Novel drug delivery system include types of nano Drug carrier used to deliver the drug at targeted site

2. Course Structure And
content For
PRACTICE
SCHOOL(BP706PS)
B.Pharm Final year
(SEM VII)
Domain -14
Novel herbal drug
delivery systems

3. A Review article by:
Kimaya Santosh Birare
Final year Bpharmacy
(1952811823013)
Guided by
Prof Anagha sarvadnya

4. Index
• Abstract
• Graphical abstract
• Introduction
• Types of novel herbal drug delivery system
1.Phytosome
2.Liposome
3.Niosome
4.Proniosome
• Marketed herbal novel drug formulation
• Conclusion
• References

5. Graphical abstract
NDDS for
plant actives
and extracts
phytos
ome
niosom
es
nanop
articles
liposome

6. Introduction
Preparations of plants or plant parts are generally utilized
in medication since old times. In todays world
phytomedicines is widespread in most of the worlds
population. Herbal drugs are becoming more popular in
this present era of world as it is applied to cure diseases
enhance the therapeutic effect of drug and reduce the
toxicity and side effects of drugs novel drug delivery
system it delivers the drug at determined rate and at the
appropriate site of action, sustained release, controlled
release. There are some limitations of herbal plants which

7. Conventional dosage forms it includes the prolong
release can cause toxicity and side effects. Traditional
dosage form cannot fulfill the requirement of novel drug
carriers such as delivering the drug at predetermined rate ,
sustained release. For the enhancement of bioavailability of
drug the herbal product must achieve a specific balance
between hydrophilicity and lipophilicity .Hydrophilic for
dissolving drug into the GIT. And lipophilic for crossing the
lipid membrane. as herbal novel drug delivery systems have
lot of potential, several researchers are working towards

8. Proniosome
• Developed in
1980
Ethosomes
• Developed in
1986
• Introduced by
Touitou et al.,
Microsphere
• Patented in
1972
• Introduced by
Sidney W. Fox

9. Phytosome
It is the novel drug system in which, phyto means plant and
some means cell. Phytosome it is the patented technology of
indena in which herbal extract is embedded in the
phospholipid complex which enhances the bioavailability of
drug the size range of phytosomal particle is <100nm.
Phytosomes are generally acceptable for poor aqueous
solubility of drug and tendency to self -aggregate
phytochemicals are prepared by reaction between
phosphatidylcholine which contain hydrophilic polar head
group and plant extract in solvent. Phyto-particles are used
as medicament and it is widespread in the field of

10. Herbal formulation in phytosomal
preparation
Herbal extract Category Application
Curcuma longa anti-oxidant Enhances
bioavailability
and anti-oxidant
property
Quercetin Dietary
supplement
Immune
supporter
Ginseng Immuno- Enhances

11. Method of preparation of phytosome
rotary evaporation method-
Herbal extract
+phospholipid
Mixed in 30 ml
miscible
organic solvent
(round bottom
flask)
Stir for 2 hours at
50 C
In Rota evaporator
Thin film layer
formation
Hydration of thin
layer
Phytosome
complex is formed
in suspension
Precipitation of
phytosom with
solvent
Phytosomes are
stored in amber
color container

12. Solvent evaporation method
The mixture of phytoconstituent and phosphatidylcholine
containing organic solvent
Mix the reaction At temperatures 40 °C At specific interval of 1
hour
Achieve maximum drug entrapment within phytosome are
formed. Thin film phytosome are separated by 100 mesh size
Stored in desiccators for overnight

13. Advantages
• It assure the predetermined rate of drug delivery to the individual
tissue
• It enhances the bioavailability of the drug and stability of the drug
• It shows best stability as there is a chemical bond between the
phytoconstituent and phosphatidylcholine
• Entrapment efficiency is high and more predetermined because
drug itself is in contact with lipids by forming vesicles
• Phytosomes are cost effective
• Phytososmal preparation are biodegradable
• Effective transdermal drug delivery

14. Liposomes
• Liposome are lipid base drug delivery system in vesicular
structure which consist of bilayers of concentric phospholipid of
size 0.05 - 5.0 micron in diameter.
• The size of small unilamellar vesicle is 20- 100 nm.
• The size of large unilamellar vesicle is >100 nm.
• Liposome delivers and release the drugs to a specific site in the
system. Liposome are prevalent formulation policy to enhance
the drug delivery and therapeutic effect of drug. Due to increase
liposomal technology a liposomal formulation are available in
clinical use.

15. For example liposomal drug delivery system in cancer
It is designed to deliver the drug to tumor cell
It consist of hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head
The surface is coated with PEG polymer
Used to improve the liposomal property
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride is anti cancer drug which is embedded into liposomes.
As they are in micro size, liposomes can penetrate vasculature of tumors which

16. Herbal Plant Category Application
Nux Vomica Anti-
inflammatory
Anti-tumor
It enhances the
stability
Artemisia Anti-viral Increase in
anti-Viral
property and
stability.
Catechins Anti-oxidants Enhances
permeation.
Capsaicin Analgesic Gives prolong
Herbal formulation in liposomal drug
delivery

17. Lipid is dissolved in
solvent and
evaporated for
15min.
Dry it till all solvent
get evaporated.
Then add 5ml of
buffer solution in
aqueous phase.
Spontaneous
liposomes are
formed.
Rotate the round
bottom flask until
lipid get remove
from the wall of
flask.
Rotate at 60rpm for
30min.
White dispersion will
occur.
Stand for few hours
to get MLV.
Method of preparation
Hand shaking method

18. Lipid+drug
Dissolve in
CHCl₃
In rotary
evaporator
Thin film
layer
formation
Sonication
Formation of
LUV
Thin film hydration

19. Advantages
• Liposome provide protection to DNA from process of
degradation.
• It enhances the bioavailability and improves the effect of drug.
• Provides high stability.
• As they have high bioavailability thus, requires few doses.
• Sustained and controlled release formulation is possible.
• Improves the pharmacokinetic effects.

20. Niosome
• Niosomes are multi-lamellar vesicles formed from nonionic
Surfactants cholesterol They are made up of both hydrophobic
and hydrophilic moieties, and thus can accommodate drug
molecules with a wide range of solubility.
• Niosome have ability to reduce systemic toxicity by
encapsulation of treatment agents and minimize clearance of
such agents from the body by slow drug release.
• Niosomes are similar to liposomes in structure which is having a
bilayer
• It entraps both hydrophobic and lipophilic drugs in aqueous or

21. • The first product of niosome was Lancôme. Introduced in aim to provide
protection and convey them to epidermal layer and cream named as
niosome.
• Which was introduce in 1987 by L’Oreal under US patent 4830857, 1989.
• Niosome pursue an optimal choice for cosmetic industry as their capability
to entrap the drug and enhances the residence time in epidermis which
makes them efficient in topical delivery.
• Niosomes are always advantageous over liposomes.

22. Method of Preparation
1 Sonication method
• In sonication method, a mixture of surfactant, cholesterol, and
aqueous phase containing the drug are sonicated at 60°C for 3
minutes.
• As a result, small and uniformly sized vesicles are produced.

23. 2 . Heating method
• This is non toxic method in which suitable aqueous medium is
added with mixture of non ionic surfactant, cholesterol or
molecules present in glycerol.
• Then resultant mixture is heated until vesicles are formed.

24. Advantages of niosome
It is non toxic.
Niosomes are easy to store Due to their chemical Stability of
structure.
They can be administered via oral ,Parenteral, topical route.
They can encapsulate large amount of materials in a small
volume of vesicles.
They can entrap wide range of hydrophilic, lipophilic and
amphiphilic drugs due to their unique structure.

25. Proniosome
• Proniosomes are unilamellar or multilamellar advance form of
niosomal technology which is applied in delivery of drug at
desire active site.
• From mid 1980’s proniosome has stand out enough to be
noticed by scientist, researcher for the utilization as drug carrier
to achieve effect of drug in body and minimizing toxicity and
adverse effect of drug and to maintain constant effect.
• Niosomes are hydrated.

26. • Niosomes are dried to form niosomal dispersion.
• These niosomes are dried by agitation method in hot aqueous
medium.
• The dehydrated product form is called as proniosome.
• They can entrap both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug.
• The drug emboided in vesicular structure of proniosome drag out
the presence of medication in systemic circulation which reduces
toxicity and enhances the penetration to the targeted tissue.
• They are physically stable during transport and storage.

27. Method of preperation
Coaservation method
Lecithin+surfact
ant+cholesterol+
drug
Suitable solvent
is added.
Mixture is
heated on water
bath at 60-70°C
Aqueous phase
is added.
Proniosomes
are formed.

28. Slurry method
Take round
bottom
flask.
Add solution
of drug+
surfactant+
cholesterol
In rotary
evaporater at
100rpm it is
heated to
40±2°C
Free flowing
proniosomal
powder is
formed.
Thin
layer

29. Marketed herbal novel drug
delivery formulation
• In market there are kind of liposomal preparation of various herbal extract for
example curcumin (turmeric) which contains anti-oxidant property reduces the
inflammation.
• Liposome increases the efficiency with cell membrane.
• Liposome are penetration enhancer cosmetochem launches HERBASEC in
market.
• The specific range incorporate that have been standardize for explicit
phytochemicals, the extract use are white tea, gurana, aloe Vera and green tea
these ingredients has anti-agening property as they have anti-oxidant effect also.
• The first product of niosome was launch by lancome for cosmetic product use for
Anti-agening.
• Phytosome technology was patented by Indena and has launch many product in
market having therapeutic benefit. Indena use the extracts of liquorice, G.biloba,
Milk thistle, green tea, grape seed etc. To produce lipid-compatible molecular

30. Conclusion
• As herbal medicine have been generally utilized in all over globe since ancient time
It has been recognized by specialist doctors, patient for these therapeutic effect and
reduces toxicity and have less adverse effect than conventional doses form.
• Novel drug delivery system overcome the patient non compliance and avoid the
repeated administration and increases the bioavailability and efficacy
• Drug researchers have moved their concentration to planning a drug delivery
system for herbal medicines using a scientific approach.
• By formulating herbal drug in nanocarriers would be a promising aide for
advancement of the progress of core remedy and will act as a promising proposal
for many pathological conditions.
• The herbal drug has a symmetrical way of interest to fabricate nanoparticles
compared to synthetic drugs
• Thus it is important to in-corporate the novel method of drug delivery in herbal

31. References
1. International journal of nano medicine, current nanomedicine 2(1):2-
16
2. Research gate herbal-phytosomal formulation 16-19
3. Journal of pharmaceutical research international 21(5)
4. Dr Michael murray- phytosome herbal support
5. Liposome- nanoscale research 2013;8(1),102 national library of
medicine (pmc)
6. Herbal drug Technology Thakur Publication , Dr.G arunachalam,
Dr.VE Ida Christi, Dr Prashant Kumar