. top of the pops were able
to start their show and develop unknown artists to get a record label. It also
made unknown artists to be found easier.
Will young was found through pop idol (a
reality pop show) this were many new artists
are found.
Underground
The punk music were becoming more
popular but it did not affect the mainstream
because it was mostly downloaded off
piracy sites.