LIVELIHOODS RESILIENCE TOOLKIT :
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT AND
APPLYING IT IN THE FIELD
Easily accessible practical guide for communities, local authorities and other
stakeholders to strengthen livelihoods and secure them against external threats.
Contact: Julien JACOB jjacob@achesp.org IFPRI - Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security 2014
Based on DIPECHO-
funded ACF work in
South Caucasus
Capacity building in
Disaster Risk
Reduction through a
participatory, context-
specific livelihood
resilience approach
Results achieved in the project:
 Built 11 small scale
mitigation
measures/structures
 Implemented 35 livelihoods
resilience projects with new
techniques
 Helped establish DRR
groups in communities, build
their capacity and facilitate
action plans
“Analyzing your own capacity, or that of your community, allows you to address
your vulnerabilities and reduce risks through building resilience, all according to
your own priorities and those of your community through direct involvement”.

Association of International Research and
Development Centers for Agriculture
Our contribution to resilient agriculture:
Healthy, climate smart landscapes for improved
livelihoods and food security
• A newly-formed alliance with 9 founding members
• over 60 member countries, > 70% of world population
• On-going Research and Development activities in all major
geographic regions & ecosystem types
Members:
Contact: www.airca.org

PREPAREDNESS
MITIGATIONRESILIENCE
Contact: Aurelie Carmeille dcdp@et.missions-acf.org
Building resilience to drought of pastoralists and
agro-pastoralists communities in Borana through
integrated approach - Ethiopia
PROMOTION OF CULTURE OF SAFETY
- Risk, Vulnerability and Capacities Analysis
- Community Planning
- Risk Awareness campaign
- Surveillance and Early Warning System
- Capacity Building & Partnership
INTEGRATED APPROACH
- Food security and Livelihoods
Rangeland management, Asset building,
Drought resistant crop farming, Milk
marketing
- Access to Water for human &
livestock
- Nutrition and Health: Link for
malnutrition treatment, cooking
demonstration, and care practices
IMPACTS
- Increased awareness on risk management
- Increased Food security and Nutritional status
- Increased households assets
- Reduced diseases occurrence
IFPRI - Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security 2014

Building resilience for food and nutrition security
through water and soil conservation practices
Activity: Prevention and adaptation to climate change
Location: Gnagna Province (Burkina-Faso)
Donor: EuropeAid
 Soil restoration using conservation agriculture practices
 Irrigated agriculture to promote crop diversification
 Farmers access to inputs (seeds, organic fertilizers, etc.)
 Design of farm sites for vegetable and rice production
 Tree planting or assisted natural regeneration
 Building of granary adapted to local conditions
 Supporting livestock development for 500 vulnerable households
 Development of risk management plans at community level
IFPRI - Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security 2014Contact: Bader Mahaman
bmahaman@actioncontrelafaim.org

Risk-based approach to improve food safety in informal markets
What we have learned so far
• Informal markets are highly preferred
• Food safety matters to poor consumers
• Hazards don’t always matter, but risks do
• Perception is a poor guide for risk managers
• Draconian food safety policy makes things worse
• Values and cultures are more important drivers of
food safety than pathogens
• Food-borne risk is a fixable problem
Why informal markets matter
• Most of the meat, milk, eggs and fish produced in
developing countries is sold in traditional markets
• Food-borne illness and animal disease in informal
markets are of growing concern to consumers and
policymakers alike
ILRI projects on food
safety in informal
markets
use a risk-based
approach to generate
evidence of the risk to
human health posed by
informally marketed
foods and the best way
to manage risks while
retaining benefits
Contact Dr. Delia Grace, ILRI at d.grace@cgiar.org or visit
website: http://safefoodfairfood.wordpress.com

Market systems Resilience is the capacity of the market system to
mitigate, adapt to and recover from stressors and shocks without
compromising long-term competitiveness. It requires three capacities…
Absorptive capacity to cope,
Adaptive capacity to learn and adjust,
Transformative capacity to
fundamentally alter the system.
Why market systems resilience matters…
Linking people and households to markets builds resilience by increasing
incomes and assets, increasing food availability and reducing risk through
diversification. The resilience of the market system itself is also important to
ensuring the economic well-being of households and communities.
The USAID-funded Leveraging Economic Opportunities program is working to define and
identify best practices in market systems resilience. The program is implemented by
ACDI/VOCA. For more information, please contact Bronwyn Irwin at birwin@acdivoca.org
MARKET SYSTEMS RESILIENCE

Building Community Resilience to
Food and Nutrition Crises in Drought
Prone Regions
Above: Villagers from the rural settlement
of Koukatala on the border between Niger
and Mali, who are being funded in a cash-
for-work programme by Concern to build
rain harvesting systems.
Concern is taking a
5-Pathways Approach:
Resilience
Programming
Experience in
Ethiopia,
Niger and
Kenya

Check out CRS’ step-by-
step approach to building
RESILIENCE
www.crsprogramquality.org/resilience

Operationalizing sustainability: joining resilience/vulnerability
& adaptability in agricultural systems analysis
• Resilience, vulnerability and adaptability are
dominant concepts for the study of
disturbance and change (Fig 1)
• Thus targeting problem-solving implementation,
their conceptual and operational integration
could lead to more accurate portrayal of
agricultural systems
• This should base on the dynamic interaction
between resilience and vulnerability and the
resulting adaptability along a time line (Fig 2)
Daniel Callo-Concha* and Frank Ewert
Fig 2. Agricultural system (S) overall adaptability (A) as function of
the interaction of resilience (R) and vulnerability (V) across time
(t); feedback loops (dashed lines).
Fig.1. Use of resilience, vulnerability and adaptability in
scientific literature related to agricultural systems
Contact: d.callo-concha@uni-bonn.de. Center for Development
Research (ZEF), University of Bonn. Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113, Bonn,
Germany
• Despite conceptual and semantic differences,
meta-analysis of scientific publications show
fuzzy conceptual differentiation and great
methodological overlapping

Bringing food system resilience
into policy design
www.sae.ethz.ch
→ Research → Food systems
danielle.tendall@usys.ethz.ch
New research project
at ETH Zürich
(Swiss Federal Institute for
Technology)

A biomass-based value web as analytic approach to optimize
the agricultural sector’s efficiency and resilience
Interactions, trade-offs & synergies in a
biomass-based value web (schematic)
• Rising demand for food and non-food
biomass transforms agriculture from a
food to a biomass-supplying sector.
• The conventional (isolated) value-chain
approach is no longer sufficient.
• The biomass-based value web as an
analytic approach is instrumental:
• to analyze the complex system from
biomass production to final
consumption;
• to explore synergies and identify
inefficiencies in the entire biomass
sector;
• to increase the sector’s efficiency and
to pinpoint potential of resilience.
Detlef Virchow, Manfred Denich, Arnim Kuhn, Tina Beuchelt; University of Bonn; www.biomassweb.org

Improving Child Nutrition
through Grandmothers
Older Women Leaders like
grandmothers can positively influence
household decisions on infant and
young child feeding practices and
dietary diversity.
Burkina Faso: Impact of
enhanced homestead food
production on iron intake
among children 3-12
months at baseline. (Deanna
Olney et al, 2013, IFPRI impact
evaluation)
** p<0.05

Page
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
DSM’s Nutrition
Improvement Program
aspires to be your
partner of choice in
the global fight against
hidden hunger.
We offer nutritious,
safe and affordable
solutions tailored to
the needs of local
communities in the
developing world,
with a special focus
on women and
children.
Unlocking human potential
1

FRUIT & VEGETABLES
daily fruit & veg consumption = 400 g
200 g of each, daily =
 more nutritious diets
 healthier children and adults
 more resilient individuals
and households
standard weight of football = 396 g
RAW
COOKED
HOW MUCH
IS
400 GRAMS?
Nutrients in vegetables
• Improve children’s ability to
grow and learn
• Improve adults’ capacity to
work and earn
AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center promotes
vegetable consumption through
• Home and school gardens
• Recipes
• Food processing training

@SIANIAgri

Sustainable
agricultural
intensification
Resilience to conflicts
Databases and tools to
monitor food security
Arab Spatial
Iraq Spatial
Poverty and conflictResilience in Africa’s
Drylands
Livestock models for managing shocks
Adaptation strategies
PIM’s work on resilience
Access to land for
women in Northern
UgandaSafety netsInsurance for
the poor
Cash transfers
Enhancing women’s assets
to manage risk under
climate change
Policy for a food secure future
Women’s empowerment in rural India
Empowering indigenous
people through
agrobiodiversity
Food Security Portal
Strategies for adapting to climate change
Weather insurance

A Randomized Evaluation was
designed at the cluster
level and divided
recipients into 3 groups
based on what they receive:
1. Full package
2. Insurance + Loan
3. Nothing (Control Group)
31
Small scale farmers
are provided with:
1. Micro-insurance
2. Micro-loan
3. Technical
and Financial
Training
4. Food 2
Randomization allows us to
disentangle the effect of
each component of the
programme from external
factors highlighting the
effective impact of
the project
Indicators:
Food Consumption Score (FCS)
Dietary Diversity Score (DDS)
Food Consumption Coping
Strategy Index (FCCSI)
Livelihoods Coping Strategy
Index (LCSI)
Production (quantity)
Share of Consumed
vs. Sold Production
Area of Cultivation
Loan Repayment Rate (LRR)
4
Outputs and Outcomes:
Compare components’ effectiveness;
Refine activities to meet recipients needs;
Implement an evidence-based project,
with rigorous analysis
Reach more and needier recipients with the most
effective tools
Connecting Farmers To Market (F2M):
Measuring Resilience with a Randomized Evaluation
5

800 million poor
farmers cultivate
and eke out an
existence in
marginal areas
Farmers on these
lands struggle to
grow conventional
crops in sufficient
quantities to meet
both household
food security
needs, as well as
for the market
Opportunities
diverse crop-livestock-
tree systems
They provide risk
mitigation strategies
for farmers while
enabling the production
of a variety of
conventional and niche
crops at different spatial
and temporal scales and a
range of environmental
services
Building resilience in marginal
environments
White paper: Marginal Land Status -
challenges and potential contribution to the
world food and income security
www.biosaline.org
Marginal lands: poor soils slope of < 15o

Neglected and Under-utilized species (NUS) for
marginal environments
NUS can help increase agricultural production in
hot, dry, salty (marginal), and nutrient-poor
agricultural environments for food, feed and fuel
Quinoa - a highly nutritive multi-purpose crop
showed excellent potential as an alternative crop
for salt-affected areas in the Middle East
Wild halophytic
grasses
Sporobolous
virginicus and
Distichlis spicata
offer excellent
alternatives to
rehabilitate
degraded farms
and produce 66%
more yield per m3
of water under
high salinity levels
52.35
47.59
47.27
25.61
33.61
28.43
27.85
14.14
11.58
12.86
11.92
6.31
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00
P. vaginatum
D. spicata
S. virginicus
S. arabicus
Biomass (t/ha)
Species
Oven dry weight Air dry weght Fresh weight

1
Understanding climate change
impacts on crop production in MENA
marginal areas
Water resource and crop
modeling using climate
change scenarios help
understand future changes
in water and food security
Climate change
downscaling for MENA
region is critical to
identifying areas at risk
Recommended allowance
Information science
informing climate change
adaptation policy is vital
in supporting resilience in
marginal communities

Challenges and potential of non-conventional
water for marginal environments
By 2025, 1800 million
people will be living in
countries or regions with
absolute water scarcity,
and two-thirds
of the world population
could be under stress
conditions
Saline, brackish, drainage, treated waste water
and sea water have great potential for
improving agricultural production
Integrated systems (IS) is a key to improve
farm productivities under marginal
environment

Socio-economic impacts of GM crops:
the current landscape
Contact: Dr. Jaqueline Garcia-Yi, Technical University of Munich
e-mail: jaqueline.garcia-yi@tum.de
The GRACE project is funded by the European Union‘s Seventh Framework program (2012-2016)
Scientific information about the impacts of
genetically modified (GM) crops is
fragmented and of variable quality.
On-going systematic reviews of socio-
economic impacts worldwide: farmer and
consumer levels, supply chain, co-
existence and environmental economic
aspects, and food security.
Consultation with stakeholders for inputs
on: design, content, and output of the
reviews.

Soil counts – preserve it!
www.eld-initiative.org
@ELD_Initiative
ELD Online Course
mooc.eld-initiative.org
#eldmooc

www.soil-is-life.info
Discover why land and soil are essential for our future.
Visit our multimedia information platform!

Community
consumption
level is under
recommended
nutrition score
Lack of
attention on
optimizing
homeyard or
neglected area
Food and nutrition
security in
household level
can be enhanced
through a “green
house” or “family
farming”
(Presidential Directive to
the Community
January, 2011)
Availability and accessibility of food for household
Empower men and women in providing a diverse,
nutritious, and safe food for family
Support the effort in achieving MDGs and food and
nutrition security goals
Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD)
Ministry of Agriculture, the Republic of Indonesia
ISSSUES

RURAL RESILIENCE ENHANCEMENT PROJECT:
PASTORALIST COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
 No wage payment to the
community members whereby not
employing them, and
 We (donors/gvt officers) are the
ones who participate in their own
development activities.
 To accelerate their own activities,
provided tools and technical
assistances, and
 Their communal works have
increased almost double than
ever before.
PRINCIPLE: STRENGTHENING SOCIAL TIES
through enhancing their own initiated development activities
Our Essential
Means of Life
Water Pasture
Pond Construction Soil & Water Conservation
+ Pasture Production
Pasture Development

Providing A Safety Net
against Drought
Facilitating More
Productive Farming
RURAL RESILIENCE ENHANCEMENT PROJECT:
WEATHER INDEX INSURANCE
 Satellite data based design,
and affordable insurance for
smallholder farmers,
 1,286 farmers singed up with
total premium 146,350birr in
the first 2013 pilot season.
 70% of insured farmers have
shown positive changes such
as using more fertilizer and
improved seed, getting
confident and hard-work
motivated in their farming.
Resilience Enhancement
What is the weather index insurance ? Now I am insured !!

Creating Resilience through Index Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI)
INSIGHTS FROM ETHIOPIA
Index Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI)
o Designed to protect pastoralist against drought-related
livestock losses
o Contract holders receive payouts when forage condition
deteriorates blow a certain historical level
o Payouts are calculated automatically and there are no
claims to file - hence solving issues of moral hazard and
adverse selection.
How the Index Works
o Index is calculated using a measure of pasture availability recorded by satellites, called the
Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI).
o Pastoralists purchase an annual contract with possibility of payout in either March or October
o Payouts are made when the forage situation is below the worst 15 percentile
Motivation
o Drought is a covariate shock that erodes livestock assets making households fall into a
poverty trap
o Poor pastoralists have few available strategies to manage and cope with livestock
mortality risk
o Over 300,000 livestock deaths recorded due to drought in the Borana region, which is
estimated at US$ 85 million as of July 2011
o Lack of credit and insurance markets in infrastructure-deficit environments has rendered
traditional risk sharing arrangements weakened and insufficient
Motivation
o Failure of governments and international aid
agencies in delivering timely and adequate relief to
prevent adverse impact of drought
o Hence the effort to developing risk management
instruments that are both feasible, commercially
viable and potentially effective in reducing poor
pastoralists’ uninsured risk exposure
Further information:
Key Activities in Ethiopia
o Contract designing and index development by ILRI and
Cornel University
o Manuals and education material created for all stakeholders
involved in the implementation process
o Dissemination of product information through workshops
and training programmes
o Cross-border trips of elders of four ethnic groups to
Marsabit for product- awareness creation
o Oromia Insurance Company sc. (OIC) has been the
underwriting partner
o Launch of sales in collaboration with OIC, regional government Borana zone, ILRI and Cornell
University
o 405 policies have been sold through local MFIs and co-operatives acting as distribution channels
in the January/February 2014 sales window
o Further identification of innovative distribution channels and extension methods are underway to
scale up the process of IBLI uptake
Green
Good forage availability that represents above 65 percentile over a long period. This is above
normal and stable forage condition.
Yellow
Forage condition falls between 45 to 65 percentiles. The forage situation is positive but
consistently worsening.
Orange
Forage condition is between 30 and 45 percentile. The division in question is under
considerable stress but not yet serious.
Red
Forage condition is between 15 – 30 percentiles. Drought situation is serious but not yet
classified as severe. Indemnity payout will not be triggered.
Black
Severe drought condition. Forage condition represents worst 15 percentile. Indemnity payout
will be triggered if conditions persist throughout the season up to the potential payout period.
March 2009Oct 2009
Key Collaborators
March 2014

 The Resilience Alliance is a research organization that explores
the dynamics of social-ecological systems.
 Our Workbook for Practitioners provides guidance on
understanding complex systems and developing strategies to
cope with change.
 A short guide on resilient food systems is being developed
in collaboration with research partners and we are looking to
engage others with an interest in building resilience and
increasing production in agricultural systems.
 For more information please contact Jennifer Hodbod
jennifer.hodbod@asu.edu
www.resalliance.org
Assessing Resilience:
A Workbook for Practitioners

An overview of adopted coping strategies
Natural Disasters and Rural Households’ Coping Strategies:
Evidence from the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake
Impact on assets, income and consumption
Damage on housing accounts for 83% of total loss;
Income dropped by 36% in 2011;
Consumption augmented 27% in 2009.
Jin, L.1 and Chen, K.Z.2
1Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2International Food Policy Research Institute
jinlinglily@gmail.com
Income diversification:
• Within on-farm production:
increasing crop diversity;
• Within income portfolio: enhanced
likelihood of participating in
nonagricultural self-employment .
Mean Median SD
Aid from government 23,774 25,654 27,920
Relief 4,018 3,542 7,515
Cash 3,419 3,025 6,935
In-kinds 599 303 2,286
Housing subsidies 19,756 20,925 26,156
Loans 19,190 21,810 23,745
From banks 12,812 10,905 14,561
From relatives and friends 6,378 0 16,709
Private transfer 282 0 2,082
Selling assets 147 0 1,533
Letting children drop out of school 10 0 276
Total 43,055 43,360 41,198
Observations 781
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2007 2009 2011
Houses
Non-hit area Hit area
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
2007 2009 2011
Consumer Durable
Non-hit area Hit area
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
2007 2009 2011
Productive Capital Assets
Non-hit area Hit area
Differentiated trajectories of assets recovery
Value of houses in hit areas surpassed that in non-hit areas;
Expenditure on consumer durable was held back in hit areas;
Productive capital assets increased at similar pace in both areas.
Government aid and subsidized bank loans contributed to 85%
of total revenues generated by utilizing the documented coping
strategies.
Ex post labor supply:
• Women are less likely to
participate in the labor market;
• Male wage laborers
prolonged their monthly days
worked.

The Government of Ethiopia (GoE) has projected a goal scenario of 10 percent stunting
and 5 percent malnutrition levels by 2025. In order to reach this goal, the GoE will
need to increase their current decline from 1.5 percent to 2.3 percent annually.
Stunting Malnutrition: Opportunities for the Productive Safety Net Programme
Johanna Wilkes
Wilfrid Laurier University, Balsillie School of International Affairs
Questions? Contact Johanna via email at: jwilkes@balsillieschool.caThank you to Dr. Terrence
Levesque for his guidance
and support.
1.) Increase flexibility of targeting to incorporate early
adopters in the agriculture sector
•PSNP adheres to national standards focusing on
chronically hungry households, ignoring the possible
early adopters of agricultural technology
Recommendations for Increased Impact of PSNP*:
2.) Continue targeting away from harvest and planting
season to prevent workforce diversion
•Notice the upward trend leading into both the
‘meher’ and ‘belg’ harvest seasons
3.) Make distribution decisions a local matter
•Based on the barrier to food security, communities
may use cash or food for more effective nutritional
interventions
* PSNP: the Productive Safety Net Programme

The challenges:
• Kenya’s semi-arid lands experience
low, erratic rainfall
• Rising population is leading to:
- smaller farm sizes; water, tree
cover and land degradation;
and lower crop yields
• Reduced productivity from:
-price distortions, ineffective land
distribution and unfavourable
land tenure
• Poor innovation adoption among
smallholder farmers
• Exclusion of smallholder farmers
from policy-making forums
KARI-McGill Food Security Research Project
Innovating for resilient farming systems
Goal: To develop innovative strategies for accelerating large-
scale adoption and scaling-up of resilient farming systems
The project aims to:
• Understand traditional food and indigenous knowledge
systems
• Identify gendered drivers of food insecurity
• Catalyze adoption of agricultural innovations and assess their
impacts
• Assess mechanisms of up-scaling resilient farming practices
• Increase access to and consumption of nutritional, locally-
produced foods
• Enhance access to local markets and diversify household
livelihoods
• Contribute to resilience-focused policies and knowledge
dissemination for improved food security, livelihoods and
environmental sustainability across the semi-arid regions
How we work:
• 54 primary farmer groups and 133 active secondary farmer
groups organized to conduct evaluative farm trials through
experiential and peer-to-peer learning
• Farmers prioritized innovations to guide research and training
• Over 5500 farmers trained in activities about agricultural and
livestock practices, nutrition, seed production and access to
produce markets
• Changes in farmers’ participation, knowledge and practices are
monitored by the research teams
• Findings are integrated among multiple stakeholders to
examine how to better inform policy development processes
karimcgill-foodsecurity.org
Principal Investigators:
Dr. Lutta Mohammad, KARI
Dr. Gordon Hickey, McGill University Photos: IDRC/PANOS, Sven Torfinn

1
Learning from measuring resilience
Household &
community scale
Policy & institutional
scale
• Mediated self-assessment
of policymaker capacity
• Contribution analysis to
examine necessary
&sufficient conditions for
change
• Rapid reflection reviews for
implementers (Malawi and
Ethiopia)
• Involve local government in
community processes
Engage community in
using the Tracking
Adaptation and Measuring
Development approach
Sub-national
The challenge: Building resilience in an uncertain and complex environment requires an
adaptive management approach
The response: Ensuring M&E of resilience is linked to learning and drives decision-making
at multiple scales
For more information, contact kirsty-wilson@ltsi.co.uk
See: Brooks, N. Anderson, S.
Burton I. Fisher, S. Rai, N.
Tellam, I (2013), An Operational
Framework for Tracking
Adaptation and Measuring
Development, International
Institute for Environment and
Development (IIED), London.
Policy
Community

A Panarchist’s View of Climate Change and
Food Security: Stage 1 - Collapse
Mike Jones, IUCN Resilience Task Force
•Climate is a planetary “slow variable” that has
been relatively stable for 10,000 years and
provided the environmental stability necessary
for the development of sedentary agriculture
and civilization.
•Changing climate:
• will precipitate a cascade of “collapse”
creating opportunities for reorganization,
renewal and transformation at every level of
social and biological organization.
•carries the risk of widespread loss of species
and ecosystem functions that support human
livelihood.
•will result in chaotic episodes between the
collapse and reorganization phases in
individual systems.
•will result in migration and conflict as people
and species seek hospitable environments.
Climate Stability Lost
CascadingCollapse

A Panarchist’s View of Climate Change and
Food Security: Stage 2 – Transformation and Restoration
Mike Jones, IUCN Resilience Task Force
•A general approach to reducing risk, enabling
transformational change and restoration might
include the following:
•an assessment of status and trend of the
attributes of resilience at landscape scale.
•assessment of change drivers that are eroding
the stabilizing influence of “slow variables”,
like soils, forests and rangelands.
•adoption of policies that support the
development of social and technical
innovation for survival in a variable and
unpredictable environment.
•a shift from monoculture agriculture and
efficient production of commodities to agro-
ecological practices that restore land health
while producing food for local markets.
Transformation
&Restoration

Pastoralist Livelihoods, Rights and Resources
Creating Resilience to Drought for Cross Border Populations
in Kenya and Uganda’s Karamoja Cluster
Pastoralists and agropastoralists, women and
girls, disarmed youth will :
 Strengthen and diversify livelihoods
 Enhance rights and roles in natural resource
management
 Benefit from improved preparedness and
policies
Key approaches :
Contact: Muriel Calo
mcalo@actionagainsthunger.org
RESEARCH
AND
ADVOCACY
DROUGHT
RESILIENT
LIVELIHOODS
ENHANCED
GOVERNANCE,
REDUCED
CONFLICT
NATURAL
RESOURCE
MANAGEMEN
T
Nutrition
sensitive
Gender
aware
Conflict
sensitive

Pastoralist Livelihoods, Rights and Resources
Creating Resilience to Drought for Cross Border Populations
in Kenya and Uganda’s Karamoja Cluster
Pastoralists and agropastoralists, women and
girls, disarmed youth will :
 Strengthen and diversify livelihoods
 Enhance rights and roles in natural resource
management
 Benefit from improved preparedness and
policies
Key approaches :
Contact: Muriel Calo
mcalo@actionagainsthunger.org
RESEARCH
AND
ADVOCACY
DROUGHT
RESILIENT
LIVELIHOODS
ENHANCED
GOVERNANCE,
REDUCED
CONFLICT
NATURAL
RESOURCE
MANAGEMEN
T
Nutrition
sensitive
Gender
aware
Conflict
sensitive

CHAMPION WOMEN FARMERS
TO PROMOTE FOOD SECURITY
Dr. Narayan Hegde
BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune, India
Low Productivity: Cause of Food Insecurity
• Resource crunch;
• Poor access to technology and inputs;
• Exploitation due to poor value chains;
• Neglect of women farmers.
Empowerment for Prosperity
• Promotion of Producer Groups;
• Encouragement for mixed farming;
• Facilitation for backward and forward
linkages;
• Champion Women Farmers as Mentors

www.croptrust.org
Crop diversity in cropping systems:
Resiliency
Stability
Risk mitigation
Neil Palmer/CIAT IRRI

Arab Spatial 2.0
Policy information & planning tool, and open data repository for the Arab World to
promote resilience to food insecurity using over 200 indicators
1. Visualize data at
the sub-national
level, and……
plot it using charting
tools
2. Compare multiple
indicators
3. Use it as a targeting tool & to
zoom-in to points of interest
www.arabspatial.org

Programming for resilience
in conflict-affected situations
During conflict … After the fighting
stopped ...
I couldn’t escape the
legacy of the conflict …
Drought
My home was
destroyed
There were floods
My husband was
killed
Fighting was not the only
threat I faced …
I lost my land and
livelihood
I was excluded from
my community
My children couldn’t go
to school
I was a victim of
crime
SLRC’s survey in 6 countries shows how conflict and other shocks
combine to have a devastating impact on resilience
www.securelivelihoods.org
But post-conflict policies and programmes
rarely reflect just how long it takes people
to recover from conflict
But conflict programmes rarely focus
enough on other (non-conflict) shocks
that households face

SEED & GARDENS
Strengthen vulnerable
communities in
disaster areas
• Appropriate crops for disaster-prone
regions
• Garden training, including seed saving and
extension materials for women
• Distribution of vegetable seed kits
• Demonstration plots in the community
Empower WOMEN to
grow VEGETABLES for
their families
Help local FOOD SUPPLIES
recover quickly after
disasters
Increase RESILIENCE by saving
quality SEEDS for the next
season
AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center improves
livelihoods of people in
disaster-affected communities

theory.
evidence.
Address systemic gender inequality to build
resilience in households and communities.
1. Across the Sahel, we found that women, boys and girls cope and
adapt to shocks and stresses in different ways.
2. In Somalia, involvement of women in family decision making led
to greater household dietary diversity and less distressful coping.
MERCYCORPS.ORG/RESILIENCE

Climate Resilience &
Food and Nutrition
Security
Impacts
Climate change effects impact under-nutrition through multiple
pathways, including food security, water and sanitation, and care
practices.
→ Decline of agricultural production
→ Increase price volatility & instability of food supply
→ Water scarcity & increase of water-related diseases
→ Resource's competition
→ Changes in the range of infectious diseases factors
→ Risks of conflicts and migration
Contact: Sandrine Roussy
sroussy@actioncontrelafaim.org
IFPRI - Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security 2014
How does ACF respond to climate change?
Understanding
of climate-
related
challenges
Strengthening
surveillance
and early
warning
systems
Linking early
warnings to
early
response
mechanisms
Enhancing
Preparedness
in face of
climate-related
shocks and
seasonal
hardships
Managing
climate-
related risks
and
enhancing
people and
community
resilience
Conducting
advocacy
focused on
nutrition
security in
changing
climate

It is necessary to training in field small-scale agricultural producers in:
- production techniques
- plant protection from pests (insects, rodents, etc.)
- etc.
The small-scale agricultural producers are potential actors to the food security
in Western Africa
Contact : Séverin Tchibozo, Centre de Recherche pour la Gestion de la Biodiversité (CRGB)
04 B.p. 0385 Cotonou, BENIN. tchisev@yahoo.fr, www.crgbbj.org

Mapping and Visualization – Critical
means to communicating our work

TRADITIONAL AFRICAN VEGETABLES
resilience for nutrition, livelihoods and income
providing required daily
intake of vitamins A, C and
E, calcium, iron and zinc
opportunities for women
and youth to sell surplus
in peri-urban markets
quick access for
vulnerable households to
year-round healthy and
nutritious diets
nutrition livelihoods income
At its regional office for
Eastern and Southern Africa,
AVRDC – The World
Vegetable Center holds the
continent’s largest collection of
traditional African vegetables
NUTRIENTS YEAR-ROUND:
Distribution of > 2,000 home
garden seed kits with traditional
African vegetables and training
encompassing the value chain

TheTOPSProgram.org
Learn,Adapt,Apply: Improving Food Security and
Nutrition Programs
Community of Practice:
FSNNetwork.org
Technical SkillsTraining
Small Grants

2
3
1
Enhancing Resilience of Maize in Africa
Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa
DTMA is working with 13
countries across Africa and aims
to minimize impacts of drought.
• It has released 149 stress
tolerant varieties (2007-13).
• Over 2,000,000 households
benefited from improved seed
production and
delivery in 2013.
Africa’s
Yield Gap
is huge, and
drought
is a major
factor.
…leading
to happy
farmers.
African governments
need to invest heavily in
stress tolerant varieties and
mineral fertilizer to realize
full benefits.

1. INTEGRATED
CONTEXT ANALYSIS
(ICA): NATIONAL LEVEL
Identifies priority
geographical areas
2. SEASONAL
LIVELIHOOD
PROGRAMMING (SLP):
SUB-NATIONAL LEVEL
Identifies programmes
and partners
3. COMMUNITY-BASED
PARTICIPATORY
PLANNING (CBPP):
LOCAL LEVEL
Inter-sectorial
implementation plan
and community ownership
Three-pronged approach (3PA)
A WFP operational approach for building resilience and food and nutrition security
1
2
Strengthens design, planning and implementation of longer-term resilience building
programmes, developed in partnership and aligned to national and local priorities
3
BUILDING RESILIENCE
THROUGH ASSET CREATION AND
COMPLEMENTARY PROGRAMMES

Social Learning and Resilience:
An intervention that supports the experimentation, reflection and learning needed
to address complex, dynamic and non-linear challenges like food security in the
context of climate change.
 Facilitates knowledge
sharing, joint learning, and co-
creation
 Takes learning and behaviour
change beyond individuals to
networks and systems
 Iterative and adaptive
process of working
 Context-specific
 Purposeful
Find out more at http://ccsl.wikispaces.com or email e.leborgne@cgiar.org to join our Yammer group
Key features of Social
Learning
Social
learning in
research
Participatory
communications
Participatory
plant breeding
Impact
pathway
approaches
Multi-
stakeholder
platforms
Learning
alliances
Farmer field
schools
Adaptive
collaborative
managementSocial learning in
practice
Source: CCAFS Working Paper #38 Adapted from the CCSL brochure “Unlocking the potential of social learning for climate change and food security”

Chronic and transient poor face different nutritional
constraints:
Household Poverty Dynamics and Nutrition Intake
In a Lagging Region Of China: Key Findings
Nutrient Intake of Transient and Chronic
Poor
（% of recommended intake)
Most households move in and out of
poverty:
Transient Poor: 57%
Always non poor: 29%
Chronic poor: 14%
Child Malnutrition (%)
Household Poverty Dynamic Movement 5.9
35.3
2
7.8
26.7
4.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40 Poor in
2009
Non poor
in 2009
Total
Results based on 4-wave panel survey from Guizhou Province.
Zhang, Y.1, Filipski, M.2 , Chen, K.Z.2 and Diao, X.2
1Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science
2International Food Policy Research Institute
zhangyumei2006@126.com
 The chronic poor’s nutrient
intake is inadequate.
 The transient poor meet
their energy & protein needs,
but lack some of essential
nutrients.
 The non-poor also lacks
vitamins.
Long-term malnutrition
remains challenging:
 Underweight and wasting rates
(indicating short-term nutrition issues) fall
below 8%.
 The stunting rate of children under five
(indicating long-term malnutrition) was
over 25%.
92
110
126
111
68
60 62 62
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Chronic Transient Non poor All
Energy
Protein
Ca
VA
VB2

Community Vulnerability
Assessments (PRAs;
Vegetation and Land cover
Mapping)
Develop Local Adaptation
Plan of Action
Implement Adaptation
Strategies (e.g. On Farm
Trials, evaluation of resilient
crop varieties, etc.)
Evaluation of
Performance of
Adaptation Strategies
(Impact Assessments)
Enhancing Climate Change Resilience of Food
Production Systems in Pacific Islands
The Pacific Islands Communities is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change. The Secretariat of the Pacific
Community (SPC), through funding support from USAID, is collaborating with other partner agencies to evaluate and
implement innovative techniques and management approaches to increase climate change resilience of land-based food
production systems for communities in the Pacific Islands. The activities involved in the process is as shown below:

Empowers
communities with
knowledge and skills
on DRR and Climate
Change Adaptation
approaches in the
implementation of the
plans.
E-LEAP:
Strengthening Intergenerational Linkages
to Increase Resilience and Reduce Vulnerability
in Borena Zone, Ethiopia
Supports the
development and
promotion of
intergenerational
practice as a catalyst
for effective DRM at
community level.

FOOD SECURITY PORTAL
Improving Resilience to Food Price Shocks
Regional warning systems are being built to cover food price volatility in
India, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Africa South of the Sahara.
The Food Security Portal’s Excessive Variability Early Warning
System helps global policymakers react in a timely, appropriate
manner to volatile food prices, increasing countries’ resilience
against food price spikes and reactionary food trade policies like
export bans.

Securing
life after
disaster
Improving
health
Generating
employment
& market access
Creating
wealth
Enriching
agro-biodiversity
Empowering
women
Building resilience
through horticulture
GlobalHort – The Global Horticulture Initiative
Detlef Virchow, Executive Secretary
GlobalHort; dvirchow@globalhort.org
www.globalhort.org