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Greenhouse effect & Global
warming
Ravi Kumar GARRE
Contents covered
• Greenhouse effect
• Greenhouse gases
• Global warming
• Effects of global warming
• Control measures to global warming
Greenhouse effect and global warming
Greenhouse effect and global warming
Greenhouse effect
• The word greenhouse effect holds two meanings.
• One is the natural greenhouse effect which keeps
our earth’s climate normal and comfortable.
• Second one is a manmade greenhouse effect
which is an enhancement of natural greenhouse
effect.
• Made from burning fossil fuels and natural gas.
Greenhouse effect
• Greenhouse effect is the process by which
radiation from planet’s atmosphere warms the
planet’s surface to a temperature above what it
would be without this atmosphere.
• Greenhouse effect is the trapping of the sun's
warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to
the greater transparency of the atmosphere to
visible radiation from the sun than to infrared
radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
Greenhouse effect
• Earth receives energy from sun in the form of UV,
visible and near infrared radiation. About 26% of the
incoming energy is reflected to space by atmosphere.
• Most of the remaining energy is absorbed at the
surface of the earth and radiated into atmosphere.
• Few gases in atmosphere are active in radiating
energy. These gases radiate energy in all directions.
• Part of this radiation is directed towards the earth’s
surface and warming it. This phenomenon is called as
greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse gases
• Carbon dioxide
• Methane
• Nitrous oxide
• Chlorofluorocarbons
• Ozone
Greenhouse gases
Carbon dioxide
• Sources – fossil fuel burning, deforestation
and plant burning.
• Average time in troposphere – 50 to 120
years.
• Approximately 18 billion tons of carbon
dioxide is added to the atmosphere every
year.
• It is raising at a rate of 0.5% per year.
Greenhouse gases
Methane
• The sources – coal mines, burning of coal, land
fills, gas leaks from oil, oil production, decay of
organic matter under anaerobic conditions.
• Average time in troposphere – 10 to 12 years.
• Can cause greenhouse effect 23 times greater
than that of carbon dioxide.
Greenhouse gases
Nitrous oxide
• Sources – fossil fuel burning, fertilizers, live
stock wastes and nylon production.
• Average time in troposphere – 114 to 120
years.
• Can cause greenhouse effect 296 times
greater than that of carbon dioxide.
• It is raising at rate of 0.3% per year.
Greenhouse gases
Chlorofluorocarbons
• Sources – A.C.s, refrigerators, plastic foams, etc.
• Average time in troposphere – 11 to 120 years.
• It can cause greenhouse effect 900 to 8300 times
greater than that of carbon dioxide.
• Hydro chlorofluorocarbons can be in troposphere
around 9 to 390 years. They can cause
greenhouse effect 700 to 2000 times greater than
that of carbon dioxide.
Global warming
• The increase of atmospheric temperature near earth’s
surface as a result of greenhouse effect is called as global
warming.
• The reasons for global warming are:
 Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in
atmosphere.
 Rise in population and urbanization
 Industrialization
 Deforestation
 Burning of vegetation and other organic materials
 Use of inorganic fertilizers which release nitrous oxide
into atmosphere
Global warming
Effects of global warming
• Shows various effects on agricultural fields
and decrease the yield of agriculture.
• Changes in forest types and their behaviour,
increase in frequency of forest fires and loss of
wild life.
• Extreme changes in climate and increase heat
waves and droughts.
• Causes heavy rainfall in some areas and heavy
droughts in some areas.
Effects of global warming
Effects of global warming
• Decreases availability of water resources and
decline in water quality.
• disruption of eco-system, loss bio-diversity,
changes in species pattern and genetic disorders
on large scale.
• Health/ mental disturbances, respiratory
diseases, allergies, water pollution, increase in
death rate, etc.
• Effects nutrient cycles i.e. carbon cycle, sulphur
cycle, phosphorous cycle and nitrogen cycle in
water and atmosphere.
Effects of global warming
Control measure to global warming
• Reduce deforestation
• planting more trees
• Developing a way to sustainable agriculture
• Sequester carbon dioxide in deep oceans
• Drastic reduction in consumption of fossil fuels
especially coal
• Increased dependence on renewable energy
sources
• Limit human population to urban areas
• Following environmentally compatible life style
Thank you

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Greenhouse effect and global warming

  • 1. Greenhouse effect & Global warming Ravi Kumar GARRE
  • 2. Contents covered • Greenhouse effect • Greenhouse gases • Global warming • Effects of global warming • Control measures to global warming
  • 5. Greenhouse effect • The word greenhouse effect holds two meanings. • One is the natural greenhouse effect which keeps our earth’s climate normal and comfortable. • Second one is a manmade greenhouse effect which is an enhancement of natural greenhouse effect. • Made from burning fossil fuels and natural gas.
  • 6. Greenhouse effect • Greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from planet’s atmosphere warms the planet’s surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere. • Greenhouse effect is the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
  • 7. Greenhouse effect • Earth receives energy from sun in the form of UV, visible and near infrared radiation. About 26% of the incoming energy is reflected to space by atmosphere. • Most of the remaining energy is absorbed at the surface of the earth and radiated into atmosphere. • Few gases in atmosphere are active in radiating energy. These gases radiate energy in all directions. • Part of this radiation is directed towards the earth’s surface and warming it. This phenomenon is called as greenhouse effect.
  • 8. Greenhouse gases • Carbon dioxide • Methane • Nitrous oxide • Chlorofluorocarbons • Ozone
  • 9. Greenhouse gases Carbon dioxide • Sources – fossil fuel burning, deforestation and plant burning. • Average time in troposphere – 50 to 120 years. • Approximately 18 billion tons of carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere every year. • It is raising at a rate of 0.5% per year.
  • 10. Greenhouse gases Methane • The sources – coal mines, burning of coal, land fills, gas leaks from oil, oil production, decay of organic matter under anaerobic conditions. • Average time in troposphere – 10 to 12 years. • Can cause greenhouse effect 23 times greater than that of carbon dioxide.
  • 11. Greenhouse gases Nitrous oxide • Sources – fossil fuel burning, fertilizers, live stock wastes and nylon production. • Average time in troposphere – 114 to 120 years. • Can cause greenhouse effect 296 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. • It is raising at rate of 0.3% per year.
  • 12. Greenhouse gases Chlorofluorocarbons • Sources – A.C.s, refrigerators, plastic foams, etc. • Average time in troposphere – 11 to 120 years. • It can cause greenhouse effect 900 to 8300 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. • Hydro chlorofluorocarbons can be in troposphere around 9 to 390 years. They can cause greenhouse effect 700 to 2000 times greater than that of carbon dioxide.
  • 13. Global warming • The increase of atmospheric temperature near earth’s surface as a result of greenhouse effect is called as global warming. • The reasons for global warming are:  Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in atmosphere.  Rise in population and urbanization  Industrialization  Deforestation  Burning of vegetation and other organic materials  Use of inorganic fertilizers which release nitrous oxide into atmosphere
  • 15. Effects of global warming • Shows various effects on agricultural fields and decrease the yield of agriculture. • Changes in forest types and their behaviour, increase in frequency of forest fires and loss of wild life. • Extreme changes in climate and increase heat waves and droughts. • Causes heavy rainfall in some areas and heavy droughts in some areas.
  • 16. Effects of global warming
  • 17. Effects of global warming • Decreases availability of water resources and decline in water quality. • disruption of eco-system, loss bio-diversity, changes in species pattern and genetic disorders on large scale. • Health/ mental disturbances, respiratory diseases, allergies, water pollution, increase in death rate, etc. • Effects nutrient cycles i.e. carbon cycle, sulphur cycle, phosphorous cycle and nitrogen cycle in water and atmosphere.
  • 18. Effects of global warming
  • 19. Control measure to global warming • Reduce deforestation • planting more trees • Developing a way to sustainable agriculture • Sequester carbon dioxide in deep oceans • Drastic reduction in consumption of fossil fuels especially coal • Increased dependence on renewable energy sources • Limit human population to urban areas • Following environmentally compatible life style