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Comfort Women,[object Object],Ianfu,[object Object],慰安婦,[object Object]
Tessa Castellani,[object Object],Defining Comfort Women:Japan Focus,[object Object]
Introduction:  History of Comfort Women,[object Object],Comfort Women (JugunIanfu) were the victims of sex slavery by the Japanese military troops before and during World War II (1942-1945),[object Object],Women were kidnapped, forced, and/or tricked into becoming prostitutes for Japanese troops,[object Object],Earlier comfort women were Japanese prostitutes who volunteered for such a service,[object Object],The military found itself short of these women as Japan continued military expansion,[object Object],Turned to the local population to coerce women to serve the troops,[object Object],Soon the search was expanded to controlled territories:,[object Object],China, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Korea.    ,[object Object]
Comfort Station:  Shanghai, China,[object Object],[object Object]
Many women responded to calls for work as factory workers or nurses – unaware of the military’s true intentions.
Women were shipped all over  the territories  and many lost track of where they were and where their home was in relation.   ,[object Object]
What was Involved?,[object Object],According to the House of Sharing, a human rights museum and a safe house for former comfort women, when a woman was captured or lured into comfort stations, she was given a medical examination to determine if she was a virgin or diseased,[object Object],She was then raped by the medical examiner and sent to her station,[object Object],Her identity was quickly stripped of her as she was given a Japanese flower name by the first person to rape her. ,[object Object],The women's names were written on wooden blocks and hung up much like menus are at restaurants in Japan. ,[object Object]
On average, comfort women served 30 men daily on weekdays,[object Object],Served up to 50 men daily on weekends,[object Object],The days leading up to the soldiers shipping out to the front lines were the worst times,[object Object],Having sex before going into battle was a sign of good luck and vitality,[object Object],Some men would even take pubic hair for good luck,[object Object]
Women were beaten if they failed to act as if they enjoyed it or showed resistance,[object Object],Extremely sore after just a few men with dozens still left until the day’s end,[object Object],Some were given a few minutes to a half hour in-between to rest, but most were given only a jar of cotton swabs soaked in disinfectant and told to quickly clean before the next man,[object Object],Sometimes they were given a single condom which had to be washed in between uses,[object Object]
Medical Maladies,[object Object],Women were checked biweekly for STIs/STDs,[object Object],Contracting one or becoming pregnant would lead to punishment,[object Object],If given a “clean” bill of health, the woman would be raped by her physician(s) after check-up,[object Object],To combat STIs,[object Object],Injections of Mercury 606,[object Object],Their internal organs including their uterus were mostly destroyed through this method,[object Object],Forced hysterectomies ,[object Object]
Pregnancy:  The Worst Offense,[object Object],The most brutal punishment was reserved for women who had “let” themselves become pregnant,[object Object],Babies were forcibly aborted: ,[object Object],Kicking or knifing by a group of soldiers,[object Object],Raped with hot irons until the baby died,[object Object],Babies were subsequently chopped up and fed to dogs in front of the women to serve as an everlasting reminder,[object Object]
The Aftermath,[object Object],[object Object]
Comfort women who survived and were discovered by the Allied forces were not returned to their homelands; there was just too many of them
There is evidence supporting that American and European military personnel "recycled" many of the women for their own sexual use
Many were considered prostitutes rather than victims,[object Object]
Kim Hak Sun,[object Object]
Motivations & Reasoning,[object Object]
Statistics:  War crimes in Numbers,[object Object]
Adam,[object Object],The Rape of Nanking:  A Comparison,[object Object]
Kaitlyn Coons,[object Object],Comfort Women Outside Japan:A Global Menace,[object Object]
Alex,[object Object],Comfort Women of Today: ,[object Object]
Government Responses,[object Object],Many women today are seeking apologies and reparations from the Japanese government,[object Object],As late as 1990 Japan has denied government involvement in the use of comfort women,[object Object]
Kono Statement,[object Object],1991, a Japanese historian discovered government documents directly linking the government to use of comfort women,[object Object],This information was published in a national newspaper,[object Object],1992, Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa formally apologized to comfort women,[object Object],Despite the apology, Japan has never admitted legal responsibility, insisting it wasn’t a war crime, wasn’t an organized system,[object Object]
Asia women’s fund,[object Object],Set up in 1995, came with signed apology:,[object Object],"As Prime Minister of Japan, I thus extend anew my most sincere apologies and remorse to all the women who underwent immeasurable and painful experiences and suffered incurable physical and psychological wounds as comfort women.“ –Tomiichi Murayama,[object Object],Fund gave money from private donations, not government,[object Object]
United Nations Human Rights Commission Report,[object Object],1998, called Contemporary Forms of Slavery,[object Object],Use of comfort women was slavery, which was illegal in Japan at the time,[object Object],Rape was a war crime at the time,[object Object],Japanese government had committed crimes against humanity,[object Object],Japanese government is liable,[object Object]

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Comfort women draft #2

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  • 5. Many women responded to calls for work as factory workers or nurses – unaware of the military’s true intentions.
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  • 8.
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  • 10.
  • 11.
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  • 13. Comfort women who survived and were discovered by the Allied forces were not returned to their homelands; there was just too many of them
  • 14. There is evidence supporting that American and European military personnel "recycled" many of the women for their own sexual use
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