About Cloud Computing. How it works? What are its uses, its types? What services it provides and what are its future trends. It was a presentation made by Zia-ur-Rehman, who is a student at National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. It was his research work on the same topic.

2. What is Cloud Computing?
 Why do we call it Cloud Computing?
 Structure of Cloud Computing
 Service Modes of Cloud Computing
 Chronology of Cloud Computing
 Types of Clouds
 Trends of Cloud Computing
 Applications of Cloud Computing
 Advantages and Disadvantages


3. 
Definitions:

“Cloud Computing is a style of computing where massively scalable ITrelated capabilities are provided as a service across the Internet to multiple
external customers”

“Cloud computing is a pool of abstracted, highly scalable and managed
infrastructure capable of hosting end customer applications and billed by
consumption”

“Cloud computing is Web-based processing, whereby shared resources, software
and information are provided to computers and other devices (such as smart
phones) on demand over the Internet”

4. 
Cloud computing is Internet-based computing
where shared resources, applications and
information are provided to users stored on the
provider’s server or computer to the user’s
computers or other devices on demand.

Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources.
Cloud resources are not only usually shared by
multiple users but also dynamically allocated for
users as per their demand.

6. 
In Cloud Computing the word “Cloud” is
used as a metaphor for “the Internet”. So
the word “Cloud Computing” means a
type of “Internet-based computing”
where different services such as servers,
storage and applications are delivered
to an organization’s computers and
devices through Internet.

7. User Interaction
Interface
Service Catalog
Is how users of cloud interact with
the cloud to request services
Cloud Servers
Virtual or physical servers managed
by System Management
Is a list of services that a user
can request
Cloud
Computing
Structure
System
Management
Is the part which manages the
the resources available
Monitoring and
Metering
Provisioning Tool
Tracks the usage of the cloud so the
resources used can be attributed to
a certain user
Carves out the systems from the
cloud to deliver on the requested
service

8. Cloud computing platform can be divided
into three categories:
a. Application
b. Platform
c. Infrastructure

9. a)
Application/Software as a Service or SAAS.
Cloud providers install and operate application
software in the cloud and cloud users access the
software from cloud clients.
 The provider licenses an application to customers
either as a service on demand, through a
subscription, in a “pay-as-you-go” model, or usually
at no charge.
 User has no need to install a software in his
hardware. It is usually developed for users.


10. 
Platform as a Service or PAAS.
Provides a platform and environment to allow
developers to build applications and services over
the internet.
 In other words PaaS providers give us an
environment of a computer on which we can
develop applications using software tools provided
by the providers.
 PaaS is actually provided for Developers as they
use this facility a lot.


11. 
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

Infrastructure as a Service or IaaS.
Organizations can build a complete computing
infrastructure using IaaS on demand. It is the most
basic component of cloud computing.
This covers a wide range of features, from
individual servers, to private networks, disk drives,
various long term storage devices as well as email
servers, domain name servers (DNS) as well as
messaging systems.
IaaS can be said to be the grass root level of cloud
computing. It is under

13. 1960, John McCarthy’s Concept:
1999, Salesforce.com:
2000, Microsoft:
2001, IBM:
2005, Amazon:
2007, Google Apps
and Azure:
2008, Gartner Research:
“Computation may be someday organized as
a public utility”
“Pioneered the concept of delivering
enterprise applications via a simple website”
“Expanded SaaS concept through web
service”
“Launch of Amazon Web Service”
“Starts researching Cloud Computing and
launching of Google Apps and Windows Azure
Beta first step of Cloud Computing in mega scale”
“Starts using Cloud computing in many
organizations”

14. 
Public Cloud:
Suitable for applying to general system not particular systems and
serving massive clients and also cheap price.

Private Cloud:
Suitable for particular system or needed high security system through
cloud provider.

Hybrid Cloud:
This system is a composition of public cloud and private cloud. It is also
used for transferring data from one cloud to another cloud.

15. Amazon EC2 and S3
Google App Engine
Windows Azure
Google Drive
Panda Cloud
iCloud
Drop Box

16. 
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Organizations start to use it:
Private cloud services are run in datacenters managed but third-parties, but also in private
datacenters on company property managed by corporate IT staffs.
Corporate IT departments will create cloud with in their IT infrastructures and lease cloud
power to suppliers and customers
More scalable and customizable:
They are scalable, growing and shrinking as needed. They are also centrally managed in a
virtualized environment.
Cloud computing vendors will make their applications more customizable by end user. Then
corporations will move mission critical unique applications into the cloud
Cloud will be all desktop software, anyone can access:
Local application will become out of date and pc’s will become slimmer, more agile
gateways to the cloud where the heavy lifting is done
Business units and even individual employees will be able to control the processing of data
directly, without the needs of legions of technical specialist
Changing from data sharing to application sharing:
Cloud computing will develop effecting and capable of communicating on the internet has
the potential to enhance the speed and stability of the exchange (share) from exchange
information (data share) to share in the applications (application share) on the cloud
environment in the future

17. 
Advantages:

High availability
Data Backup
Low Maintenance
Reliability and Speed
Automatically Updates
Miniaturization
Instant and Real-time Service
Computing Flexibility

Disadvantages:
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Increase in Cyber crime
Not suitable for mobile areas
Security and Privacy
Dependence on Internet
Dependence on Third-Party
Migration Problems
Require High Bandwidth