The document discusses decision making processes including: 1. Characteristics like certainty, uncertainty, risk, and incomplete information managers face. 2. The steps in decision making: recognizing a decision is needed, generating alternatives, evaluating them, choosing, implementing, and learning from feedback. 3. Techniques to improve group decision making like devil's advocacy and dialectic inquiry to reduce biases.

1. Decision Making Process

5. Why Information is Incomplete Uncertainty & risk Ambiguous Information Time constraints & information costs Incomplete Information Figure 6.2

8. Decision Making Steps Recognize need for a decision Generating alternatives Evaluating alternatives Choose among alternatives Implement chosen alternative Learn from feedback

13. Types of Pshchological Biases Pshchological biases Framing effects Disconting the future Illusion of Control

20. Devil’s Advocacy v. Dialectic Inquiry Devil’s Advocacy Presentation of alternative Critique of alternative Reassess alternative accept, modify, reject Dialectic Inquiry Alter. 1 Debate the two alternatives Reassess alternatives accept 1 or 2, combine Alter. 2 Figure 6.7