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XEN – ARM port
CS523 Midterm Presentation

         Michael LeMay
          Dongyun Jin
        Sundeep Reddy
      Brian Schoudel I2CS
Phase #1
   Compile ARM/Linux
       Familiarized us with QEMU and ARM
        architecture
       Necessary, since Xen hosts Linux guest OSs
       Outcomes/deliverables:
          Instructions for building Linux kernel and software
           packages for ARM on QEMU
          Instructions for using NFS from within ARM/Linux
           on QEMU
Xen Architecture
QEMU system emulator
   http://www.qemu.org
   Processor emulator including support for
    ARM Integrator/CP
       ARM1026EJ-S processor
   Achieves good performance through
    dynamic translation
   Open source emulator
QEMU stumbling blocks
   QEMU mailing lists are unresponsive
       Paul Brook was personally very helpful, however
   Only offers support for ARM1026EJ-S processor,
    not newer ARMv6 series
   Doesn’t support VGA, causes Linux to crash if
    VGA enabled in kernel config
       Enabled verbose kernel messages to detect error
ARM Linux Compilation
   Cross compiler needed for any XEN, Linux
    compilations involving the ARM architecture
   Downloaded from CodeSourcery:
    http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/d
       Supports new ARM EABI
   Used kernel patches from arm.com, and
    compiled Linux v.2.6.16-rc3-xen for ARM
       Xen support disabled
ARM Linux System Creation
   Arm.com provides filesystem construction
    scripts
       Contains precompiled version of busybox, ftp,
        etc.
       Produces cramfs system image, loaded as
        ramdisk during QEMU/ARM bootup
ARM and NFS
       Client-Server model – server exports filesystem to
        client
       QEMU emulates network card on Integrator
         Host system acts as server
         Emulated Linux system running on QEMU acts as client
         Provides the means to install software and transfer files after
          booting up Linux on QEMU
         Should be possible to boot directly from NFS root fs, but
          difficult on QEMU (received strange error)
       Works under ARM Linux!
         We created script to install proper /etc/fstab in cramfs system
          image produced previously
Demonstration
   Connect to Michael’s home server
   Run QEMU with ARM/Linux
   Connect to NFS server
   Transfer file between AMD64/Linux server
    and ARM/Linux client
Phase #2
   Port Xen hypervisor to ARM
       This is the bottom layer in the Xen
        architecture
       First software to boot on system
Xen Architecture
Beginnings
   Based on Xen 3.0.1
       Based on Linux 2.6.12 kernel
       Supports IA32, IA32 PAE, AMD64, IA64
       Doesn’t include any support for ARM
Xen Source Layout
   xen-3.0.1
       buildconfigs: Makefiles
       docs: Documentation
       extras
            mini-os: Minimal OS used for testing
       linux-2.6-xen-sparse: Sources for stripped-
        down dom0 and domU
       patches: Patches for full Linux sources
       tools: Large collection of tools to run on dom0
       xen: Hypervisor sources
Xen Source Layout (cont.)
   xen
       acm: sHype mandatory access control
       arch: Architecture-specific implementation
            ia64: Itanium sources
            x86: IA32, IA32 PAE, and AMD64 sources
       common: Architecture-independent sources
       drivers: Common drivers for ACPI and console
       include: Include files
       tools: Figlet, for making block letter ASCII art, and
        other simple tools
Modifications
   Copied IA64-specific directories to form ARM-
    specific directories
       IA64 is simpler and better-organized than x86
   Copied ARM-specific architectural
    implementation files from Linux 2.6.16-rc3-xen
    into xen/arch
   Copied ARM headers from Linux into include/
    asm-arm
   Modified Makefile rules to use CodeSourcery
    cross-compilers and pass proper flags
Challenges/Successes
   Large base of architecture-specific C code
       Wanted to have hypervisor booted by this
        time, but simply too large a job
   Everything in xen directory compiles,
    except most of arch subdirectory
   Many warnings, undoubtedly many
    problems to resolve after compilation
    completes
Remaining Work
   Compile remaining files in arch
    subdirectory
       Will involve substantial porting effort
   Resolve problems with final executable
   Port Linux guest OS to form dom0 and
    domU, using ARM/Linux experience
    acquired earlier
Anticipated Difficulties
   ARM has only two protection rings, not
    four as is the case in x86 and IA64
       AMD64 only has two rings as well, perhaps we
        can learn from their modifications
   ARM has fairly unique MMU architecture
   ARM does not provide a timestamp
    counter, but the clocks Xen provides are
    based upon such a counter

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Lemay jin-reddy-schoudel

  • 1. XEN – ARM port CS523 Midterm Presentation Michael LeMay Dongyun Jin Sundeep Reddy Brian Schoudel I2CS
  • 2. Phase #1  Compile ARM/Linux  Familiarized us with QEMU and ARM architecture  Necessary, since Xen hosts Linux guest OSs  Outcomes/deliverables:  Instructions for building Linux kernel and software packages for ARM on QEMU  Instructions for using NFS from within ARM/Linux on QEMU
  • 4. QEMU system emulator  http://www.qemu.org  Processor emulator including support for ARM Integrator/CP  ARM1026EJ-S processor  Achieves good performance through dynamic translation  Open source emulator
  • 5. QEMU stumbling blocks  QEMU mailing lists are unresponsive  Paul Brook was personally very helpful, however  Only offers support for ARM1026EJ-S processor, not newer ARMv6 series  Doesn’t support VGA, causes Linux to crash if VGA enabled in kernel config  Enabled verbose kernel messages to detect error
  • 6. ARM Linux Compilation  Cross compiler needed for any XEN, Linux compilations involving the ARM architecture  Downloaded from CodeSourcery: http://www.codesourcery.com/gnu_toolchains/arm/d  Supports new ARM EABI  Used kernel patches from arm.com, and compiled Linux v.2.6.16-rc3-xen for ARM  Xen support disabled
  • 7. ARM Linux System Creation  Arm.com provides filesystem construction scripts  Contains precompiled version of busybox, ftp, etc.  Produces cramfs system image, loaded as ramdisk during QEMU/ARM bootup
  • 8. ARM and NFS  Client-Server model – server exports filesystem to client  QEMU emulates network card on Integrator  Host system acts as server  Emulated Linux system running on QEMU acts as client  Provides the means to install software and transfer files after booting up Linux on QEMU  Should be possible to boot directly from NFS root fs, but difficult on QEMU (received strange error)  Works under ARM Linux!  We created script to install proper /etc/fstab in cramfs system image produced previously
  • 9. Demonstration  Connect to Michael’s home server  Run QEMU with ARM/Linux  Connect to NFS server  Transfer file between AMD64/Linux server and ARM/Linux client
  • 10. Phase #2  Port Xen hypervisor to ARM  This is the bottom layer in the Xen architecture  First software to boot on system
  • 12. Beginnings  Based on Xen 3.0.1  Based on Linux 2.6.12 kernel  Supports IA32, IA32 PAE, AMD64, IA64  Doesn’t include any support for ARM
  • 13. Xen Source Layout  xen-3.0.1  buildconfigs: Makefiles  docs: Documentation  extras  mini-os: Minimal OS used for testing  linux-2.6-xen-sparse: Sources for stripped- down dom0 and domU  patches: Patches for full Linux sources  tools: Large collection of tools to run on dom0  xen: Hypervisor sources
  • 14. Xen Source Layout (cont.)  xen  acm: sHype mandatory access control  arch: Architecture-specific implementation  ia64: Itanium sources  x86: IA32, IA32 PAE, and AMD64 sources  common: Architecture-independent sources  drivers: Common drivers for ACPI and console  include: Include files  tools: Figlet, for making block letter ASCII art, and other simple tools
  • 15. Modifications  Copied IA64-specific directories to form ARM- specific directories  IA64 is simpler and better-organized than x86  Copied ARM-specific architectural implementation files from Linux 2.6.16-rc3-xen into xen/arch  Copied ARM headers from Linux into include/ asm-arm  Modified Makefile rules to use CodeSourcery cross-compilers and pass proper flags
  • 16. Challenges/Successes  Large base of architecture-specific C code  Wanted to have hypervisor booted by this time, but simply too large a job  Everything in xen directory compiles, except most of arch subdirectory  Many warnings, undoubtedly many problems to resolve after compilation completes
  • 17. Remaining Work  Compile remaining files in arch subdirectory  Will involve substantial porting effort  Resolve problems with final executable  Port Linux guest OS to form dom0 and domU, using ARM/Linux experience acquired earlier
  • 18. Anticipated Difficulties  ARM has only two protection rings, not four as is the case in x86 and IA64  AMD64 only has two rings as well, perhaps we can learn from their modifications  ARM has fairly unique MMU architecture  ARM does not provide a timestamp counter, but the clocks Xen provides are based upon such a counter