Islamic Concept of Adab Part 2

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH
( 7 March 2012 )
LESSON# 10b Every Wednesday night @ 8pm
MOST COMPASSIONATE
MOST MERCIFUL.
Wisma Indah 450 Changi Rd,#02-00
(Next to Masjid Kassim),

LESSONS ON
ISLAMIC
CONCEPT OF ADAB
By: Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

CONTINUATION OF THE 2ND RUN MODULE

PART 2
Arabic (plural) of Adab : meanings – “good breeding, decency,
nurture, good manners, refinement, cultured, decorum, courteous,
etiquette, propriety, social grace, to educate, discipline, the
humanities, etc.” sense of proportion and knowledge of their rightful
place in the order of things, the absence of which indicates injustice

Insha’Allah -This is a follow-up course, after completion
of 18 weeks course on the kitab “Ta’lim al-Muta’allim
Tariqit Ta’allum ” of Sheikh Tajuddin Nu’man Zarnuji

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011)
1

RECAP PREVIOUS LESSON

By retracing our life, we start with understanding
our basic nature as a human being - having
inherent powers and their potentialities to be
developed.

All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011)


In our relationship regarding our Education – we
are to encounter, i.e. assisted by our educators -

with what is referred to as, “knowledge”.



Yet, we are born helpless and have to be cared,
nurtured, to be inculcated with discipline, taught and
developed by a Murabbi’ (EDUCATOR) – the first of
whom are our PARENTS.


TO PROCEED

WE ARE NOW ON THE TOPIC


“Allah witnesses that there is no deity except Him, and
[so do] the angels and those of knowledge - [that He is]
maintaining [creation] in justice (QISTw). There is no
deity except Him, the Exalted in Might, the Wise."
(Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 18)


“O MANKIND! Worship (serve) your Sustainer, who has
created you and those who lived before you, so that you
might remain conscious of Him (TAQWA)“
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 21)


“ (Allah) Who has made the earth a resting-place for
you and the sky a canopy, and has sent down water
from the sky and thereby brought forth fruits for your
sustenance: do not, then, claim that there is any power
that could rival Allah, when you know [that He is One].”


Imam ‘Ali bin Abi Tolib r.a. said:

“The foremost in religion is the acknowledgement of Him (Allah)”
Mankind’s existence is not accidental as though without purpose,
but humans by nature are capable of knowing meanings and purpose to
his life and his special place in nature.
Unlike animals, man’s reasoning faculty is summoned to reflect upon
the higher philosophical questions as to the meaning and purpose of life
which leads to the cognition of the existence of the Divine.
There is already and innate predisposition in him towards wanting to
serve (worship) someone or something.


• Those who claimed to be “atheists” even are in reality serving or
worshipping their own Selves (their desires).

“Have you seen he who has taken as his god his [own] desire, and Allah
has sent him astray due to knowledge and has set a seal upon his
hearing and his heart and put over his vision a veil? So who will guide
him after Allah? Then will you not be reminded?”
(Qur’an: Jathiya: 45: 24)

And [mention] when your Lord took from the children
of Adam - from their loins - their descendants and
made them testify of themselves, [saying to them],
"Am I not your Lord?"

They said, "Yes, we have testified."

[This] - lest you should say on the day of
Resurrection, "Indeed, we were of this unaware."
(Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 172)


• Mankind is called (insaan) – a word whose roots is the
word (nis-yaan; nasiy) – meaning
“forgetfulness; to forget”.

Prophets came to ‘remind’; and thus the Qur’an is also named as

“ “ (Adz-Dzikr) meaning -‘the Reminder’

Islam asserts that mankind, naturally has a pure instinct

(fitrah saleema) to know of God’s existence.


• The ability to perceive the existence of a Supreme Being (God) is
innate in human nature ( Fitrah), and it is this instinctive
cognition that explains why in every culture there is a term referring
to the Supernatural Divine - God.

• In this verse we are told that, spiritually, our soul has already
testified to Allah’s Lordship prior to our physical sojourn on this
earth. Thus it is the Arabic term for “man” has that meaning “to
forget”, and messengers were sent but to be (MUDZAKKIR) the ones
to give “reminders” (DZIKR) to man, as well as the “Warner”
(NADZEERA) regarding the consequence for heedlessness of this
Reality.

Prophet Muhammad’ s.a.a.w. said :

“Every child is born in a state of pure innocence (FITRAH),
It is the parents then who would make him to become
a Jew or a Christian or a Pagan.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary)


• Thus Islam view humankind positively, free of blame or sins, left in
the care of parents. Each one of us are said to be upon the pure and
innocent nature of submission (“Islam”), but may be nurtured to
become otherwise.

Even if they veered into a deviant path, he still can or is expected
to continuously seek and return to the path of Truth and reformation.

• Although he is not compelled because of his freewill, yet his innate
potentials are to be developed and actualised towards knowing the
truth. Those who are aware but reject truth is thus guilty of “KUFR”
“concealing; covering up; rejecting truth; or being
ungrateful; ”

And those who know the Truth are to invite all with reasoning
and wisdom, appealing to their innate volition towards recognizing
the higher Reality and purpose, transcending this temporary
earthly existence. It is never hopeless.


And those who know the Truth are to invite all with reasoning
and wisdom, appealing to their innate volition towards recognizing
the higher Reality and purpose, transcending this temporary
earthly existence. It is never hopeless.

“CONSIDER the flight of time! Verily, man is bound to
lose himself unless he be of those who attain to faith,
and do good works, and enjoin upon one another
the keeping to truth, and enjoin upon one another
patience in adversity.”
(Qur’an: al-’Asr: 103: 1-3)


Relationship with the Parents and Teacher
Beginning of
education: Obedience to Parents and teachers
[1] Tarbiyya pertains
to training of the soul
still attached to TIME
desires, etc. KNOWLEDGE
TEACHERS
PARENTS
Teacher/Educator:
[1] Parent BODY SELF HEART
[2] Teacher
TONGUE
Although ultimate is DESIRE
Knowledge, (both MIND
theoretical and
practical) – initial
disciplining, rote learning, Islam: to submit the entire
memorization, etc. may be self (body, tongue, heart and
crucial. Mind) – Freeing it from desire
which needs to always be guided
to the Will of Allah. THE WORLD


“[O man] be grateful towards Me and towards thy parents,
[and remember that] with Me is all journeys’ end.”
(Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 14)



These are the rules as listed by Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazalie r.a.
as well as from other traditional sources.



WHAT ARE THESE AND HOW TO INCULCATE. ?



HAVE YOU REALLY KNOWN THEM ?


NAFS al-AMMARAH
AD-DEENUL-ISLAM (Commanding self)

Link to various
TIME Quwwah (powers):

[1] shahwiyya
(desires)
[2] ghadabiyya
BODY (anger)
SELF HEART [3] Wahmiyah
(imaginative)
TONGUE [4] ‘aqliyya
DESIRE (thoughts)
MIND

Islam: to submit the entire
self (body, tongue, heart and
Mind) – Freeing it from desire

ALLAH RASULULLAH
AL-QUR’AN
HEREAFTER AS-SUNNAH

TIME

BODY SELF HEART
TONGUE
DESIRE
MIND


RASULULLAH

HEREAFTER ALLAH AL-QUR’AN
AS-SUNNAH

TIME

BODY SELF HEART
TONGUE
DESIRE
MIND


IIMAN ‘AMAL • IHSAN
[Islam]
Belief Submission Best or
Faith Obedience Righteous
Conviction Practice Conduct
Faith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is
mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy.
Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN
which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t.
Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission
to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).


NEVER FORGET YOUR TRUE PURPOSE FOR EXISTING


NEVER FORGET YOUR TRUE PURPOSE FOR EXISTING

“And [tell them that] I have not created the invisible
beings and men to any end other than that they may
[know and] worship Me. [But withal,] no sustenance do
I ever demand of them, nor do I demand that they feed
Me: for, verily, Allah Himself is the Provider of all
sustenance, the Lord of all might, the Eternal!”
(Qur’an: Dzariyat: 51: 56-58)



II-MAN


Definition of iiman :

“Utterance with the tongue (speech);

affirmation with the heart/mind (conviction);

and manifesting through practice (actions).”



SIL-MI - KAAFAH


“O you who have attained to faith! Surrender yourselves wholly
unto Allah, and follow not Satan's footsteps, for, verily, he is your
open foe.“
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2-208)


[1] TONGUE
[2] HEARING
[3] SIGHT
[4] HANDS
[5] LEGS
[6] STOMACH
[7] PRIVATE PARTS



AL-IHSAN


His reply to the question “what is AL-IHSAN ?”, he said :


His reply to the question “what is AL-IHSAN ?”, he said :

“Al- Ihsan (righteousness or best conduct) is that you
worship (serve) Allah as though you are seeing Him;
while you see Him not, yet truly He sees you”

(Hadith reported by Muslim)



DZIKR


RASULULLAH

HEREAFTER ALLAH AL-QUR’AN
AS-SUNNAH

TIME

TONGUE
BODY SELF
TONGUE HEART
MIND DESIRE


TO PROCEED

SHAKUR


“ It is We who have placed you with authority on earth, and
provided you therein with means for the fulfilment of your
life: small are the thanks that ye give!
It is We who created you and gave you shape; then We
bade the angels prostrate to Adam, and they prostrated, not
so Iblis; he refused to be of those who bow down.”

(Qur’an: Surah al-A’raf: 7: 10-11)


“(Allah) said: "what prevented thee from bowing down
when I commanded thee?" He (Iblis) said: "I am better than
he: thou didst create me from fire, and him from clay."

(Allah) said: "Get thee down from this: it is not for thee to
be arrogant here: get out, for thou art of the meanest (of
creatures).”



“He (Iblis) said: "Give me respite till the day they
are raised up.“
(Allah) said: "Be thou amongst those who have
respite.”


“He (Iblis) said: "Because thou hast thrown me out of the
Way, lo! I will lie in wait for them on Thy straight Way.
Then will I assault them from before them and behind
them, from their right and their left: (LAA TAJIDU AKTHARA-
HUM SHAAKIRUN) nor wilt Thou find, in most of them,
gratitude (for Thy mercies).

(Allah) said: "Get out from this, disgraced and expelled. If
any of them follow thee Hell will I fill with you all.”


“Has there not been over Man a long period of Time,
when he was nothing--(not even) mentioned?―
Verily We created Man from a drop of mingled
sperm, in order to try him: so We gave him (the
gifts), of Hearing and Sight.

We showed him the Way: whether he be (SHAKUR)
grateful or (KAFUR) ungrateful (rests on his will).”

(Qur’an: al-Insan (Dahri): 76: 2-3)


MANY DO NOT REALIZE THAT THEY ARE BEING TESTED
WITH MANY GOOD FAVOURS IN LIFE – FOR ALL THESE
(GOOD THINGS) COMES FROM THE WILL OF ALLAH.
WHAT IS EXPECTED OF THEM IS, SO THAT THEY SHOULD
BE GRATEFUL ( SHAKUR - )

69

MANY DO NOT REALIZE THAT THEY ARE BEING TESTED
WITH MANY GOOD FAVOURS IN LIFE – FOR ALL THESE
(GOOD THINGS) COMES FROM THE WILL OF ALLAH.
WHAT IS EXPECTED OF THEM IS, SO THAT THEY SHOULD
BE GRATEFUL ( SHAKUR - )

“And remember! your Lord caused to be declared (publicly):
"If ye are grateful (SHAKAR-TUM), I will add more (favours)
unto you; but if ye show ingratitude (KAFAR-TUM), truly My
punishment is terrible indeed."
(Qur’an: Ibrahim:14: 7)

70

“So remember Me; I will remember you.
(WASH-KU-RU-LI) And be grateful to Me and
(WA-LAA-TAK-FU-RUUN) do not deny Me.”


“ Then when (Solomon) saw it (the throne miraculously)
placed firmly before him, he said: "This is by the grace of
my Lord!― to test me whether I am grateful, or
ungrateful! (AM-ASH-KURU – AM-AK-FURU) And if any is
grateful truly his gratitude is (a gain) for his own soul; but
if any is ungrateful, truly my Lord is Free of All Needs,
Supreme in Honour!"

(Qur’an: Naml: 27: 40)

73

CRITERIA

1. Acknowledge and extol praises of
The key to
the true giver, Allah Who alone is
succeed in this test as well God, the Bestower of all favours.
as to deserve achieving 2. Learn the value of what is given,
further increase of do not take for granted any of

bestowals from Allah. these favours.

3. Reciprocate with gratitude.
yet how does one become
Utilize what is given in
grateful? What are the
accordance to what may please
important criteria? the Giver (i.e. do not abuse the
gift), so as not to cause His wrath
to befall us.

 Allah is the source of every bestowals and favours . He , high and
exalted , is “As-Swomad “ - “the Eternal Absolute unto
Whom every creations depend on, whereas He alone, depends on
no one.”. Allah is the only God (Divine) without any partner nor
associates.
 Thus, to acknowledge Allah’s Absolute Oneness (TAUHEED) is the
first requirement for SHAKUR (Gratefulness). And to admit others
as being the Divine (SHIRK) Is the ultimate ungratefulness; the
greatest injustice (ZULM).


“And [mention, O Muhammad], when Luqman said to
his son while he was instructing him, "O my son, do
not associate [anything] with Allah (SHIRK). Indeed,
association [with him] is great injustice.“
13


 After acknowledging Allah , the way to be grateful is to express
praises of Him as the Giver of these favours upon us. Yet
whatever praise we utter based on our own limitations, it would
be deficient because we lack the true knowledge of Allah.
 Thus we find that in the Opening Surah (AL-FATEHAH), after
teaching us to begin by invoking in Holy Names (BASMALAH), it
continues with the appropriate manner of extolling Praises of
Him (HAMDALAH) Who is the Lord, Sustainer, Cherisher of the
worlds.


 And when we reflect tthat Muslims recite this Surah, minimum
seventeen times daily, it means that to become grateful towards
Allah should be placed as one of the highest virtue to be inculcated.
 In the noble disposition (AKHLAQ AL-KAREEMA) of our Prophet
s.a.a.w. we learnt that the ultimate reason for his untiring striving
in devotion towards Allah when all his sins, even future sins has
been forgiven, yet he responded by saying (au kama qal ):


 And when we reflect Muslims recite this Surah, minimum to recite
seventeen times daily, means that to become grateful towards
Allah should be placed as one of the highest virtue to be inculcated.
 In the noble disposition (AKHLAQ AL-KAREEMA) of our Prophet
s.a.a.w. we learnt that the ultimate reason for his untiring striving
in devotion towards Allah when all his sins, even future sins have
been forgiven, yet his response was :

“... that I may become the most grateful slave (of Allah)”


 Acknowledging with appreciation requires us to speak about it.
Therefore make mention of these significant favours to others.
 Human beings need to communicate and express elation regarding
whatever goodness we encounter. This is natural, yet Allah expects
this from his servants to express gratefulness to Him. Thus :

“But the bounty (favours) of the Lord - rehearse
and proclaim!”
(Qur’an: Dhuha: 93: 11)

 Appreciating the gifts, bestowals or favours, indeed can be the
criteria (measure) as to whether one is grateful, or just being
nonchalant (unappreciative) and thus ungrateful. This therefore
requires knowledge and constant reflections of its significance.
 Allah, the Most Gracious, has given us so abundant of bestowals,
many we are not even aware of that we tend to take for granted.
 In fact Allah s.w.t. challenges us and reminds us regarding this, to
make us to ponder upon His infinite generosity bestowed upon us
all so abundantly.
 “Count these favours if you can!”


“For, should you try to count Allah's blessings, you could
never compute them! Behold, Allah is indeed much-
forgiving, a dispenser of grace;”
(Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 18)


 And in the Qur’an Allah constantly reminds us to constantly
remember and considers many of these favours and blessings.
 Instead, we humans, like to complain of things that we want but has
not yet been given – whereas much has already been accorded to us.
 Such rudeness, thankless arrogance. Who do we think we are?

 Therefore we have to work on and strive “to like what we have,
before trying have what we like.”


 And in utilizing the gifts or bestowals, certainly there are expectations
of the Giver attached to all the gifts.
 In Islam, our tests are also in this regard to the favours granted to us.

 No doubt, we have the freedom on how to utilize them, yet it can
either be that we are “using” them or “abusing” them.
 Thus Allah s.w.t. provided us the knowledge and rules as guidance.
Compliance to them is “submission and obedience (TA-’AH)”.
 And “sincere(IKHLAS) “ in TA’AH is to “be truly grateful ” to Allah.


“Seek instead, by means of what Allah has granted
thee, [the good of] the life to come, without
forgetting, withal, thine own [rightful] share in this
world; and do good [unto others] as Allah has done
good unto thee; and seek not to spread corruption on
earth: for, verily, Allah does not love the spreaders of
corruption!”

(Qur’an: Qasas: 28:77)


Being grateful towards Allah requires the ADAB in acknowledging
or showing gratitude also towards those through whom Allah’s
favour was granted upon us. This is as mentioned:

“He is not grateful to Allah those who is not able
to show gratefulness towards fellow man, “
(Hadith reported by Tirmidzi)


“And whoever brings to you goodness (MA’-RUFA), you are to
return with equivalent (the favour). If you are unable, then pray
(DU’A) for him (earnestly and sincerely) until you are
satisfied (that with your DU’A) you have returned the equivalent.“
(Hadith reported by Bukhary))


“My Sustainer (Lord)! ! Inspire me so that I may forever be
grateful for those blessings of Thine with which Thou hast
graced me and my parents, and that I may do what is right [in
a manner] that will please Thee; and include me, by Thy grace,
among Thy righteous servants!” (Qur’an: Naml: 27: 19)


“O my Sustainer (Lord)! Inspire me so that I may forever
be grateful for those blessings of Thine with which
Thou hast graced me and my parents, and that I may
do what is right [in a manner] that will meet with Thy
goodly acceptance; and grant me righteousness in my
offspring [as well]. Verily, unto Thee have I turned in
repentance: for, verily, I am of those who have
surrendered themselves unto Thee!””
(Qur’an: Ahqaf: 46: 15)


“When the Prophet s.a.a.w. Is granted glad tidings of fulfilment of
his HAJAT (needs, yearnings, request), he would throw himself to the

ground in prostration to Allah (with gratitude). * ”
(Hadith reported by Ibnu Majah)

* SUJUD SHUKR’ – prostration of gratitude.


“And they will say: "All praise is due to Allah, who has
guided us unto this; for we would certainly not have
found the right path unless Allah had guided us! Indeed,
our Sustainer's messengers have told us the truth!"
(Qur’an: A’-raf: 7: 43)


“Certainly did Allah confer [great] favour upon
the believers when He sent among them a
Messenger from themselves, reciting to them His
verses and purifying them and teaching them the
Book and wisdom, although they had been before
in manifest error.”

95

“(May) Allah grant His Reward upon Muhammad, salutations
of Allah and Peace be upon him and his family, in accordance
with what he deserves (in Allah’s knowledge & estimation).”


“And We have enjoined upon man [care] for his parents.
His mother carried him, [increasing her] in weakness upon
weakness, and his weaning is in two years. (ANISH-KUR-
LEE - WA-LI-WA-LI-DAIKA) Be grateful to Me and to your
parents; to Me is the [final] destination.”

“Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him, and that ye
be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in
thy life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, but
address them in terms of honour.”

(Qur’an: al-Isra: 17:23)

“And, out of kindness, lower to them (parents) the wing of
humility, and say: "My Lord! bestow on them Thy Mercy
even as they cherished me in childhood."

(Qur’an: al-Isra: 17:24)


“O my Lord (Allah)! Forgive (be Merciful to) the both of them,
as they have shown mercy towards me since young.”


“Say, [O Muhammad], "Praise be to Allah, and peace upon
His servants whom He has chosen. Is Allah better or what
they associate with Him?""

(Qur’an: an-Naml: 27:59)


“And hold fast, all together, unto the bond with Allah,
and do not draw apart from one another. And
remember the blessings which Allah has bestowed
upon you: how, when you were enemies, He brought
your hearts together, so that through His blessing you
became brethren; and [how, when] you were on the
brink of a fiery abyss. He saved you from it. In this way
Allah makes clear His messages unto you, so that you
might find guidance,"



“O our Sustainer (Lord)! Forgive us our sins, as well as those of our
brethren who preceded us in faith, and let not our hearts entertain
any unworthy thoughts or feelings against [any of] those who have
attained to faith. O our Sustainer! Verily, Thou art compassionate,
a dispenser of grace!” (Qur’an: Hashr: 59: 10)

”All praise is due to Allah, who has guided us unto this;
for we would certainly not have found the right path
unless Allah had guided us!”

106

And salutations of Allah and Peace be upon the
Messenger of Allah and upon His household
and Companions .

107

O Allah! We beseech You help to make us to remember
and be grateful towards You, and make us serve
(worship) You in the best way.

108

“O my Sustainer (Lord)! ! Inspire me so that I may forever be
grateful for those blessings of Thine with which Thou hast
graced me and my parents, and that I may do what is right [in
a manner] that will please Thee; and include me, by Thy grace,
among Thy righteous servants!” (Qur’an: Naml: 27: 19)

109

110

“O my Sustainer (Lord)! Inspire me so that I may forever
be grateful for those blessings of Thine with which
Thou hast graced me and my parents, and that I may
do what is right [in a manner] that will meet with Thy
goodly acceptance; and grant me righteousness in my
offspring [as well]. Verily, unto Thee have I turned in
repentance: for, verily, I am of those who have
surrendered themselves unto Thee!””
(Qur’an: Ahqaf: 46: 15)

111

"Our Lord! Make of us Muslims bowing to Thy (Will) and of our
progeny a people Muslim bowing to Thy (Will) and show us our
places for the celebration of (due) rites; and turn unto us (in
Mercy); for Thou art the Oft-Returning Most-Merciful.

112

“Our Lord ! Grant that our spouses and our offspring be a joy to
our eyes, and cause us to be foremost amongst those who are
conscious of Thee! (as ‘mut-taqqin’).”
(Qur’an : al-Furqan: 25: 74)

113

"Our Lord! pour out constancy on us and make our steps firm;
Help us against those that reject faith."
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2:250)

114

“Our Lord ! Let not our hearts swerve from the truth after You
have guided us; and bestow upon us the gift of Thy Grace
(Mercy): verily, You are the (true) giver of Gifts (bestowals).”
(Qur’an : Aali ‘Imran : 3 : 8)

115

116

“Our Lord ! Condemn us not if we forget or fall into error; Our
Lord! Lay not on us a burden like that which You did lay on
those before us : Our Lord ! Lay not on us a burden greater
than we have strength to bear. Blot out our sins, And grant
us forgiveness, Have Mercy on us. You are our protector :
Help us against the unbelievers.”
(Qur’an : al-Baqarah : 286)

117

"Our Lord! Give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter
and save us from the torment of the fire!"
(Qur’an : al-Baqarah: 2 : 201)

118

“(May) Allah grant His Reward upon Muhammad, salutations
of Allah and Peace be upon him and his family, in accordance
with what he deserves (in Allah’s knowledge & estimation).”

119

And salutations of Allah and Peace be
upon our Leader Muhammad, and upon
His household and Companions .

120

”Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power! (He is free)
from what they ascribe (to Him)! And Peace on the
Messengers! And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of
the Worlds.”

(Qur’an : Saffat: 37 : 180-182)
121

“Grant us (these our supplication),
by Your Mercy, (O Allah, You are) the
Most Merciful of those who show Mercy!”

122

All welcome to visit my web-blog:

• http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/
• http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/
• http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/
• http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/
• http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/
• http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/
• http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/
• http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/

123

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