The document discusses the definitions and issues surrounding use of force and excessive force by police officers. It defines use of force as actions by police that are equal to or greater than the level of resistance from a suspect. Excessive force is considered any force beyond what is necessary in a situation. The document examines factors that can influence excessive force such as police training, leadership, social environment, and individual officer attitudes. It also discusses ethical frameworks like utilitarianism and egoism for analyzing use of force policies and incidents.

12. Egoism -Definition- Egoism maintains that each man should seek his own good and ignore that of others, except when this would be to his disadvantage. -Example- -Loaning money to a friend.