1. CANCER
Zerin Ziaudeen
MBA (HM)

2. WHAT IS CANCER ?

3. TYPES OF TUMORS

4. TYPES OF CANCER
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lung cancer
Breast cancer
Colon and rectal cancer
Endometrial cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Kidney cancer
Prostrate cancer
Thyroid cancer
leukemia

5. KINDS OF CANCERS

6. NAMING OF CANCER

7. ETIOLOGY

8. CAUSES OF CANCER
Environmental factors
Genetic
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Eg
• Retinoblastoma in Children
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Leukemia in Mongols
Tobacco
Alcohol
Dietary Factors
Occupational exposures
Viruses
Parasites
Customs ,habits, Lifestyles
Others – sunlight, pollution,
drugs

9. Factors Believed to Contribute to Global
Causes of Cancer

10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
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Early cancer no symptoms
Change in bowel habits or bladder functions
Sores that do not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Lumps or thickening of breast or other parts of
the body
• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• Recent change in wart or mole
• Persistent coughing or hoarseness

11. DIAGNOSIS
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Screening
Self examinations
Biopsy
X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, and
ultrasound scans
• Molecular diagnostic test

12. TREATMENTS
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Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Hormone therapy
Gene therapy
Cancer-specific immune system cells to treat
cancer

13. EPIDEMOLOGY OF CANCER

14. 2013 ESTIMATES

15. CANCER CAUSES IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING
ECONOMIES

16. Cancer scenario in India
Year wise total cancer prevalence in India [ICMR, 2006; ICMR, 2009]

17. Statewise depiction of the most incident cancers in India [Koul, 2010; ICMR, 2001; Somdatta, 2008; Das, 2005; Sharma, 2009; Gaur, 2006; Prasad, 2005; Malothu, 2010; Sumath
STATEWISE DEPICTION OF CANCER IN INDIA
Statewise depiction of the most incident cancers in India [Koul, 2010; ICMR, 2001; Somdatta, 2008; Das,
2005; Sharma, 2009; Gaur, 2006; Prasad, 2005; Malothu, 2010; Sumathi, 2009; (b) http//]

18. Cancer causes in India
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Dietary habits
Tobacco
Alcohol
Radiation
Miscellaneous pollutants

19. ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR DIFFERENT CANCERS IN INDIA
SMOKING & HOOKAH
BIDI & HOOKAH SMOKING
SMOKED MEAT,TOBACCO,
HOOKAH
BETEL NUT,
PANMASALA, ALCOHOL
BETEL CHEWING
TOBACCO USE IN DIFFERENT FORM
PAN MASALA AND ALCOHOL
NUCLEAR POLLUTION
TUIBUR
AIR POLLUTION
GALL STONES
PAN MASALA & GUTKA
Etiological factors for the prevalence of different cancers in India [Koul et al, 2010; ICMR, 2001;
Somdatta et al, 2008; Sharma et al, 2009; Gaur et al, 2006; Prasad et al, 2005; Malothu et al, 2010; Sumathi et al, 2009; (b): http//

20. COMPARISON OF CANCER
INDIA WITH GLOBAL SCENARIO
• 2020- 10 million deaths,70% in developing
countries ( Murray et al,1996)
• Incidence in India less than developed countries
(Fenley et al ,2001)
• Lung cancer worldwide 14%,all of india
6.8%(Nandakumar,2001)
• South east asian countries including India, lower
rates of stomach cancer (Parkin et
al,1999,WHO,2001),mizoram shows increased no
cases ( Hadjiiski et al, 2006)

21. INDIAN SCENARIO WITH USA (2001)
Comparison of cancer; Indian scenario with USA [Fenley et al, 2001]

22. Preventive measures of cancer
o physical activities
o avoiding obesities
o healthy dietary practices
o reducing occupational and environmental exposures
o reducing alcohol uses
o immunization against hepatitis B virus
o safe sexual practices for avoiding cancer genesis

23. RECENT STUDIES
• Lifestyle changes reduce the risk of prostate
cancer( published in the journal Nutrition and Cancer,
was carried out by researchers at UCLA's Jonsson
Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC).)
• Researchers Aiming To Suppress Therapy
Resistance In Brain Cancer
(http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/262571.php)
• Fish Oils Reduce Risk Of Breast Cancer
(http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/262612.php)

24. Life style changes reduce the risk of prostate cancer
(Nutrition and Cancer" Lenore Arab, PhD, et al. Nutrition and Cancer Jun-2013)
• Focuses on 8 new lifestyle recommendation by WCRF
• Encouraged physical activity and consumption of food
low in caloric density(under 125kcal/100 grams of food)
• who followed less than 4 recommendation at higher
risk(38%)

25. Research aiming to suppress therapy resistance in
brain cancer (Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres. Medical News Today.
MediLexicon, Intl., 29 Jun. 2013. Web)
• Gliomas are malignant brain tumors, treatment combines
radiotherapy with anticancer drug temozolomide
• Some cases shows resistance , DNA repair mechanism
aided by NAD+ molecule
• QRTP enzyme break down quinolinic acid to NAD+
molecule
• Agent directed against enzyme help suppress therapy
resistance in brain

26. Fish oil reduces the risk of breast cancer (Nordqvist, Joseph.
"Fish Oils Reduce Risk Of Breast Cancer." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 28 Jun. 2013. Web.)
• Links fish,n-3PUFA intake and risk of breast cancer
• Marine n-3PUFA intake associated with 14% reduced risk
of breast cancer
• For every 0.1g/day increase in consumption ,risk reduced
by 5%

27. CONCLUSION
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Increase in the no: of cancer patients every year
Factors responsible should be controlled
Create awareness about cancer and its prevention
Careful about diet and lifestyle

28. REFERENCE
• All about cancer
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/cancer-oncology/
• Imran Ali,Waseem A. Wani and Kishwar
Saleem,( 2011)Cancer Scenario in India with
Future Perspectives, Cancer Therapy Vol 8, 56-70
• National cancer institute, http://www.cancer.gov/
• Gobal cancer facts and figures,
http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@epidemiology
surveilance/documents/document/acspc-027766.pdf

30. THANK YOU