The document discusses several different medical conditions related to muscles and joints: vaginal atrophy causes thinning of the vaginal walls due to declining estrogen levels; menstrual cramps are painful spasms in the lower abdomen during periods; fibromyalgia causes chronic widespread muscle pain and tenderness; muscular dystrophy involves the progressive weakening of skeletal muscles; frozen shoulder results in a painful and stiff shoulder joint; and hypertonia refers to either increased or decreased muscle tone that can cause rigidity or flaccidity. For each condition, the summary provides information on signs and symptoms, causes, risks, and potential tests and treatments.

1. Atrophy
Wasting of muscle tissue resulting in inability to use
Vaginal Atrophy
Thinning and inflammation of the vaginal walls due to a decline in estrogen
Signs:VaginalDryness, Burning with urination,VaginalBurning,Urgency with urination
Causes: Decrease in estrogen production. Less circulating estrogen makes your vaginal
tissuesthinner, drier, less elastic and more fragile.
Risks: Smoking; impairs blood circulations. Never giving birth vaginally
Tests: A pelvic exam, A pap test, & urine test
Treatments: Mild symptoms may be relieved by use over the counter lubricant or
moisturizer, Creams(Etrace,Premarin,Others.), Tablets (Vagifem)
Cramp
Involuntary muscle contraction
Menstrual Cramps
are dull, throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen
Signs: Dizziness,LooseStools,Nausea, Pain lower back and thighs
Causes:UterineFibroids,Endometriosis,Cervical Stenosis
Risks:Age younger than 20,Heavy Bleeding, never having delieverd a baby, Smoking
Tests:Ultrasound,Hysteroscopy,Laproscopy
Treatments:NSAIDS drugs relieve pain, Hormonal Birth control,Surgery
Fibromyositis
Caused by Muscle strain or tear
Signs:Dryeyes,Headaches,Dizziness,Diffculty concentrating.
Causes:Causes are under investigation but includes stress,trauma,infection,
Sensitivity to pain,injury to upper spine
Risks:FamilyHistory,Exposure to damp or cold,poornutrition,overwork
Test:
Treatments: No cure but to relieve pain would be non-steroid drugs (NSAID)
Fibromyalgia
Chronic pain/tenderness in joint and surrounding soft tissues
Signs:Aches, Fatigue and sleep disturbances,Anxiety,Depression,
Causes:Infections,Genetics,Physical and emotional trauma
Risks:Moredignosed more often in women than in men, Familyhistory,rheumatic disease
Test: Complete blood count,Thyroid Function Tests

2. Treatment:Analgesics,Antidepressants,Anti-SeizureDrugs
Muscular Dystrophy
Group of disorders with progressive degeneration & weakening of skeletal muscles
Signs:troublerunning,waddling gait, large calf muscles,frequent falls
Causes:Muscular dystrophy occurs when one of these genes is defective
Risks: Most common in younger boys,Family History.
Tests: EnzymeTests,Muscle Biopsy
Treatments: Medications (Prenisone),Theraphy
Frozen Shoulder
Painful, Stiffness of the shoulder causing (ROM)
Signs: Thawing Stage, Frozen Stage, Painful Stage
Causes: When capsule thickens and tightens around the shoulder joints.
Risks:People 40 or older,immobility or reduced mobility
Tests:PhysicalExam:Backscratch,opposite shoulder, & hands up.
Treatments:Medications for pain,Therapy,Surgical&procedures.
Hypertonia
Muscle tone cause rigidity
Signs:
Causes:
Risks:
Tests:
Treatments:
Hypertonia
Muscle tone causing flaccid muscles
Signs:
Causes:
Risks:
Tests:
Treatments: