Ssd And Enteprise Storage
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SSD general intro and its application in enterprise storage environment
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Ssd And Enteprise Storage
- 1. SSD and its Application in Enterprise Storage Frank Zhao
- 3. Why SSD ? Disk drive becomes the performance bottleneck! Multiple core (Intel Nehalem) DDR3-1333: 10GB/s QFI: 25.6GB/s PCIe*16: 8GB/s FC disk: 150MB/s!
- 7. SSD - Performance 260X Cache rate 30X ~ 170X 180X 60X 16,000 46,000 115 220 0.02~0.12 512 73/128 = 57% 73 SLC STEC ZEUS IOPS Intel X25-E HDD Model 59.6/80 = 74.5% - User Space Rate 3,300 35,000 170 250 R 0.075, W 0.085 16 64 SLC 250 250 134 147 3.4 16 600 HDD15K rpm Media Type Random Write (IOPS) Random Read (IOPS) Sustained Write (MB/s) Sustained Read (MB/s) Access Time (ms) Cache (MB) Capacity (GB)
- 10. SSD: Cost 8X 83X $ /GB $ /IOPS
- 11. SSD Cost: trend 1Q08 2Q08 3Q08 4Q08 1Q09 Cost/GB vs High Performance FC ≈ 40 x ≈ 8 x ≈ 22 x
- 14. SSD Application in Enterprise BladeCenter HS21 2008 2009 2010 6 DS8000 3 9 6 3 9 12 ProLiant Blade, EVA Blade/Server Unified Storage 7000 ZFS upgrade Storage F5100 USP V/VM PAM(DRAM) RamSan on V3170 DMX-4 CX-4 2 nd Gen SSD FAST X/Blade /Power SVC 12
Editor's Notes
- So we need a better media: fast performance behaves like a disk for non volatile data store Large capacity and long Endurance
- Read:~25ms/page Write: Erase: 2ms/block Program: ~300ms/page. 12X slower than read NAND flash is data in a block can only be written sequentially. Number of Operations (NOPs) is the number of times the sectors can be programmed. So far this number for MLC flash is always one whereas for SLC flash it is four While NAND cannot inherently perform random access, it is possible at the system level through shadowing: More advanced semiconductor technology: 5X nm 4X nm 3X nm (x means an Arabic number) Larger page, block and spare area per 512 bytes: Page size * 2, Pages per Block * 2 spare area per 512 Bytes: 16 bytes 28 bytes Larger capacity: 2GB 4GB 8GB 16GB … Faster interface: ONFI 1.0 ONFI 2.0 ONFI 2.1 …
- Seagate: http://www.seagate.com/ww/v/index.jsp?locale=en-US&name=null&vgnextoid=cb5dcfc7e21de110VgnVCM100000f5ee0a0aRCRD STEC 3nd: 5.4W for idle mode; and 8.4W for ops Seagate: 11.6W for idle, and 16.3W for work
- Factors for wear out: Wear-leveling efficiency Write amplification NAND cycles SSD densities
- Performance
- Title Month Year FC disk: 620$/600GB = 1.1$/GB. ST3600057FC Seagate http://www.provantage.com/seagate-st3600057fc~7SEGS20E.htm Intel X-25E: 550$ /63GB = 8.6$/GB Intel X-25E, IOPS Random 4KB Reads: >35,000 IOPS Random 4KB Writes: >3,300 IOPS Active: 2.4W Typical (server workload¹) Idle (DIPM): 0.06 W Typical Chip Price SLC: 6$/GB, ~4X than MLC MLC: 1.6$/GB. 20X than SATA disk
- Title Month Year
- SSD tuned array SSD found Work load identification Data Migration automatically Get right data to the right place at right time automatically
- IBM In July 2007, IBM has already supported SanDisk’s SSD on BladeCenter HS21, but IBM following action is quite slow or isolated, it seems that IBM was not satisfied with flash-based NVRAM Right now, IBM X/Blade/Power server support SSD from STEC (SAS or SATA): “SSD Data Balancer” tool is available for Power DS8000 and SVCV5 support SSD from STEC (FC or SAS): DFSMS (“Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem” for DS8000 SUN: “SSD is “ an even bigger impact on datacenter economics than virtualization ”” said by Jonathan
- #1 interest and winning tech in storage EMC takes ~60% of enterprise SSD market share in US
- PAM: http://www.netapp.com/us/communities/tech-ontap/pam.html http://media.netapp.com/documents/wp-7061.pdf Second-layer cache to hold blocks evicted from WAFL buffer cache. ONTAP maintains a set of cache tags in system mem so as to determine whether or not a block resides in PAM without accessing in the card. To reduce avg read latency (especially small random read IO) PCIe card, dual-channel DMA to 16GB/card, integrated a FPGA for onboard intelligence Default mode (both metada and data) Metadata mode Low-priority mode: meta/data + low-priority data FlexCache with TMS+V FlexCache arch: http://media.netapp.com/documents/tr-3669.pdf http://www.netapp.com/us/products/platform-os/flexcache/ NFS client only
- Hybrid Storage Pool: https://www.sun.com/offers/docs/820-5881.pdf
- SUN: as SUN observed, NAND vendors don’t address the needs for the enterprise market, instead, they pay more effort on commodity or consumer parts (MLC NAND), in result, enterprise SSD (SLC NAND) remains quite expensive, from this point, SUN is preparing to use MLC NAND to cache huge dataset and ride the commodity trends to deliver more cost effective system. For data reliability issue of MLC NAND, SUN persists errors should only affect performance not correctness, so software should take the responsibility to manage the data reliability. Story is just beginning!
- From Sorin Faibish’s Slides