A presentation on HIV&AIDS awareness. It useful for the Life-Orientation Educators and even anyone beacuse it has a very crucial information that can help anyone.

1. HIV/ AIDS
The 21st century pandemic
Dr Soumar Dutta
CDMO
Guwahati Refinery Hospital

2. HIV/AIDS refers to…
“Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome”
(AIDS) or a set of symptoms and
infections resulting from the damage to the
human immune system caused by the
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
This condition progressively reduces the
effectiveness of the immune system and
leaves individuals susceptible to
opportunistic infections and tumors.
2

3. Basic Definitions And Meanings
What is HIV?
HIV is “Human Immunodeficiency Virus”,it is the
virus that cause AIDS.
Human means that it affects only humans and
lives only in humans.
The virus does not live in
toilets, mosquitoes, cups, spoons, on bed sheets
or towels that people with HIV might have used.
Immunodeficiency refers to lack(deficiency) or
breakdown of immune system. The “immune
system” is the body’s resistance or the body’s
defense force for fighting off infections. 3

4. History of HIV/AIDS
HIV came from a similar virus found in chimpanzees - SIV.
HIV probably entered the United States around 1970
CDC in 1981 noticed unusual clusters of Kaposi’s sarcoma
in gay men in NY and San Francisco, which led to the
disease to be called GRID (Gay Related Immune
Deficiency).
By 1982 the disease was apparent in heterosexuals and
was renamed AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency).
1984- Scientists(Dr. Luc Montagnier, Dr. Robert Gallo)
identify HIV (initially called LAV or HTLV-III) as the cause of
AIDS
1987- AZT is the first drug approved for treating AIDS
http://www.avert.org/aids-timeline.htm

5. The Origin of AIDS and HIV
HIV came from a similar virus found in
chimpanzees - SIV.
HIV probably entered the United States
around 1970.the first recognized case of
AIDS was in the early 1980s.
HIV is a lentevirus (slow virus),which in
turn is a part of a larger group of viruses
known as retro virus
5

6. Epidemiology
Males>females
Occurs in all ages and ethnic groups
All areas of the country are affected
In some city inner areas, as many as 50% of
males are HIV positive
AIDS is now the second leading cause of death
for all men aged 25-44 years
(Unintended injuries is #1 and heart disease is
#3 for this age group)
6

7. HIV Transmission
• HIV enters the bloodstream through:
Open Cuts
Breaks in the skin
Mucous membranes
Direct injection 7

8. 8

9. You wont get HIV/Aids from:
• Air you breathe
• Public facilities like buses, telephones, drinking fountains
• Touching, shaking hands or hugging
• Sharing food, plates, cutlery, toiletseats or baths
• Sharing clothing, linen or towels
• Public swimming pools
• Pets or incests like mosquitoes and bedbugs
• Team sports unless there is bleeding wounds
• Restaurants of cafeterias
• Sharing a house with HIV person
• Going to the same school or church
• Kissing
• Donating blood

10. You might get HIV/ Aids from:
• Having unprotected sex
• Having oral sex with sores in your mouth
• Mother to unborn child
• Using contaminated drug needles
• Sharing razors or other sharp objects and toothbrushes
• Rape or sexual abuse
• Receiving contaminated donor blood

11. HIV AIDS
When a person's immune system is overwhelmed by AIDS, the symptoms can include:
extreme weakness or fatigue
rapid weight loss
frequent fevers that last for several weeks with no explanation
heavy sweating at night
swollen lymph glands
minor infections that cause skin rashes and mouth, genital, and anal sores
white spots in the mouth or throat
chronic diarrhea
a cough that won't go away
trouble remembering things

12. Signs and symptoms
List of symptoms of HIV/AIDS:
Early infection:
– More common to develop a brief flu-like illness 2-4 weeks
after becoming infected. Signs and symptoms may include:
– Fever
– Headache
– Sore throat
– Swollen lymph glands
– Rash

13. Signs and symptoms
Later infection :
 May remain symptom-free for eight or nine years or
more
You may develop mild infections or chronic
symptoms such as:
◦ Swollen lymph nodes — often one of the first signs of HIV
infection
◦ Diarrhea
◦ Weight loss
◦ Fever
◦ Cough and shortness of breath

14. At Risk Populations
 Patients who are sexually active
 Homosexual and/or bisexual
 Pregnancy
 Commercial sex workers
 Newly diagnosed with tuberculosis
 Intravenous drug users
 Healthcare workers with exposure
via needle sticks or other
occupational exposure injuries

15. Prevention of Transmission
Avoidance of direct contact with
sexual fluids
Abstinence
Safer sex & condom use
Infection control practices
Safer blood supply
Mother-to-child (MTC)
IVDU

16. Prevention
There's no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure
for AIDS. Prevention includes educating yourself about HIV and
avoiding any behavior that allows HIV-infected fluids —
blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk — into your
body.
HIV-negative Individual prevention:
Educate yourself and others.
Know the HIV status of any sexual partner.
Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have
sex.
Consider male circumcision.
Use a clean needle.
Be cautious about blood products in certain countries.
Get regular screening tests.
Don't become complacent.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hiv-aids/DS00005/DSECTION=prevention

17. Prevention
HIV positive individual prevention:
Follow safe-sex practices.
Tell your sexual partners you have HIV.
If your partner is pregnant, tell her you have HIV.
Tell others who need to know.
Don't share needles or syringes.
Don't donate blood or organs.
Don't share razor blades or toothbrushes.
If you're pregnant, get medical care right away.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hiv-aids/DS00005/DSECTION=prevention

18. Prevention Of HIV/AIDS
There's no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for AIDS.
Prevention includes educating yourself about HIV and avoiding any
behavior that allows HIV-infected fluids — blood, semen, vaginal
secretions and breast milk — into your body.
HIV-negative Individual prevention:
Educate yourself and others.
Know the HIV status of any sexual partner.
Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you
have sex.
Consider male circumcision.
Use a clean needle.
Be cautious about blood products.
Get regular screening tests.
18

19. Prevention Of HIV/AIDS
HIV positive individual prevention:
Follow safe-sex practices.
Tell your sexual partners you have HIV.
If your partner is pregnant, tell her you have HIV.
Tell others who need to know.
Don't share needles or syringes.
Don't donate blood or organs.
Don't share razor blades or toothbrushes.
If you're pregnant, get medical care right away.
19

20. ABC Strategy
Avoid exposure bstinence
Mutual faithfulness
Reduce exposure e faithful
(Partner reduction)
Block exposure
effectively ondom use
20

21. 21

22. Reference List
Vistacion, T. (2005). Principles of microbiology.
Salvation.
WHO. (2009, August 15). http://aids.about.com.
Retrieved August 15, 2009, from World Health
Organisation: http://aids.about.com
Kevin, H. (c2008.). Health issues confronting minority
men who have sex with men . New York
:Springer.
http://www.mayoclinic.com
22