1. Presentation on:
Introduction To Biological Products,
Biotechnological Products
& Their Applications
Presented to:
Dr. Aun
Presented by:
Zahra Naz------------------------BS-BT-04
2. BS-Biotechnology (5th semester)
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan,
Pakistan.
4. Biological Products
(Biogenic Compounds)
“Substance Produced By A Living Organism”
e.g. by Human/Animal Tissue Or from Microbes
Examples:
Blood, Toxins Or Anti-toxin, Vaccine.
Types:
Four Main Types Of Biological Molecules Are:
a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins
c) Lipids
d) Nuclei Acids
5. Carbohydrates
The most abundant biological molecules
Carbon compounds containing large quantities
of hydroxyl groups
Energy rich compounds
Have a variety of important functions
(structural, nutritional , informational) in living
systems
6.
7. Lipids
Carbon containing ,non -polar bio-molecules
The most energy rich bio-molecules
Functionally much important as insulators, structural
components, energy storage ,etc.
8.
9. Proteins
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
sulfur
Almost half of a cell consists of proteins
Serve as structural components, control molecules
(enzymes), transport and messenger molecules in
animals
10.
11. Nucleic Acids
Large biological molecules, essential for all known
forms of life
Store information for cellular growth and
reproduction
Not a energy source like carbohydrates, proteins and
lipids
These are of two types:
a) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
b) ribonucleic acid (RNA)
13. Biotechnology
“The Controlled Use Of Biological Agents, Such As
Microorganisms Or Cellular Components.”
(US-National Science Foundation)
Biotechnology Products
“Products Which are Manufactured By Recombinant DNA
Technology(Produced By Biotechnology)”
Examples:
a) Antibiotics
b) Vaccines
c) Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)
d) Transgenic Plants
e) Beverages ,etc.
14. Antibiotics
Medicines which are useful
against bacterial actions and
are obtained from living
organisms
Vaccines
Weakened or dead microbes
for inoculation in the body to
produce immunity against the
infection that respective
healthy microbe can cause
15. Genetically Modified Organisms
(GMO’s)
Organisms with modified genetic material
or
organisms with foreign DNA.
Types:
Genetically Modified Animals
Genetically Modified Bacteria
Genetically Modified Plants
Genetically Modified Flowers
21. Characteristics of Proteins
Contain carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
Serve as structural
components of animals
Basic building block is the
amino acid
Serve as control molecules
(enzymes)
Serve as transport and
messenger molecules
22.
23. Levels of Organization
Primary structure
Amino acid sequence of the protein
Secondary structure
-H bonds in the peptide chain backbone
--helix and -sheets
Tertiary structure
Non-covalent interactions between the R groups
within the protein
Quanternary structure
Interaction between 2 polypeptide chains
24.
25. Types of Proteins
Globular Proteins – most of
what we have dealt with so
far
– Compact shape like a ball
with irregular surfaces
– Enzymes are globular
Fibrous Proteins – usually
span a long distance in the
cell
– 3-D structure is usually
long and rod shaped
– Keratin
26. Functions
Make up about 15% of the cell
Have many functions in the cell
– Enzymes
– Structural
– Transport
– Motor
– Storage
– Signaling
– Receptors
– Gene regulation
– Special functions
