1. Republic Act 8353
The Anti-Rape Law of 1997
"AN ACT EXPANDING THE DEFINITION OF THE CRIME OF RAPE,
RECLASSIFYING THE SAME AS A CRIME AGAINST PERSONS, AMENDING FOR
THE PURPOSE ACT NO. 3815, AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE
REVISED PENAL CODE, AND FOR THE PURPOSES"
Section 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as "The Anti-Rape Law of 1997."
Sec. 2. Rape as a Crime Against Persons. - The crime of rape shall hereafter be
classified as a Crime Against Persons under Title Eight of Act No. 3815, as amended,
otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code. Accordingly, there shall be incorporated
into Title Eight of the same Code a new chapter to be known as Chapter Three on
Rape, to read as follows:
"Chapter Three"
"Rape"
"Article 266-A. Rape: When And How Committed. - Rape is committed:
"1) By a man who shall have carnal knowledge of a woman under any of the
following circumstances:
"a) Through force, threat, or intimidation;
"b) When the offended party is deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious;
"c) By means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of authority; and
"d) When the offended party is under twelve (12) years of age or is demented,
even though none of the circumstances mentioned above be present.
"2) By any person who, under any of the circumstances mentioned in paragraph 1
hereof, shall commit an act of sexual assault by inserting his penis into another
person's mouth or anal orifice, or any instrument or object, into the genital or anal orifice
of another person.
"Article 266-B. Penalty. - Rape under paragraph 1 of the next preceding article shall
be punished by reclusion perpetua.
"Whenever the rape is committed with the use of a deadly weapon or by two or more
persons, the penalty shall be reclusion perpetua to death.
"When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has become insane, the
penalty shall become reclusion perpetua to death.
"When the rape is attempted and a homicide is committed by reason or on the occasion
thereof, the penalty shall be reclusion perpetua to death.

2. "When by reason or on the occasion ofthe rape, homicide is committed, the penalty
shall be death.
"The death penalty shall also be imposed if the crime of rape is committed with any of
the following aggravating/qualifying circumstances:
"l) When the victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a parent,
ascendant, step-parent, guardian, relative by consanguinity or affinity within the third
civil degree, or the common-law spouse of the parent of the victim;
"2) When the victim is under the custody of the police or military authorities or any law
enforcement or penal institution;
"3) When the rape is committed in full view of the spouse, parent, any of the children or
other relatives within the third civil degree of consanguinity;
"4) When the victim is a religious engaged in legitimate religious vocation or calling and
is personally known to be such by the offender before or at the time of the commission
of the crime;
"5) When the victim is a child below seven (7) years old;
"6) When the offender knows that he is afflicted with the Human Immuno-Deficiency
Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or any other sexually
transmissible disease and the virus or disease is transmitted to the victim;
"7) When committed by any member of the Armed Forces of the Philippines or paramilitary units thereof or the Philippine National Police or any law enforcement agency or
penal institution, when the offender took advantage of his position to facilitate the
commission of the crime;
"8) When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has suffered permanent
physical mutilation or disability;
"9) When the offender knew of the pregnancy of the offended party at the time of the
commission of the crime; and
"10) When the offender knew of the mental disability, emotional disorder and/or physical
handicap of the offended party at the time of the commission of the crime.
"Rape under paragraph 2 of the next preceding article shall be punished by prision
mayor.
"Whenever the rape is committed with the use of a deadly weapon or by two or more
persons, the penalty shall be prision mayor to reclusion temporal.
"When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has become insane, the
penalty shall be reclusion temporal.
"When the rape is attempted and a homicide is committed by reason or on the occasion
thereof, the penalty shall be reclusion temporal to reclusion perpetua.
"When by reason or on the occasion ofthe rape, homicide is committed, the penalty
shall be reclusion perpetua.

3. What is R.A 7877
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Also known as Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
This law declares as unlawful all forms of sexual harassment in school and in
places of work.
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It penalizes or punishes the offender after judgment by a court of Law and also
allows the punishment of any offender under the rules and regulations that a
school or place of work may adopt in accordance with the provisions of the law
itself.
Section 1. School Personnel
This refers to all persons workwing for Holy Angel University, and includes the following:
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Teaching Staff- actually engaged in the teaching service;
School Administrators- the school head or the chief operating officer of a school
or in general, those who are duly appointed (and occupying) a position of
responsibility involved in both policy-formulation and implementation;
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Academic Non-Teaching Personnel- any employee possessing certain
prescribed academic functions directly supportive of teaching, such as librarians,
guidance counselor, researchers, research assistants, and the like;
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Non-Academic Personnel- any employee who does not fall under the definition
and coverage of teaching staff, administrators and academic non-teaching
personnel.
The University shall be considered both as a place of study and a place of work.
Section 2. Sexual Harassment
Sexual harassment is committed by an employer, agent of the employer, manager,
supervisor, employee, instructor, coach, trainor or any other person who having
authority, influence, moral ascendancy or physical superiority over another in a
work/educational environment demands, requests or requires any sexual favor from
another, whether or not the other person accepts the demand, request or requirement.
Forms of sexual harassment include:
Forms of Sexual Harassment:
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Unwelcome sexual advances
Repeated sexually oriented kidding, teasing, joking or flirting;
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Verbal abuse of a sexual nature;
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Graphic commentary aboutan individual’s body, sexual prowess or sexual
deficiencies;
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Leering, whistling, touching, pinching or brushing against another’s body;
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Displaying objects which are sexual in nature that would create a hostile or
offensive environment;

4. •
Serious physical abuses such as sexual assault and rape;
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Persistent and unwanted attempts to change an educational or professional
relationship to a personal or intimate one.
Section 3. When Sexual Harassment is Committed
In a school-as-a-place-of-study setting, sexual harassment is committed:
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Against one who is under the care, custody or supervision of the offender;
Against one whose education, training, apprenticeship or tutorship of the victim is
entrusted to the offender;
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The sexual favor is made a condition to the giving of a passing grade, or the
granting of honors and/or scholarships, or the payment of a stipend, allowance or
other benefits, privileges or considerations;
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The sexual advances result in an intimidating hostile or offensive environment
fort the student/trainee/apprentice.
In a school-as-a-place-of-work setting, sexual harassment is committed:
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The sexual favor is made as a condition in the hiring or in the employment, reemployment or continued employment of the victim;
The sexual favor leads to the granting of favorable compensation, terms,
conditions, promotions or privileges;
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The refusal to grant the sexual favor results in the limiting, segregating or
classifying the employee in a way that will discriminate, deprive or diminish
employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect said employee;
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The sexual favor or its refusal impairs the employee’s rights or privileges under
existing labor laws;
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The sexual favor or its refusal results in an intimidating hostile or offensive for the
employee.
Sexual harassment can be verbal, visual or physical. It can be overt, as in the
suggestion that a person could get a higher grade or a salary increase by submission to
sexual advances. The suggestion need not be direct or explicit, it can be implied from
the conduct, circumstances and relationship of the person involved.
Republic Act No. 9208
May 26, 2003
AN ACT TO INSTITUTE POLICIES TO ELIMINATE TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
ESPECIALLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN, ESTABLISHING THE NECESSARY
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR THE PROTECTION AND SUPPORT OF
TRAFFICKED PERSONS, PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR ITS VIOLATIONS, AND
FOR OTHER
Section 1. Title. This Act shall be known as the "Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of
2003".

5. Section 2. Declaration of Policy. � It is hereby declared that the State values the
dignity of every human person and guarantees the respect of individual rights. In pursuit
of this policy, the State shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures and
development of programs that will promote human dignity, protect the people from any
threat of violence and exploitation, eliminate trafficking in persons, and mitigate
pressures for involuntary migration and servitude of persons, not only to support
trafficked persons but more importantly, to ensure their recovery, rehabilitation and
reintegration into the mainstream of society.
It shall be a State policy to recognize the equal rights and inherent human dignity of
women and men as enshrined in the United Nations Universal Declaration on Human
Rights, United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, United Nations
Convention on the Protection of Migrant Workers and their Families. United Nations
Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime Including its Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children and all
other relevant and universally accepted human rights instruments and other
international conventions to which the Philippines is a signatory.
Section 3. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Act:
(a) Trafficking in Persons - refers to the recruitment, transportation, transfer or
harboring, or receipt of persons with or without the victim's consent or
knowledge, within or across national borders by means of threat or use of force,
or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power or of
position, taking advantage of the vulnerability of the person, or, the giving or
receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having
control over another person for the purpose of exploitation which includes at a
minimum, the exploitation or the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual
exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, servitude or the removal or sale of
organs.
The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of a child for the
purpose of exploitation shall also be considered as "trafficking in persons" even if
it does not involve any of the means set forth in the preceding paragraph.
(b) Child - refers to a person below eighteen (18) years of age or one who is over
eighteen (18) but is unable to fully take care of or protect himself/herself from
abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because of a physical or
mental disability or condition.
(c) Prostitution - refers to any act, transaction, scheme or design involving the
use of a person by another, for sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct in
exchange for money, profit or any other consideration.
(d) Forced Labor and Slavery - refer to the extraction of work or services from
any person by means of enticement, violence, intimidation or threat, use of force
or coercion, including deprivation of freedom, abuse of authority or moral
ascendancy, debt-bondage or deception.
(e) Sex Tourism - refers to a program organized by travel and tourism-related
establishments and individuals which consists of tourism packages or activities,
utilizing and offering escort and sexual services as enticement for tourists. This

6. includes sexual services and practices offered during rest and recreation periods
for members of the military.
(f) Sexual Exploitation - refers to participation by a person in prostitution or the
production of pornographic materials as a result of being subjected to a threat,
deception, coercion, abduction, force, abuse of authority, debt bondage, fraud or
through abuse of a victim's vulnerability.
(g) Debt Bondage - refers to the pledging by the debtor of his/her personal
services or labor or those of a person under his/her control as security or
payment for a debt, when the length and nature of services is not clearly defined
or when the value of the services as reasonably assessed is not applied toward
the liquidation of the debt.
(h) Pornography - refers to any representation, through publication, exhibition,
cinematography, indecent shows, information technology, or by whatever means,
of a person engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or any
representation of the sexual parts of a person for primarily sexual purposes.
(i) Council - shall mean the Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking created
under Section 20 of this Act.
Section 10. Penalties and Sanctions. - The following penalties and sanctions are
hereby established for the offenses enumerated in this Act:
(a) Any person found guilty of committing any of the acts enumerated in Section
4 shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment of twenty (20) years and a fine of not
less than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00) but not more than Two million
pesos (P2,000,000.00);
(b) Any person found guilty of committing any of the acts enumerated in Section
5 shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment of fifteen (15) years and a fine of not
less than Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) but not more than One
million pesos (P1,000,000.00);
(c) Any person found guilty of qualified trafficking under Section 6 shall suffer the
penalty of life imprisonment and a fine of not less than Two million pesos
(P2,000,000.00) but not more than Five million pesos (P5,000,000.00);
(d) Any person who violates Section 7 hereof shall suffer the penalty of
imprisonment of six (6) years and a fine of not less than Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00);
(e) If the offender is a corporation, partnership, association, club, establishment
or any juridical person, the penalty shall be imposed upon the owner, president,
partner, manager, and/or any responsible officer who participated in the
commission of the crime or who shall have knowingly permitted or failed to
prevent its commission;

7. (f) The registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and
license to operate of the erring agency, corporation, association, religious group,
tour or travel agent, club or establishment, or any place of entertainment shall be
cancelled and revoked permanently. The owner, president, partner or manager
thereof shall not be allowed to operate similar establishments in a different name;
(g) If the offender is a foreigner, he shall be immediately deported after serving
his sentence and be barred permanently from entering the country;
(h) Any employee or official of government agencies who shall issue or approve
the issuance of travel exit clearances, passports, registration certificates,
counseling certificates, marriage license, and other similar documents to
persons, whether juridical or natural, recruitment agencies, establishments or
other individuals or groups, who fail to observe the prescribed procedures and
the requirement as provided for by laws, rules and regulations, shall be held
administratively liable, without prejudice to criminal liability under this Act. The
concerned government official or employee shall, upon conviction, be dismissed
from the service and be barred permanently to hold public office. His/her
retirement and other benefits shall likewise be forfeited; and
(i) Conviction by final judgment of the adopter for any offense under this Act shall
result in the immediate rescission of the decree of adoption.
Section 11. Use of Trafficked Persons. - Any person who buys or engages the services
of trafficked persons for prostitution shall be penalized as follows:
(a) First offense - six (6) months of community service as may be determined by
the court and a fine of Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00); and
(b) Second and subsequent offenses - imprisonment of one (1) year and a fine of
One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00).
Republic Act 9262
Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004
"THE ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN ACT OF 2004"
SECTION 1. Short Title.- This Act shall be known as the "Anti-Violence Against
Women and Their Children Act of 2004."
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy.- It is hereby declared that the State values the
dignity of women and children and guarantees full respect for human rights. The State
also recognizes the need to protect the family and its members particularly women and
children, from violence and threats to their personal safety and security.
Towards this end, the State shall exert efforts to address violence committed against
women and children in keeping with the fundamental freedoms guaranteed under the
Constitution and the Provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the
convention on the Elimination of all forms of discrimination Against Women, Convention
on the Rights of the Child and other international human rights instruments of which the
Philippines is a party.

8. SECTION 3. Definition of Terms.- As used in this Act:
(a) "Violence against women and their children" refers to any act or a
series of acts committed by any person against a woman who is his wife,
former wife, or against a woman with whom the person has or had a
sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he has a common child, or
against her child whether legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the
family abode, which result in or is likely to result in physical, sexual,
psychological harm or suffering, or economic abuse including threats of
such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary deprivation
of liberty. It includes, but is not limited to, the following acts:
A. "Physical Violence" refers to acts that include bodily or physical harm;
B. "Sexual violence" refers to an act which is sexual in nature, committed against a
woman or her child. It includes, but is not limited to:
a) Rape, sexual harassment, acts of lasciviousness, treating a woman or her child as a
sex object, making demeaning and sexually suggestive remarks, physically attacking
the sexual parts of the victim's body, forcing her/him to watch obscene publications and
indecent shows or forcing the woman or her child to do indecent acts and/or make films
thereof, forcing the wife and mistress/lover to live in the conjugal home or sleep together
in the same room with the abuser;
b) Acts causing or attempting to cause the victim to engage in any sexual activity by
force, threat of force, physical or other harm or threat of physical or other harm or
coercion;
c) Prostituting the woman or child.
C. "Psychological violence" refers to acts or omissions causing or likely to cause
mental or emotional suffering of the victim such as but not limited to intimidation,
harassment, stalking, damage to property, public ridicule or humiliation, repeated verbal
abuse and mental infidelity. It includes causing or allowing the victim to witness the
physical, sexual or psychological abuse of a member of the family to which the victim
belongs, or to witness pornography in any form or to witness abusive injury to pets or to
unlawful or unwanted deprivation of the right to custody and/or visitation of common
children.
D. "Economic abuse" refers to acts that make or attempt to make a woman financially
dependent which includes, but is not limited to the following:
1. Withdrawal of financial support or preventing the victim from engaging in any
legitimate profession, occupation, business or activity, except in cases wherein the
other spouse/partner objects on valid, serious and moral grounds as defined in Article
73 of the Family Code;
2. Deprivation or threat of deprivation of financial resources and the right to the use and
enjoyment of the conjugal, community or property owned in common;

9. 3. Destroying household property;
4. Controlling the victims' own money or properties or solely controlling the conjugal
money or properties.
(b) "Battery" refers to an act of inflicting physical harm upon the woman or her child
resulting to the physical and psychological or emotional distress.
(c) "Battered Woman Syndrome" refers to a scientifically defined pattern of
psychological and behavioral symptoms found in women living in battering relationships
as a result of cumulative abuse.
(d) "Stalking" refers to an intentional act committed by a person who, knowingly and
without lawful justification follows the woman or her child or places the woman or her
child under surveillance directly or indirectly or a combination thereof.
(e) "Dating relationship" refers to a situation wherein the parties live as husband and
wife without the benefit of marriage or are romantically involved over time and on a
continuing basis during the course of the relationship. A casual acquaintance or
ordinary socialization between two individuals in a business or social context is not a
dating relationship.
(f) "Sexual relations" refers to a single sexual act which may or may not result in the
bearing of a common child.
(g) "Safe place or shelter" refers to any home or institution maintained or managed by
the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) or by any other agency or
voluntary organization accredited by the DSWD for the purposes of this Act or any other
suitable place the resident of which is willing temporarily to receive the victim.
(h) "Children" refers to those below eighteen (18) years of age or older but are
incapable of taking care of themselves as defined under Republic Act No. 7610. As
used in this Act, it includes the biological children of the victim and other children under
her care.
SECTION 5. Acts of Violence Against Women and Their Children.- The crime of
violence against women and their children is committed through any of the following
acts:
(a) Causing physical harm to the woman or her child;
(b) Threatening to cause the woman or her child physical harm;
(c) Attempting to cause the woman or her child physical harm;
(d) Placing the woman or her child in fear of imminent physical harm;
(e) Attempting to compel or compelling the woman or her child to engage in conduct
which the woman or her child has the right to desist from or desist from conduct which
the woman or her child has the right to engage in, or attempting to restrict or restricting
the woman's or her child's freedom of movement or conduct by force or threat of force,

10. physical or other harm or threat of physical or other harm, or intimidation directed
against the woman or child. This shall include, but not limited to, the following acts
committed with the purpose or effect of controlling or restricting the woman's or her
child's movement or conduct:
(1) Threatening to deprive or actually depriving the woman or her child of custody to
her/his family;
(2) Depriving or threatening to deprive the woman or her children of financial support
legally due her or her family, or deliberately providing the woman's children insufficient
financial support;
(3) Depriving or threatening to deprive the woman or her child of a legal right; and
(4) Preventing the woman in engaging in any legitimate profession, occupation,
business or activity or controlling the victim's own mon4ey or properties, or solely
controlling the conjugal or common money, or properties.
(f) Inflicting or threatening to inflict physical harm on oneself for the purpose of
controlling her actions or decisions;
(g) Causing or attempting to cause the woman or her child to engage in any sexual
activity which does not constitute rape, by force or threat of force, physical harm, or
through intimidation directed against the woman or her child or her/his immediate family;
(h) Engaging in purposeful, knowing, or reckless conduct, personally or through
another, that alarms or causes substantial emotional or psychological distress to the
woman or her child. This shall include, but not be limited to, the following acts:
(1) Stalking or following the woman or her child in public or private places;
(2) Peering in the window or lingering outside the residence of the woman or her child;
(3) Entering or remaining in the dwelling or on the property of the woman or her child
against her/his will;
(4) Destroying the property and personal belongings or inflicting harm to animals or pets
of the woman or her child; and
(5) Engaging in any form of harassment or violence.
(i) Causing mental or emotional anguish, public ridicule or humiliation to the woman or
her child, including, but not limited to, repeated verbal and emotional abuse, and denial
of financial support or custody of minor children of access to the woman's child/children.
SECTION 6. Penalties.- The crime of violence against women and their children, under
Sec. 5 hereof shall be punished according to the following rules:

11. (a) Acts falling under Sec. 5(a) constituting attempted, frustrated or consummated
parricide or murder or homicide shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of
the Revised Penal Code;
If these acts resulted in mutilation, it shall be punishable in accordance with the Revised
Penal Code; those constituting serious physical injuries shall have the penalty of prison
mayor; those constituting less serious physical injuries shall be punished by prision
correccional; and those constituting slight physical injuries shall be punished by arresto
mayor;
Acts falling under Sec. 5(b) shall be punished by imprisonment of two degrees lower
than the prescribed penalty for the consummated crime as specified in the preceding
paragraph but shall in no case be lower than arresto mayor;
(b) Acts falling under Sec. 5(c) and 5(d) shall be punished by arresto mayor;
(c) Acts falling under Sec. 5(e) shall be punished by prision correccional;
(d) Acts falling under Sec. 5(f) shall be punished by arresto mayor;
(e) Acts falling under Sec. 5(g) shall be punished by prision mayor;
(f) Acts falling under Sec. 5(h) and Sec. 5(i) shall be punished by prision mayor.
If the acts are committed while the woman or child is pregnant or committed in the
presence of her child, the penalty to be applied shall be the maximum period of penalty
prescribed in the Sec.
In addition to imprisonment, the perpetrator shall (a) pay a fine in the amount of not less
than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) but not more than three hundred
thousand pesos (300,000.00); (b) undergo mandatory psychological counseling or
psychiatric treatment and shall report compliance to the court.
Republic Act 7610
Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination
Act
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR STRONGER DETERRENCE AND SPECIAL
PROTECTION AGAINST CHILD ABUSE, EXPLOITATION AND DISCRIMINATION,
PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR ITS VIOLATION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
ARTICLE ITitle, Policy, Principles and Definitions of Terms
Section 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Special Protection of Children
Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act."
Sec. 2. Declaration of State Policy and Principles. - It is hereby declared to be the
policy of the State to provide special protection to children from all firms of abuse,
neglect, cruelty exploitation and discrimination and other conditions, prejudicial their
development; provide sanctions for their commission and carry out a program for

12. prevention and deterrence of and crisis intervention in situations of child abuse,
exploitation and discrimination. The State shall intervene on behalf of the child when the
parent, guardian, teacher or person having care or custody of the child fails or is unable
to protect the child against abuse, exploitation and discrimination or when such acts
against the child are committed by the said parent, guardian, teacher or person having
care and custody of the same.
It shall be the policy of the State to protect and rehabilitate children gravely threatened
or endangered by circumstances which affect or will affect their survival and normal
development and over which they have no control.
The best interests of children shall be the paramount consideration in all actions
concerning them, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions,
courts of law, administrative authorities, and legislative bodies, consistent with the
principle of First Call for Children as enunciated in the United Nations Convention of the
Rights of the Child. Every effort shall be exerted to promote the welfare of children and
enhance their opportunities for a useful and happy life.
Sec. 3. Definition of Terms. (a) "Children" refers to person below eighteen (18) years of age or those over but are
unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse, neglect,
cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or
condition;
(b) "Child abuse" refers to the maltreatment, whether habitual or not, of the child which
includes any of the following:
(1) Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse and emotional
maltreatment;
(2) Any act by deeds or words which debases, degrades or demeans the intrinsic worth
and dignity of a child as a human being;
(3) Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for survival, such as food and shelter;
or
(4) Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an injured child resulting in serious
impairment of his growth and development or in his permanent incapacity or death.
(c) "Circumstances which gravely threaten or endanger the survival and normal
development of children" include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1) Being in a community where there is armed conflict or being affected by armed
conflict-related activities;
(2) Working under conditions hazardous to life, safety and normal which unduly interfere
with their normal development;
(3) Living in or fending for themselves in the streets of urban or rural areas without the
care of parents or a guardian or basic services needed for a good quality of life;

13. (4) Being a member of a indigenous cultural community and/or living under conditions of
extreme poverty or in an area which is underdeveloped and/or lacks or has inadequate
access to basic services needed for a good quality of life;
(5) Being a victim of a man-made or natural disaster or calamity; or
(6) Circumstances analogous to those above-stated which endanger the life, safety or
normal development of children.
(d) "Comprehensive program against child abuse, exploitation and discrimination"
refers to the coordinated program of services and facilities to protected children against:
(1) Child Prostitution and other sexual abuse;
(2) Child trafficking;
(3) Obscene publications and indecent shows;
(4) Other acts of abuses; and
(5) Circumstances which threaten or endanger the survival and normal development of
children.
Sec. 31. Common Penal Provisions. (a) The penalty provided under this Act shall be imposed in its maximum period if the
offender has been previously convicted under this Act;
(b) When the offender is a corporation, partnership or association, the officer or
employee thereof who is responsible for the violation of this Act shall suffer the penalty
imposed in its maximum period;
(c) The penalty provided herein shall be imposed in its maximum period when the
perpetrator is an ascendant, parent guardian, stepparent or collateral relative within the
second degree of consanguinity or affinity, or a manager or owner of an establishment
which has no license to operate or its license has expired or has been revoked;
(d) When the offender is a foreigner, he shall be deported immediately after service of
sentence and forever barred from entry to the country;
(e) The penalty provided for in this Act shall be imposed in its maximum period if the
offender is a public officer or employee: Provided, however, That if the penalty imposed
is reclusion perpetua or reclusion temporal, then the penalty of perpetual or temporary
absolute disqualification shall also be imposed: Provided, finally, That if the penalty
imposed is prision correccional or arresto mayor, the penalty of suspension shall also
be imposed; and
(f) A fine to be determined by the court shall be imposed and administered as a cash
fund by the Department of Social Welfare and Development and disbursed for the
rehabilitation of each child victim, or any immediate member of his family if the latter is
the perpetrator of the o

14. Republic Act No. 9231
December 19, 2003
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD
LABOR AND AFFORDING STRONGER PROTECTION FOR THE WORKING CHILD,
AMENDING FOR THIS PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACTNO. 7610, AS AMENDED,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE “SPECIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AGAINST
CHILD ABUSE, EXPLOITATION AND DISCRIMINATION ACT”
Section 1. Section 2 of Republic Act No. 7610, as amended, otherwise known as the
“Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination
Act”, is hereby amended to read as follows:
“Sec. 2. Declaration of State Policy and Principles. – It is hereby declared to be the
policy of the State to provide special protection to children from all forms of abuse,
neglect, cruelty, exploitation and discrimination, and other conditions prejudicial to their
development including child labor and its worst forms; provide sanctions for their
commission and carry out a program for prevention and deterrence of and crisis
intervention in situations of child abuse, exploitation and discrimination. The State shall
intervene on behalf of the child when the parent, guardian, teacher or person having
care or custody of the child fails or is unable to protect the child against abuse,
exploitation and discrimination or when such acts against the child are committed by the
said parent, guardian, teacher or person having care and custody of the same.
“It shall be the policy of the State to protect and rehabilitate children gravely threatened
or endangered by circumstances which affect or will affect their survival and normal
development and over which they have no control.
“The best interests of children shall be the paramount consideration in all actions
concerning them, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions,
courts of law, administrative authorities, and legislative bodies, consistent with the
principle of First Call for Children as enunciated in the United Nations Convention on the
Rights of the Child. Every effort shall be exerted to promote the welfare of children and
enhance their opportunities for a useful and happy life.”
Section 2. Section 12 of the same Act, as amended, is hereby further amended to read
as follows:
“Sec. 2. Employment of Children – Children below fifteen (15) years of age shall not be
employed except:
“1) When a child works directly under the sole responsibility of his/her parents or legal
guardian and where only members of his/her family are employed: Provided, however,
That his/her employment neither endangers his/her life, safety, health, and morals, nor
impairs his/her normal development: Provided, further, That the parent or legal guardian
shall provide the said child with the prescribed primary and/or secondary education; or
“2) Where a child’s employment or participation in public entertainment or information
through cinema, theater, radio, television or other forms of media is essential: Provided,
That the employment contract is concluded by the child’s parents or legal guardian, with
the express agreement of the child concerned, if possible, and the approval of the

15. Department of Labor and Employment: Provided, further, That the following
requirements in all instances are strictly complied with:
“(a) The employer shall ensure the protection, health, safety, morals and normal
development of the child;
“(b) The employer shall institute measures to prevent the child’s exploitation or
discrimination taking into account the system and level of remuneration, and the
duration and arrangement of working time; and
“(c) The employer shall formulate and implement, subject to the approval and
supervision of competent authorities, a continuing program for training and skills
acquisition of the child.
“In the above-exceptional cases where any such child may be employed, the employer
shall first secure, before engaging such child, a work permit from the Department of
Labor and Employment which shall ensure observance of the above requirements.
“For purposes of this Article, the term “child” shall apply to all persons under eighteen
(18) years of age.”
“Sec. 2-A. Hours of Work of a Working Child. – Under the exceptions provided in
Section 12 of this Act, as amended:
“(1) A child below fifteen (15) years of age may be allowed to work for not more than
twenty (20) hours a week: Provided, That the work shall not be more than four (4) hours
at any given day;
“(2) A child fifteen (15) years of age but below eighteen (18) shall not be allowed to work
for more than eight (8) hours a day, and in no case beyond forty (40) hours a week;
“(3) No child below fifteen (15) years of age shall be allowed to work between eight
o’clock in the evening and six o’clock in the morning of the following day and no child
fifteen (15) years of age but below eighteen (18) shall be allowed to work between ten
o’clock in the evening and six o’clock in the morning of the following day.”
“Sec. 12-B. Ownership, Usage and Administration of the Working Child’s Income. – The
wages, salaries, earnings and other income of the working child shall belong to him/her
in ownership and shall be set aside primarily for his/her support, education or skills
acquisition and secondarily to the collective needs of the family: Provided, That not
more than twenty percent (20%) of the child’s income may be used for the collective
needs of the family.
“The income of the working child and/or the property acquired through the work of the
child shall be administered by both parents. In the absence or incapacity of either of the
parents, the other parent shall administer the same. In case both parents are absent or
incapacitated, the order of preference on parental authority as provided for under the
Family Code shall apply.
“Sec. 12-C. Trust Fund to Preserve Part of the Working Child’s Income. – The parent or
legal guardian of a working child below eighteen (18) years of age shall set up a trust
fund for at least thirty percent (30%) of the earnings of the child whose wages and

16. salaries from work and other income amount to at least two hundred thousand pesos
(P200,000.00) annually, for which he/she shall render a semi-annual accounting of the
fund to the Department of Labor and Employment, in compliance with the provisions of
this Act. The child shall have full control over the trust fund upon reaching the age of
majority.
“Sec. 12-D. Prohibition Against Worst Forms of Child Labor. – No child shall be
engaged in the worst forms of child labor. The phrase “worst forms of child labor” shall
refer to any of the following:
“(1) All forms of slavery, as defined under the “Anti-trafficking in Persons Act of 2003″,
or practices similar to slavery such as sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and
serfdom and forced or compulsory labor, including recruitment of children for use in
armed conflict; or
“(2) The use, procuring, offering or exposing of a child for prostitution, for the production
of pornography or for pornographic performances; or
“(3) The use, procuring or offering of a child for illegal or illicit activities, including the
production and trafficking of dangerous drugs and volatile substances prohibited under
existing laws; or
“(4) Work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is
hazardous or likely to be harmful to the health, safety or morals of children, such that it:
“a) Debases, degrades or demeans the intrinsic worth and dignity of a child as a human
being; or
“b) Exposes the child to physical, emotional or sexual abuse, or is found to be highly
stressful psychologically or may prejudice morals; or
“c) Is performed underground, underwater or at dangerous heights; or
“d) Involves the use of dangerous machinery, equipment and tools such as powerdriven or explosive power-actuated tools; or
“e) Exposes the child to physical danger such as, but not limited to the dangerous feats
of balancing, physical strength or contortion, or which requires the manual transport of
heavy loads; or
“f) Is performed in an unhealthy environment exposing the child to hazardous working
conditions, elements, substances, co-agents or processes involving ionizing, radiation,
fire, flammable substances, noxious components and the like, or to extreme
temperatures, noise levels, or vibrations; or
“g) Is performed under particularly difficult conditions; or
“h) Exposes the child to biological agents such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans,
nematodes and other parasites; or
“i) Involves the manufacture or handling of explosives and other pyrotechnic products.”

17. R.A 9244
Section 1. Short Title and Scope. – This Act shall be known as the “Juvenile Justice
and Welfare Act of 2006.” It shall cover the different stages involving children at risk
and children in conflict with the law from prevention to rehabilitation and reintegration.
SEC. 2. Declaration of State Policy. – The following State policies shall be observed
at all times:
(a) The State recognizes the vital role of children and youth in nation building and shall
promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being. It
shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement
in public and civic affairs.
(b) The State shall protect the best interests of the child through measures that will
ensure the observance of international standards of child protection, especially those to
which the Philippines is a party. Proceedings before any authority shall be conducted in
the best interest of the child and in a manner which allows the child to participate and to
express himself/herself freely. The participation of children in the program and policy
formulation and implementation related to juvenile justice and welfare shall be ensured
by the concerned government agency.
(c) The State likewise recognizes the right of children to assistance, including proper
care and nutrition, and special protection from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty and
exploitation, and other conditions prejudicial to their development.
(d) Pursuant to Article 40 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child,
the State recognizes the right of every child alleged as, accused of, adjudged, or
recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner consistent with
the promotion of the child’s sense of dignity and worth, taking into account the child’s
age and desirability of promoting his/her reintegration. Whenever appropriate and
desirable, the State shall adopt measures for dealing with such children without
resorting to judicial proceedings, providing that human rights and legal safeguards are
fully respected. It shall ensure that children are dealt with in a manner appropriate to
their well-being by providing for, among others, a variety of disposition measures such
as care, guidance and supervision orders, counseling, probation, foster care, education
and vocational training programs and other alternatives to institutional care.
(e) The administration of the juvenile justice and welfare system shall take into
consideration the cultural and religious perspectives of the Filipino people, particularly
the indigenous peoples and the Muslims, consistent with the protection of the rights of
children belonging to these communities.
(f) The State shall apply the principles of restorative justice in all its laws, policies and
programs applicable to children in conflict with the law.