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1. SHRI J.J.T. UNIVERSITY, JHUNJHUNU
STEERING SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY:- SUBMITTEDTO:-
ANIL SHARMA Mr. RAKESH DUDDI
ROLL NO- ME13402 (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
CLASS-B.TECH (ME)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2. STEERING
Defination:-
• The function of the steering system is to convert the rotary
movement of the steering wheel into angular turn of the front
wheels.

3. REQUIREMENTS OF STEERING SYSTEM
For the smooth performance of the system, the steering system
of any vehicle should fulfill the following requirements:
 It should multiply the turning effort applied on the steering
wheel by the driver.
 It should be to a certain degree irreversible so that the shocks
of the road surface encountered by the wheels are not
transmitted to the driver’s hands.

4. FUNCTION OF STEERING SYSTEM
 It helps in swinging the wheels to the left or right.
 It helps in turning the vehicle at the will of the driver.
 It provides directional stability.
 It helps in controlling wear and tear of tyres.

5. STEERING MECHANISMS
There are two types of steering gear mechanisms:
1. Davis steering gear
2. Ackermann steering gear

6. DAVIS STEERING GEAR
 The Davis gear mechanism consists
of a cross link KL sliding parallel to
another link AB and is connected to
the sub axels of the front wheels by
means of two similar bell crank
levers ACK and DBK pivoted at A
and B respectively.
 The cross link KL slides in the
bearing and carries pins at its end K
and L.

7.  The slide blocks are pivoted on these pins and move with the turning of
bell crank levers as the steering wheel is operated . When the vehicle is
running straight ,the gear is said to be in its mid- position. The short arms
AK and BL are inclined an angle 90+alpha to their stub axles AC and BD
respectively.

8. ACKERMANN STEERING GEAR
 The Ackermann steering gear
mechanism consists of a cross link KL
connected to the short axles AC and BD
of the front wheels through the short
arms AK and BL, forming bell crank
levers CAK and DBL respectively.
 When the vehicle is running straight, the
cross link KL is parallel to AB, the short
arm AK and BL both make angle to the
horizontal axis of chassis.

9. CAMBER
 The angle between the centre line of the
tyre and the vertical line when viewed
from the front of the vehicle is known as
camber.
 When the angle is outward, so that the
wheels are farther apart at the top then at
the bottom, the camber is positive.
 When the angle is inward, so that the
wheels are closer together at the top then
at the bottom, the camber is negative.
 Any amount of camber, positive or
negative, tends to case uneven tyre wear
on one side then on the other side. Camber
should not exceed 2degree.

10. TYPES OF CAMBER
ROLE OF CAMBER:- In early automobiles, the wheels were
given positive camber in order to improve durability of the
front axle, and to cause the tyres to contact the road surface
at right angles to prevent uneven tyre wear on roads where
the center of the road is higher than the edge.
ZERO CAMBER:- The main reason for adopting zero camber
is that it prevents uneven wear of tyres. If the wheels are
positive camber, the out side of the tyres turns on a shorter
radius then the inside of the tyre.

11. CASTER
 In addition to being tilted inward toward the centre of the vehicle,
the king pin axis may also be tilted forward or backward from the
vertical line.
 This tilt is known as caster. Thos, the angle between the vertical
line and the king pin center line in the plane of the wheel is called
the caster angle.
 When the top of the king pin is backward, the caster angle is
positive, and when it is forward the caster angle is negative.
 The caster angle is modern vehicles ranges from 2 to 8 degree

12. Thank You:-
WRITTRN BY-
ANIL SHARMA