Hubble Telescope is used to observe in the near-infrared through the visible spectrum to the ultra-violet. This Telescope is placed above the distortion of the atmosphere, far above rain clouds and light pollution. Its advantage to avoid atmospheric turbulence.It has an extremely large field of view which is necessary to obtain high resolution images of large areas of the sky.

1. HUBBLE TELESCOPE(NASA)
Submitted by:
Yatish Bathla
Hamizeh Khalili

2. INTRODUCTION
 Named after scientist Edwin
Hubble
 launch in 24th April 1990.
 first major optical telescope
to be placed in space
 Used observe the most
distant stars and galaxies as
well as the planets in our
solar system.
 contributing to understand
astrophysical phenomena
and bringing the science of
astronomy into the public’s
awareness

3. BACKGROUND
 observing in the near-infrared through the visible
spectrum, to the ultra-violet.
 larger the telescope, the fainter and more distant
the objects that can be observed.
 Placed above the distortion of the atmosphere, far
above rain clouds and light pollution
 Advantage to avoid atmospheric turbulence
 HST have an extremely large field of view which is
necessary to obtain high resolution images of large
areas of the sky.

4. FEATURES
 allow astronomers to construct the highly detailed dark
matter maps of more galaxy clusters
 accurately determining the rate of expansion of the
universe
 HDF image is the most detailed visible-light image ever
made of the universe's most distant objects
 gave us our first close-up view of star birth and planet
formation
 Direct observations of protostars
 resolve Cepheid variable stars in moderately distant
galaxies
 Spiral and elliptical shaped galaxies are visible in the
image

5. WORKING
 Telescopes based on
Cassegrain telescopes
 Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)
 Cosmic Origins
Spectrograph(COS)
 Advanced Camera for
Surveys(ACS)
 Space Telescope Imaging
Spectrograph (STIS)
 Near Infrared Camera and Multi-
Object Spectrometer(NICMOS)
 Fine Guidance Sensors(FGS)
 solar arrays

6. DATA MOVEMENT
 sends and receives information
between Hubble and the Flight
Operations Team
 telescope has two main
computers and a number of
smaller systems
 translate the data into
scientifically meaningful units
such as wavelength or
brightness
 Each year around 1,000
proposals are reviewed and
approximately 200 are selected,

7. SERVICING MISSIONS AND NEW INSTRUMENTS
o Servicing Mission 1
High Speed Photometer by
COSTAR
o Servicing Mission 2
GHRS and the FOS by STIS
and NICMOS
o Servicing Mission 3A
all six gyroscopes, replaced a
Fine Guidance Sensor and
the computer, installed a
VIK
o Servicing Mission 3B
FOC (the last original
instrument) being replaced
ACS. This meant that
COSTAR was no longer
required

8. COST AND INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS
 initial price tag of $1.5 billion (US dollars).While
Keck telescopes which cost $94 million (US dollars)
 By 1992 costs had increased to $2.5 billion
 By 1999, approximately $3.8 billion had been
invested
 Till now estimated total cost will be about $6 billion
 Between 1990 and 2000 Hubble observed over
25,000 astronomical objects, completed more than
330,000 separate observations
 provided the data for more than 2660 scientific
papers.

9. SUMMARY
 The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a large Earth-
orbiting astronomical telescope designed by the United
States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA)
 Hubble observes the Universe from 380 mi (612 km)
above the earth, relaying pictures and data captured
above the distortions of Earth's atmosphere
 provide scientists with critical data relevant to studies
regarding the birth of galaxies, the existence of black
holes, and the workings of planetary systems around
stars.