The document discusses transhumanism and compares human and artificial intelligence. It covers current technologies like mini antennas and potential future technologies like telepathy and neuroreality. It then compares how humans and artificial systems learn, with humans able to reach an understanding of essence while artificial intelligence relies on computational power. The document concludes that hard transhumanism, with robots becoming the dominant lifeform, clashes with philosophical views, while soft transhumanism involves more integration between humans and robots but maintains humans as the primary agents.
14. III/ Brain and processor : a comparison
Dartmouth Research Project on Artificial Intelligence
ā We propose that a 2 month, 10 man study of artificial intelligence be carried out
during the summer of 1956 at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The study
is to proceed on the basis of the conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other
feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be
made to simulate it. An attempt will be made to find how to make machines use
language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for
humans, and improve themselves. We think that a significant advance can be made in
one or more of these problems if a carefully selected group of scientists work on it
together for a summer.
ā
AI is based on the assumption that all brain capabilities can be modelled with
processors and electronic memories.
We commonly say that computers can āknowā, ālearnā, or ārememberā. But do they work
like human beings?
15. III/ Brain and processor : a comparison
How can a machine actually ālearnā something?
Bayesian theorem, support vector machines
16. III/ Brain and processor : a comparison
How can a machine actually ālearnā something?
Unsupervised learning: random forests, support vector clustering, K-means
17. III/ Brain and processor : a comparison
How can a machine actually ālearnā something?
Deep learning and neural networks
18. III/ Brain and processor : a comparison
Philosophical considerations
Aristotle : Nature is a principle and a cause of motion and rest by itself, that is intrinsic
and primary.
Technique depends on the action of man : the cause of the flight of a bird is nature,
whereas the cause of the flight of a plane is technique.
Classification of the different forms of life:
ā Vegetative life: reproduction, growth, nutrition
ā Sensitive life : sight, hearing, ā¦
ā Intellectual life: Human intelligence targets the being of things.
Consciousness does not necessarily arise from computational power.
Human intelligence has less computational power than artificial intelligence.
Human intelligence is able to reach the being of things.
19. Conclusions
Notion of transhumanism
ā Related to many technological challenges, from the graft of a member to a complete
merge between biology and electronics
ā Hard transhumnism: computational power is the only limit that separates man from
robot, and robots will become the dominant form of life in the future, but this clashes with
many philosophical considerations.
ā Soft transhumansim: Interfaces between robots and the human body will become more
and more elaborate, but the action of man will remain the primary cause of the
development of robots.
