Grade 7 CBSE NCERT Political Formation in the 18th Centuary

1. Political Formations in the 18th
Century
11
By
Akbar Ali

2. Table of Content
• Later Mughals
• Independent Kingdom
– Awadh ,Bengal, Hyderabad, The Rajputs , Sikhs
• The Marathas
– Shivaji Bhonsle, War, Administration ,
• Peshwas
– Balaji vishwanath, Baji Rao I, Third Battle of Panipat

3. Later Mughals
• Decline of Mughals
• Last famous Mughal Ruler?
• 1707 Aurangzeb died
• Bahadur Shah
• Farruksiyar – was a ruler only in name.
• Nadirshah , Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded Mughal Empire

4. Independent Kingdom
• Many regional kingdoms arose
– Awadh
– Bengal
– Hyderabad

5. Awadh
• Mughal Ruler , Muhammad Shah appointed Sadat Khan
the governor of Awadh.
• Sadat Khan was very strong, he suppressed the
rebellions
• Luknow - Capital
• He held combined office for
– Political Head ( Subdar)
– Military head ( Faujdar)
– Diwan ( Revenue)

6. Bengal
• Murhid Ali Khan –Was governor – Mughal
• Later he began to rule independently
• Capital – Murshidabad
• Administrations
– Encouraged Agriculture
– Industry, trade,
– Loans were given to poor farmers
– Later English captured this prosperous region .

7. Hyderabad
• Chin Qilich Khan was governor
• Known as “Nizamul Mulk Asaf Jah”
• Admin –
– Appointed mansabdars

8. The Rajputs
• During the period of Aurangzeb , they revolted
• Most enlightened Rajput ruler was Swami Raja
Jai Singh
– Capital – Jaipur
– Important for Science, Astronomy

9. Punjab under Sikhs
• Fought against Mughals
• Sikhs became very strong under the leadership
of Guru Gobinda Singh
• He Organised the Sikhs into a military group
called Khalsa

10. Guru Gobind Singh’s Suggestions to the people
• Kesha – hair –
– It is the symbol of spirituality
• Kangha – Comb
– Symbol of cleanliness
• Kara- Bracelet
– Acts as a reminder to stop a person from wrong things
– Etc..

11. Mysore
• Adayar kingdom
• Haider Ali & Tippu Sulthan
– Rocket used in war
• They modernised their Army
• Established arsenal at Dindigul
• Constructed many roads
• They fought against English

12. The Marathas
• Shivaji– Powerful leader
– Family
– Father – Shivaji Bonsle
– Jija Bai – Mother
– Dadaji Kondadev - Teacher

13. Shivaji & his War
• Guerrilla warfare
• Fought against
– Bijapur
– Aurangzeb
• 1674 He crowned himself as a king
• Title - Chatrapati

14. Administration
• Ashtapradhan – Council of ministers
• Peshwa – Head of council
• Senapati – Commander of Army
• Nyayadhish – Justice
• Majumdar- Finance
• Pant Sachiv – G. Secratry
• Sumanta – Foreign Affaires
• Mantri – Head of intelligence
• Dandadhyaksha – Religious matters

15. Revenue
• Collected Tax
• Two Types
– Chauth
– Sardeshmukhi
• Chauth – ¼ of the total land revenue
• Sardehsmukhi – Additional 10/1 of the land revenue.

16. The Peshawas
• It was position to equivalent of a modern
Prime Minister
• They also ruled Maratha after Shivaji
• Important Leader – Balaji Vishwanath
• Fought against to Mughals

17. Important Rulers
• Baji Rao I
• Balaji Baji Rao
Successor of Balaji Vishwanath
Conqured Malwa, Gujarath &Bundelkhand
Changed Capital from Satara to Poona

18. Third Battle of Panipat - 1761
• Between Maratha & Ahammad Shah
Abdali
• Later Marathas failed
• Ahamad Shah returned to Afgan
• It helped English East India
Company