The document discusses hydrogen fuel cells, including their history, working principles, types, and applications. It provides the following key points:
- Hydrogen fuel cells were discovered in 1838 and work by combining hydrogen and oxygen to efficiently produce electricity and water. This is done through an electrochemical process without combustion.
- There are several types of fuel cells including proton exchange membrane, phosphoric acid, solid oxide, and alkaline fuel cells, which differ in their electrolyte and operating temperatures.
- Fuel cells have many potential applications from transportation to backup power and are more efficient than combustion engines. They produce only water and heat as byproducts, making them a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels.
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RAJASTHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SEMINAR ON HYDROGEN FUEL CELL
1. RAJASTHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
JAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A
SEMINAR ON
“HYDROGEN FUEL CELL”
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Mr. RAGHAV DHAKER PRASHANT KUMAR
(ASTT. PROFESSOR,ME) BRANCH:-ME
Roll No:-
2. CONTENTS
• History
• Hydrogen Energy
• Fuel Cell
• Importance Of Fuel Cell Technology
• Working Of Fuel Cell
• Types Of Fuel Cell
• Importance Of Hydrogen
• Hydrogen Production
• Applications
• Benefits
3. HISTORY
1838: discovered by German scientist
Christian Friedrich Schoenbein
1839: Demonstrated by Welsh scientist Sir
William Robert Grove
4. Hydrogen Energy
Hydrogen is the simplest and the most
plentiful element in the universe.
It's always combined with other
elements.
Hydrogen is high in energy, yet an engine
that burns pure hydrogen produces almost
no pollution.
NASA has used liquid hydrogen since the
1970s to propel the space shuttle and other
rockets into orbit.
5. WHAT IS A FUEL CELL?
A Fuel Cell is an electrochemical device that
combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce
electricity, with water and heat as its by-product.
overall reaction: oxidation of a fuel by
oxygen
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)
(Hydrogen) Fuel + oxygen water
6. WHY IS FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
IMPORTANT?
Since conversion of the fuel to energy takes place via
an electrochemical process, not combustion.
It is a clean, quiet and highly efficient process- two
to three times more efficient than fuel burning.
7. How does a Fuel Cell work?
It operates similarly to a battery, but it does not
run down nor does it require recharging
As long as fuel is supplied, a Fuel Cell will produce
both energy and heat
8. A Fuel Cell consists of two catalyst coated electrodes
surrounding an electrolyte
One electrode is an anode and the other is a cathode
The process begins when Hydrogen molecules enter
the anode
The catalyst coating separates hydrogen’s negatively
charged electrons from the positively charged protons
9. The electrolyte allows the protons to pass through to
the cathode, but not the electrons
Instead the electrons are directed through an
external circuit which creates electrical current
While the electrons pass through the external circuit,
oxygen molecules pass through the cathode
There the oxygen and the protons combine with the
electrons after they have passed through the external
circuit
10. When the oxygen and the protons combine with the
electrons it produces water and heat
11. TYPES OF FUEL CELLS
Fuel Cell type Electrolyte Anode gas Cathode gas Temp
oC
Efficiency
%
Proton Ex
Membrane (PEM)
Solid polymer
membrane
Hydrogen Pure or Atm
Oxygen
75 35 - 60
Alkaline
(AFC)
Potassium
Hydroxide
Hydrogen Pure Oxygen < 80 50 - 70
Direct Methanol
( DMFC)
Solid polymer
membrane
Methanol solln
in Water
Atm Oxygen 75 35 - 40
Phosphoric Acid
(PAFC)
Phosphorus Hydrogen Atm Oxygen 210 35 - 50
Molten Carbonate
(MCFC)
Alkali Carbonate Hydrogen /
Methane
Atm Oxygen 650 40 - 55
Solid Oxide
( SOFC)
Ceramic Oxides Hydrogen /
Methane
Atm Oxygen 800 -
1000
45 - 60
12. Proton Exchange Membrane
(PEM)
This is the leading cell type for passenger
car application
Uses a polymer membrane as the electrolyte
Operates at a relatively low temperature,
about 175 degrees
Sensitive to fuel impurities
13.
14. Phosphoric Acid
This is the most commercially
developed fuel cell
It generates electricity at more than
40% efficiency
Uses liquid phosphoric acid as the
electrolyte and operates at about 450
degrees F
One main advantage is that it can use
impure hydrogen as fuel
15. Solid Oxide
Uses a hard, non-porous ceramic
compound as the electrolyte
Can reach 60% power generating
efficiency
Operates at extremely high
temperatures 1800 degrees
Used mainly for large, high
powered applications such as
industrial generating stations,
mainly because it requires such
high temperatures
16. Alkaline
Used mainly by military and space programs
Can reach 70% power generating efficiency, but considered to
costly for transportation applications
Used on the Apollo spacecraft to provide electricity and
drinking water
Uses a solution of potassium hydroxide in water as the
electrolyte and operates at 75 -160 degrees
Can use a variety of non-precious metals as catalyst at the
anode and cathode
17.
18. Regenerative Fuel Cells
Currently researched by NASA
This type of fuel cell involves a closed loop form of
power generation
Uses solar energy to separate water into hydrogen and
oxygen
Hydrogen and oxygen are fed into the fuel cell
generating electricity, heat and water
The water by product is then recirculated back to the
solar-powered electrolyser beginning the process again
19. IMPORTANCE OF HYDROGEN
Fuel Cells require highly purified
hydrogen as a fuel
Researchers are developing a wide range
of technologies to produce hydrogen
economically from a variety of resources in
environmentally friendly ways
20. Hydrogen Production
The biggest challenge regarding hydrogen production is
the cost
There are three general categories of Hydrogen
production
Thermal Processes
Electrolyte Processes
Photolytic Processes
21. Fuel Cell Technology Be Used
Transportation
Stationary Power Stations
Telecommunications
Micro Power