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Pbl presentation zhiyi, mario, zoe, justin, ivan
- 1. PBL Scenario 2 Presented by: Chua Chong Yi Mario KeKaijie Justin Lin Zhiyi Yeo Zoe Yow Ying Ming Ivan
- 4. Hypothesis 1 When Jeremyâs parents give more autonomy to Jeremy, his behavior will become less externally regulated, allowing him to experience more subjective well-being and develop more self-esteem to do better in his studies.
- 5. Solutions Allow Jeremy to pursue his own interests: - So that he can exercise his volition that leads to motivation (Deci & Ryan, 2002; Teo, 2010) - Metacognitive development (Flavell, 1976) ï Memory-monitoring / Self â regulation ï Perform better in his work ï Awareness of effectiveness ï Modify learning strategies ï Active control of how he learns ï Autonomy
- 6. Solutions Focus on skill mastery rather than purely academic grades - Attribution theory (Graham, 1990) - Jeremy is more motivated to learn what he likes (Deci & Ryan, 2002) - Jeremy can be cultured as an efficient problem solver based on adaptive expertise theory (Hatano & Inagaki, 1986)
- 7. Hypothesis 2 When Jeremy receives more understanding, support and patience from his teacher, he will be more self-motivated to perform in his school exams and seek meaning in doing so.
- 11. Commitment to Jeremyâs learning (Cornelius-White, 2007)
- 12. Showing respect to Jeremy (Eggen & Kauchak, 2010)
- 14. meet needs for equilibrium (Piaget 1970, 1977)
- 17. Hypothesis 3 When Jeremy is accepted and supported by his peers, he will experience care and support and gain agreeable personality characteristics such as altruism.
- 21. Teachers understanding Jeremyâs current situation and vary the variety and difficulty of tasks Jeremy is to perform -expectancy x value theory (Fishbein, 1963)
- 25. References Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.Bandura, A. (2004). Towards a psychology of human agency. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Society, Chicago.Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Brophy, J. (2006) Observational research on generic aspects of classroom teaching. In P.A. Alexander & P.H. Winnie (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Erlbaum Associates (pp. 755-780)Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (Eds.), (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2010). Educational Psychology: Windows on Classrooms (8th ed). New Jersey: Pearson.Flavell, J. H. (1976) Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), The nature of intelligence (pp. 231â236). Hillsdale, NJ: ErlbaumGraham, F. (1990). Attribution Theory: Applications to Achievement, Mental Health, and Interpersonal Conflict. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Hatano, G., & Inagaki, K. (1986). Two courses of expertise. Child development and education in Japan, (), 262â272.Levesque, C., Stanek, L., Zuehlke, A.N., & Ryan, R. (2004). Autonomy and competence in German and American university students: A comparative study based on self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96 (1), 68-84.Piaget, J. (1970). The science of education and the psychology of the child. New York: Orion Press.Piaget, J. (1977). Problems in equilibration. In M. Appel & L. Goldberg (Eds.), Topics in cognitive development: Vol. 1. Equilibration: Theory, research and application (pp. 3-13). New York: Plenum Press.Ryan, R. & Deci, E. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.Tan, O. S., Parsons, R. D., Hinson, S. L., & Sardo-Brown, D. (2011). Educational Psychology: A practitioner-researcher approach. An Asian Edition (2nded). Singapore: Thomson.Teo, C. T. (2010). Understanding student motivation through love, volition and neurotransmitters. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences Journal, 9,(), 1926-1932.Homans, G.C. (1958). Social Behavior as Exchange. American Journal of Sociology,63 (6), 597â606.Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Teo, C. T. (2010). Understanding student motivation through love, volition and neurotransmitters. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences Journal, 9,(), 1926-1932.Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (Eds.), (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.Flavell, J. H. (1976) Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), The nature of intelligence (pp. 231â236). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
- Graham, F. (1990). Attribution Theory: Applications to Achievement, Mental Health, and Interpersonal Conflict. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (Eds.), (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.Hatano, G., & Inagaki, K. (1986). Two courses of expertise. Child development and education in Japan, (), 262â272.
- Why is there a need for the teacher to show positive expectations?When teacher communicates positive expectations to students, this suggests to Jeremy that he will be successful.This will in make him feel competent (self-determination theory) (Levesque, Stanek, Zuehlke & Ryan, 2004; Ryan & Deci, 2000), increases his self-efficacy (Bandura 1986, 1997, 2004), motivation and achievement.Self-determination: the need to act on and control oneâs environment (Pg 291 of Eggen). SDT assumes that people have 3 inate psychological needs: competence, autonomy and relatedness.Self-efficacy: the belief that one is capable of accomplishing a specific task (Bandura, 1986, 1997, 2004) (Pg 298, Chp 10 of Eggen)How can the teacher show positive expectations?Currently, the teacherâs treatment to Jeremy is an indicator to Jeremy how and what the teacher expects from him, which causes him to lose his motivation and volition to do well (Weinstein, 1998 Pg 83).References:Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.Bandura, A. (2004). Towards a psychology of human agency. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Society, Chicago.Brophy, J. (2006) Observational research on generic aspects of classroom teaching. In P.A. Alexander & P.H. Winnie (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Erlbaum Associates (pp. 755-780)Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2010). Educational Psychology: Windows on Classrooms (8th ed). New Jersey: Pearson.Levesque, C., Stanek, L., Zuehlke, A.N., & Ryan, R. (2004). Autonomy and competence in German and American university students: A comparative study based on self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96 (1), 68-84.Ryan, R. & Deci, E. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67
- Why is there a need for the teacher to show positive expectations?When teacher communicates positive expectations to students, this suggests to Jeremy that he will be successful.This will in make him feel competent (self-determination theory) (Levesque, Stanek, Zuehlke & Ryan, 2004; Ryan & Deci, 2000), increases his self-efficacy (Bandura 1986, 1997, 2004), motivation and achievement.Self-determination: the need to act on and control oneâs environment (Pg 291 of Eggen). SDT assumes that people have 3 inate psychological needs: competence, autonomy and relatedness.Self-efficacy: the belief that one is capable of accomplishing a specific task (Bandura, 1986, 1997, 2004) (Pg 298, Chp 10 of Eggen)How can the teacher show positive expectations?Currently, the teacherâs treatment to Jeremy is an indicator to Jeremy how and what the teacher expects from him, which causes him to lose his motivation and volition to do well (Weinstein, 1998 Pg 83).References:Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.Bandura, A. (2004). Towards a psychology of human agency. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Society, Chicago.Brophy, J. (2006) Observational research on generic aspects of classroom teaching. In P.A. Alexander & P.H. Winnie (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Erlbaum Associates (pp. 755-780)Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2010). Educational Psychology: Windows on Classrooms (8th ed). New Jersey: Pearson.Levesque, C., Stanek, L., Zuehlke, A.N., & Ryan, R. (2004). Autonomy and competence in German and American university students: A comparative study based on self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96 (1), 68-84.Ryan, R. & Deci, E. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67
- Why is there a need for the teacher to show positive expectations?When teacher communicates positive expectations to students, this suggests to Jeremy that he will be successful.This will in make him feel competent (self-determination theory) (Levesque, Stanek, Zuehlke & Ryan, 2004; Ryan & Deci, 2000), increases his self-efficacy (Bandura 1986, 1997, 2004), motivation and achievement.Self-determination: the need to act on and control oneâs environment (Pg 291 of Eggen). SDT assumes that people have 3 inate psychological needs: competence, autonomy and relatedness.Self-efficacy: the belief that one is capable of accomplishing a specific task (Bandura, 1986, 1997, 2004) (Pg 298, Chp 10 of Eggen)How can the teacher show positive expectations?Currently, the teacherâs treatment to Jeremy is an indicator to Jeremy how and what the teacher expects from him, which causes him to lose his motivation and volition to do well (Weinstein, 1998 Pg 83).References:Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.Bandura, A. (2004). Towards a psychology of human agency. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Society, Chicago.Brophy, J. (2006) Observational research on generic aspects of classroom teaching. In P.A. Alexander & P.H. Winnie (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Erlbaum Associates (pp. 755-780)Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2010). Educational Psychology: Windows on Classrooms (8th ed). New Jersey: Pearson.Levesque, C., Stanek, L., Zuehlke, A.N., & Ryan, R. (2004). Autonomy and competence in German and American university students: A comparative study based on self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96 (1), 68-84.Ryan, R. & Deci, E. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67
- Why is there a need for the teacher to show positive expectations?When teacher communicates positive expectations to students, this suggests to Jeremy that he will be successful.This will in make him feel competent (self-determination theory) (Levesque, Stanek, Zuehlke & Ryan, 2004; Ryan & Deci, 2000), increases his self-efficacy (Bandura 1986, 1997, 2004), motivation and achievement.Self-determination: the need to act on and control oneâs environment (Pg 291 of Eggen). SDT assumes that people have 3 inate psychological needs: competence, autonomy and relatedness.Self-efficacy: the belief that one is capable of accomplishing a specific task (Bandura, 1986, 1997, 2004) (Pg 298, Chp 10 of Eggen)How can the teacher show positive expectations?Currently, the teacherâs treatment to Jeremy is an indicator to Jeremy how and what the teacher expects from him, which causes him to lose his motivation and volition to do well (Weinstein, 1998 Pg 83).References:Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.Bandura, A. (2004). Towards a psychology of human agency. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Society, Chicago.Brophy, J. (2006) Observational research on generic aspects of classroom teaching. In P.A. Alexander & P.H. Winnie (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Erlbaum Associates (pp. 755-780)Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2010). Educational Psychology: Windows on Classrooms (8th ed). New Jersey: Pearson.Levesque, C., Stanek, L., Zuehlke, A.N., & Ryan, R. (2004). Autonomy and competence in German and American university students: A comparative study based on self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96 (1), 68-84.Ryan, R. & Deci, E. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67
- Teacher should create a safe and positive classroom climate for Jeremy.What defines a safe and positive classroom climate? Is a place where teachers and students cooperate to help everyone achieve success (2: Palincsar, 1998; Rogoff, 1998)Defined by a place which creates a predictable learning environment and provides individuals with physical and emotional security (Eggen & Kauchak, 2010)Why is there a need for the teacher to create a safe learning environment?Helps meet Jeremyâs needs for safety (as seen in Maslowâs hierarchy) ( Maslow 1968, 1970)Helps meet Jeremyâs needs for equilibrium (Piaget 1970, 1977)Helps meet Jeremyâs needs for autonomy (supported by the self-determination theory) (2: Brophy, 2006b; Roeser et al. 2006)Helps meet Jeremyâs needs for relatedness (supported by the self-determination theory) ( R.Ryan & Deci, 2000)How can the teacher create a safe learning environment?Modeling respect, courtesy and expecting students to do the same towards each other (2:Barth, 2002; Blum, 2005).Modeling fairness to all students (teacher should look out for his/her verbal and nonverbal communication to students to prevent biasness) (Tan, Parsons, Hinson, Sardo-Brown, 2011)For more explanation on Why is there a need for the teacher to create a safe learning environment?Read pages 332, 333 of eggenReferences:Piaget, J. (1970). The science of education and the psychology of the child. New York: Orion Press.Piaget, J. (1977). Problems in equilibration. In M. Appel & L. Goldberg (Eds.), Topics in cognitive development: Vol. 1. Equilibration: Theory, research and application (pp. 3-13). New York: Plenum Press.Tan, O. S., Parsons, R. D., Hinson, S. L., & Sardo-Brown, D. (2011). Educational Psychology: A practitioner-researcher approach. An Asian Edition (2nded). Singapore: Thomson.Â
- Teacher should create a safe and positive classroom climate for Jeremy.What defines a safe and positive classroom climate? Is a place where teachers and students cooperate to help everyone achieve success (2: Palincsar, 1998; Rogoff, 1998)Defined by a place which creates a predictable learning environment and provides individuals with physical and emotional security (Eggen & Kauchak, 2010)Why is there a need for the teacher to create a safe learning environment?Helps meet Jeremyâs needs for safety (as seen in Maslowâs hierarchy) ( Maslow 1968, 1970)Helps meet Jeremyâs needs for equilibrium (Piaget 1970, 1977)Helps meet Jeremyâs needs for autonomy (supported by the self-determination theory) (2: Brophy, 2006b; Roeser et al. 2006)Helps meet Jeremyâs needs for relatedness (supported by the self-determination theory) ( R.Ryan & Deci, 2000)How can the teacher create a safe learning environment?Modeling respect, courtesy and expecting students to do the same towards each other (2:Barth, 2002; Blum, 2005).Modeling fairness to all students (teacher should look out for his/her verbal and nonverbal communication to students to prevent biasness) (Tan, Parsons, Hinson, Sardo-Brown, 2011)For more explanation on Why is there a need for the teacher to create a safe learning environment?Read pages 332, 333 of eggenReferences:Piaget, J. (1970). The science of education and the psychology of the child. New York: Orion Press.Piaget, J. (1977). Problems in equilibration. In M. Appel & L. Goldberg (Eds.), Topics in cognitive development: Vol. 1. Equilibration: Theory, research and application (pp. 3-13). New York: Plenum Press.Tan, O. S., Parsons, R. D., Hinson, S. L., & Sardo-Brown, D. (2011). Educational Psychology: A practitioner-researcher approach. An Asian Edition (2nded). Singapore: Thomson.Â
- Homans, G.C. (1958). Social Behavior as Exchange. American Journal of Sociology,63 (6), 597â606.Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.
- Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (Eds.), (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.Fishbein, M. (1963). An investigation of relationships between beliefs about an object and the attitude toward that object. Human Relations, 16, 233-240.Graham, F. (1990). Attribution Theory: Applications to Achievement, Mental Health, and Interpersonal Conflict. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.