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Introduction to Linguistics,[object Object],King Saud University,[object Object],Spring semester 2011,[object Object],Dr ZouhirGabsi,[object Object],Email. zgabsi@ksu.edu.au,[object Object]
What is language?,[object Object]
Definition,[object Object],It is a Communication of thoughts and feelings through a system of arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols.,[object Object]
More definitions,[object Object],Let’s have a look what the experts have to say..,[object Object],1. Sapir (1921) gave a more plausible definition about human language by stating that:,[object Object],	Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols.,[object Object]
2. David Crystal (1989):,[object Object],	The discussion may be summarized by referring to language as human vocal noise (or graphic representation of this noise in writing) used systematically and conventionally by a community for purposes of communication.,[object Object]
R.H Hobbins(1990):,[object Object],	Language is a form of communication by means of a system of symbols principally transmitted by vocal sounds.,[object Object]
Human vs Animal language,[object Object],Infinite vs finite repertoire of communication,[object Object],(i.e unlimited for humans),[object Object],* Human language has what we call grammar, it allows more creation of sentence patterns and ,[object Object]
Characteristics of human language,[object Object],Charles  F. Hockett(1958) enumerates  a number of features which , he argues, constitute human language:,[object Object],Interchangeability: transmitting and receiving information,[object Object],Productivity: the ability to vary a message to reflect differences in circumstances concerned.,[object Object],Cultural transmission: the ability to learn from others.,[object Object]
Exercice,[object Object],Write what you consider to be a good definition of the term language. Justify the choice of the elements that you have incorporated in your definition.,[object Object],What do you consider to be the principal benefits of language to the human race?,[object Object],How well, in your opinion, does the word communication represent the function of human language?,[object Object]
What is linguistics?,[object Object], Linguistics is the scientific study of language.,[object Object],There are many branches in Linguistics, for example:,[object Object],Applied Linguistics,[object Object],Historical Linguistics,[object Object],Psycholinguistics,[object Object],Computational Linguistics,[object Object],Sociolinguistics,[object Object]
What do we study in linguistics?,[object Object],We will study the following areas in Linguistics:,[object Object],1.Phonetics is the study of sound production (physical production, that is how the sounds are produced in the mouth),[object Object],2. Phonology: the study of sound patterns,[object Object],2. Morphology: the study of word structure,[object Object],3. Syntax: the study of sentence patterns.,[object Object]

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Introduction to linguistics ppt

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