Cladistics

CLADISTICS Phylogenetic systematics ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

The basic assumption ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Distant cousins ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Vertebrates ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011 Silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis

Tetrapods ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011 Common frog Rana temporaria

Amniotes ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011 Crocodile hatchling

Mammals ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011 Kangaroo suckling from mother

Eutherians ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011 Human embryo

Merlin’s relatedness to me ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

What we know and what we don’t know ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Adding in another cousin ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

An extended family: Merlin, Soup and I ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

An alternative view ,[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Cladograms and clades ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Common sense v Science ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Cladistics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Occum’s razor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

The most parsimonious route ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

An alternative hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

How do we resolve the problem? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Albert is not a eutherian mammal ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Two cladograms are possible ,[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Two cladograms are possible ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Applying Occum’s razor ,[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

The power of cladistics ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Cladogram of birds and dinosaurs Node ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

What is a bird? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Unexpected links ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011 Torvosauroid theropod of the midJurassic

What really is a bird? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bird skeleton ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

The absence of a characteristic is not relevant ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Fossils in cladograms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Archaeopteryx ,[object Object],[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011 Archaeopteryx

Bird cladogram ,[object Object],ODWS Paul Billiet 2011

Cladistics

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Cladistics