1. NEOPLASIA
Uncontrolled uncoordinated
cell division non responsive
.to growth controls

2. :Benign Malignant
 Well circumscribed,  Not well cirumscribed,
 Usually small in size,  Usually larger in size,
 Slow growing,  Fast growing,
 capsulated,  non capsulated,
 Non-invasive  Invasive & Infiltrate
 No hge. and necrosis  He and necrosis.
 do not metastasize,  Metastasize.
 well differentiated,  poorly differentiated,
 suffix “oma” eg.  Suffix “Carcinoma” or
Fibroma. “Sarcoma”

3. Signs of malignancy
Cellular
Nuclear
 Dysplasia (different
from tissue of origin)  Large nuclei
 Disorganization  Hyperchromasia.
 Loss of polarity.  N/C ratio high.
 Pleomorphism  Pleomorphic nuclei.
(variable in size and  Prominent nucleoli.
shape)  Frequent mitoses.
 Loss of cohesion.  Abnormal mitotic
 Presence of giant figures.
cells

4. Tumor Diagnosis
 History and Clinical examination
 Imaging - X-Ray, US, CT, MRI
 Biopsy –
– Conventional histopathology: Paraffin sections stained with ordinary
stains
– Frozen sections: Intra-operativeexamination of frozen tissue
sections.
– Immunohistochemistry: Paraffin or frozen sections stained for
markers.
 Cytology –
– Exfoliative cytology : study of cells shedded in body fluids.
– FNAB: Aspiration of cells from tumor masses.
 Tumor markers: Blood laboratory analysis
 Molecular Tech (DNA studies)
– Gene re-arrangement studies ( in lymphoma)
– DNA quantitation by image analaysis or flow cytometry.

5. Benign Malignant

11. Slides of the week
Benign Epithelial Tumours
 Squamous cell papilloma.
 Adenoma intestine.
 Pericanalicular fibroadenoma.
 Intracanalicular fibroadenoma.

12. Papilloma
 Squamous cell papilloma(1)
.skin
Columnar cell papilloma(2)
as :Duct papilloma of breast

13. Squamous cell Papilloma
.Benign tumors of surface epithelium
:Grossly
Non capsulated, projectingvillous-like from
.the surface, sessile or pedunculated
:Microsciopically
Vascularized connective tissue core
.covered with proliferating epithelium
.
[-

14. Squamous cell papilloma

15. Squamous cell papilloma

16. Squamous cell papilloma

17. Squamous cell papilloma

18. Squamous cell papilloma

19. Duct Papilloma, Breast

20. Adenoma
.Benign tumor arising from columnar epithelium
Grossly: Capsulated, round or oval mass with a
.solid or cystic cut section
:Histological types
.: proliferating acini with stromaSimple adenoma(1)
: proliferating acini+Fibroadenoma(2)
proliferatingstroma.( (Breast
: proliferating acini with dilatedCystadenoma(3)
acini forming cysts.((Ovary
: cystadenoma withPapillary cystadenoma(4)
the epithelial lining forming.papillae

21. Adenoma of intestine
 Benign tumour formed of 
 1-proliferating intestinal mucosal
glands lined with columnar
epithelial cells and slightly variable in
size
 2- Glands separated by vascularized
connective tissue stroma.

23. Adenomatous polyp - Colon

24. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

25. Intestinal adenoma,Villous type

27. Adenoma

28. Adenoma

29. Fibroadenoma of the breast
* Mixed Tumour formed of  epithelial and stromal
elements
•Most common breast tumor in adolescent and young adult
women (peak age = third decade).
• Higher incidence in black patients
• Well-circumscribed, freely movable (Breast mouse), non
painful mass
• Regress with age if left untreated (hormonal-dependent T).
•2 Types :
1- intracanalicular pattern. Compressed ducts
2-pericanalicular growth . Opened ducts .

30. Breast Fibroadenoma

31. Pericanalicular fibroadenoma
Tumor is capsulated
Tumor consists of:
1-  Opened proliferating breast ducts
 lined with an inner columnar and outer
myoepithelial cells.
2- Ducts are separated by loose myxoid
connective tissue stroma.

32. Pericanalicular fibroadenoma

33. Intracanalicular fibroadenoma
* Tumor is capsulated
• Tumor consists of 
• 1- Compressed proliferating breast
ducts that are lined with an inner
columnar and outer myoepithelial
cells.
• 2- Ducts are separated by  loose
myxoid connective tissue stroma.

34. Intracanalicular Fibroadenoma