very productive for students of social sciences. it helps them to understand research methodology properly

1. Topic;
Qualitative Research, Design and its Tools
By;
M.Phil. Scholar Muhammad Farooq from the
University of the Balochistan
Contact# 03338804274

2. Qualitative Research
• Qualitative Research…involves finding out
what people think, and how they feel - or at
any rate, what they say they think and how
they say they feel. This kind of information is
subjective. It involves feelings and
impressions, rather than numbers’.
• Data is in the form of words, pictures, but mot
in numbers

3. • use and collection of a variety of empirical
materials - case study, personal experience,
introspective, life story, interview,
observational, historical, interactional, and
visual texts-that describe routine and
problematic moments and meanings in
individuals lives.

4. Qualitative Research Method
Qualitative methods generally aim to
understand the experiences, opinions and
attitudes of individuals, the community etc .
These methods aim to answer questions about
‘how’ or ‘why’ of a phenomenon.
It is effective in obtaining culturally specific
information about values and behaviors

5.  also effective in identifying intangible
factores related to gender roles, ethnicity and
religion

6. This approach is preferable
 To Understand the perspectives of
participants
To Explore the meaning they give to
phenomena
 Observe a process in depth...

7. Tools for Data collection
• Qualitative interviews may involve one-to one
interactions, larger group interviews or focus
groups, and may take place face to face, or
over the telephone or the Internet.
• Interviews, Focus Group Discussion, Observation
• Learn a lot without any limitation on response
• Huge information collected

8. Thematical Analysis of Data
• A thematic analysis is one that looks across all
the data to identify the common issues that
recur, and identify the main themes that
summarise all the views you have collected.
This is common method for descriptive
qualitative projects.
• Large number of respondents are required in
order to reach objectivity

9. Qualitative Research Designs
Four major types of qualitative research designs
include;
• Phenomenology
• Ethnography
• Ground theory
• Case study

10. Phenomenology
• Study of phenomena- describing something
that exist as a part of the world
• Phenomena might be
-an event, a situation, an experience or a concept

11. Ethnography
• It is a methodolgy for descriptive studies of
cultures and people

12. Strength
• The main strengths of qualitative data
collection are that it provides
• rich and detailed information about affected
populations
• in depth analysis of the impact of an
emergency
• a data collection process which requires
limited numbers of respondents

13. Weaknesses
• results in data which is not objectively
verifiable
• requires a labour intensive analysis process
(categorization, recoding, etc.)
• needs skilled interviewers to successfully carry
out the primary data collection activities

14. Ground Theory
• Development of a new theory through the
collection and analysis of data about a
phenomenon
• Various data collection techniques are used
-literature review, documentary analysis,
interviews and observation.

15. Case Study
• In-depth analysis od a single or small number
of units
• As a research design it offers rich and in-depth
information which is not usually offered by
other methods