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Fuzzy Logic Control Based QoS
Management in Wireless Sensor/Actuator
Networks




                 Radu-Octavian CHIRITA
Introducere

    WSN : Wireless Sensor Network

    WSAN : Wireless Sensor/Actuator
     Network

    Folosirea intensa a senzorilor



                                       2
WSN
    Utilizare :
            Observarea starii lumii reale
            Strangere de informatii


    Capacitati
            Senzoriale;
            Computationale;
            Comunicationale;


    De multe ori nu este indeajuns

    Necesara prezenta unor actuatori

                                             3
WSAN
    Coexistenta senzori/actuatori

    Actuatorii :
             Interactioneaza;
             Produc schimbari;

    Utilizare in :
             Automatizari in casa;
             Control industrial;
             Sisteme de calcul omniprezente, etc.

    Cerinte stricte si variabile de QoS(Quality of Service)


                                                               4
Exemple QoS

 1.   Sistem pentru prevenirea incendiilor
       •   Trimitere raport in timp util
       •   Actionare actuatori rapida, mentinerea focului
           sub control


 3.   Smart Home
          Simtire prezenta umana
          Aprindere lumini
          Intarzierile pot deveni suparatoare

                                                            5
Quality of Service
    Caracteristici comune:
              Incredere;
              Promptitudine;
              Robustete;
              Adaptabilitate;

    Metrici
              Intarzieri
              Pierderi de pachete
              Ratare deadline
              Incarcarea retelei

    Greutati apar datorita:
              Resurselor limitate : low-cost, low-power, rata de transfer mica
              Topologie dinamica
              Eterogenitate inerenta a nodurilor
              Medii imprevibile




                                                                                  6
Cercetare si dezvoltare existente
    Framework pentru comunicatii in timp real (detectare
     evenimentelor, raportarea lor si coordonarea
     actuatorului)

    Protocol de routare constient de QoS

    Protocol de transmitere date pentru WSAN-uri lossy si
     cu resurse limitate




                                                             7
Arhitectura managementului QoS




    Senzorii: colecteaza date, le transmit wireless

    Transmitere : Single-hop, Multi-hop

    Modificari de retea -> modificare intarzieri, pierdere de
     pachete, incarcare retea

                                                                 8
FLC-QM
(Fuzzy Logic Control based QoS Management)




     Adaptarea ratei de esantionare

     Mentinere DMR(deadline miss ratio) sub un
      anumit prag

                                                  9
FLC-QM
    Motivul:
           Scaderea perioadei de esantionare -> Creste
            incarcarea retelei, sanse mai mari de coliziune


    Cresterea perioadei de esantionare ->
     utilizare ineficienta a latimii de banda

    Uneori o rata de esantionare mica este
     preferabila (app. sample-data control)

                                                              10
FLC-QM
(principiul de functionare)




     Un FLC-QM pentru fiecare senzor sursa
     Functionare in maniera time-triggered
     Aj calculeaza DMR
     QM stabileste o noua perioada de esantionare h(i+1)
     Perioada de esantionare a lui Si este constanta intr-un
      interval de invocare

                                                                11
FLC – Design



    Input:
           Eroarea de control a DMR e(k) = DMRʀ – DMR(k)
           Variatia erorii de(k) = e(k) - e(k-1)
    Output:
           Variatia ratei de esantionare dh(k)=h(k+1) – h(k)
    DMRʀ : rata de esec dorita

                                                                12
FLC – Design




   Functiile de apartenenta(st. sus)
   Matricea asociativa(dr. sus)
   Inferenta : max-min
   Defuzzificare : metoda centrului
    de greutate


                                        13
Evaluarea Performantei



    Simulare Matlbab
    Protocol ZigBee
    S1,S2,S3,S4 senzori sursa
    S5 senzor sursa ce intervine; perioada de esantionare fixa la
     runtime;
    S6 nod intermediar
    A1,A2 actuatori
    Perioada de esantionare noduri sursa : 10ms
    DMRʀ=10% ; T(FLC)=1s


                                                                     14
DMR: Clasic VS FLC - QM



    S3,S4,S5 – inactivi;
    S5 : ON         t=20s,
           OFF       t=40s;
    S3,S4 OFF pana t=60s;
    t=[20s,40s] :
     DMR(S1)~100%;
    Dupa t=60s, mesajele
     rateaza deadline;
    T=[0,20s] :
     DMR(S1)>DMR(S2); nod
     intermediar



                              15
Perioada de esantionare FLC - QM

  Perioadele sunt
   ajustate dinamic, la
   runtime
  Motivul diferentei DMR




                                   16
FLC-QM
(Avantaje)
    Generalitate
        Nu depinde de hardware sau tehnologia de retea
        Aplicabil indiferent de protocolul de routare,
         topologia retelei
    Scalabilitate
        Solutie distribuita
        Se implementeaza pentru fiecare nod
    Simplitate
        Algoritmul computational ieftin


                                                          17
FLC-QM
(Avantaje)
    Nu este necesar un model al procesului

    Folosirea controlului prin feedback

    Input imprecis , Output clar

    Aplicabil si pentru control non-linear



                                              18
Concluzii
    Ajustare dinamica

    Mentinere ratare deadline sub un prag

    Sistem eficient, robust, de incredere




                                             19
Referinte
    Fuzzy Logic Control Based QoS Management in
     Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks
     – Feng Xia, Wenhong Zhao, Youxian Sun, Yu-Chu Tian
     – Sensors 2007, 7, 3179-3191




                                                          20

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FLC-QM

  • 1. Fuzzy Logic Control Based QoS Management in Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks Radu-Octavian CHIRITA
  • 2. Introducere  WSN : Wireless Sensor Network  WSAN : Wireless Sensor/Actuator Network  Folosirea intensa a senzorilor 2
  • 3. WSN  Utilizare :  Observarea starii lumii reale  Strangere de informatii  Capacitati  Senzoriale;  Computationale;  Comunicationale;  De multe ori nu este indeajuns  Necesara prezenta unor actuatori 3
  • 4. WSAN  Coexistenta senzori/actuatori  Actuatorii :  Interactioneaza;  Produc schimbari;  Utilizare in :  Automatizari in casa;  Control industrial;  Sisteme de calcul omniprezente, etc.  Cerinte stricte si variabile de QoS(Quality of Service) 4
  • 5. Exemple QoS 1. Sistem pentru prevenirea incendiilor • Trimitere raport in timp util • Actionare actuatori rapida, mentinerea focului sub control 3. Smart Home  Simtire prezenta umana  Aprindere lumini  Intarzierile pot deveni suparatoare 5
  • 6. Quality of Service  Caracteristici comune:  Incredere;  Promptitudine;  Robustete;  Adaptabilitate;  Metrici  Intarzieri  Pierderi de pachete  Ratare deadline  Incarcarea retelei  Greutati apar datorita:  Resurselor limitate : low-cost, low-power, rata de transfer mica  Topologie dinamica  Eterogenitate inerenta a nodurilor  Medii imprevibile 6
  • 7. Cercetare si dezvoltare existente  Framework pentru comunicatii in timp real (detectare evenimentelor, raportarea lor si coordonarea actuatorului)  Protocol de routare constient de QoS  Protocol de transmitere date pentru WSAN-uri lossy si cu resurse limitate 7
  • 8. Arhitectura managementului QoS  Senzorii: colecteaza date, le transmit wireless  Transmitere : Single-hop, Multi-hop  Modificari de retea -> modificare intarzieri, pierdere de pachete, incarcare retea 8
  • 9. FLC-QM (Fuzzy Logic Control based QoS Management)  Adaptarea ratei de esantionare  Mentinere DMR(deadline miss ratio) sub un anumit prag 9
  • 10. FLC-QM  Motivul:  Scaderea perioadei de esantionare -> Creste incarcarea retelei, sanse mai mari de coliziune  Cresterea perioadei de esantionare -> utilizare ineficienta a latimii de banda  Uneori o rata de esantionare mica este preferabila (app. sample-data control) 10
  • 11. FLC-QM (principiul de functionare)  Un FLC-QM pentru fiecare senzor sursa  Functionare in maniera time-triggered  Aj calculeaza DMR  QM stabileste o noua perioada de esantionare h(i+1)  Perioada de esantionare a lui Si este constanta intr-un interval de invocare 11
  • 12. FLC – Design  Input:  Eroarea de control a DMR e(k) = DMRʀ – DMR(k)  Variatia erorii de(k) = e(k) - e(k-1)  Output:  Variatia ratei de esantionare dh(k)=h(k+1) – h(k)  DMRʀ : rata de esec dorita 12
  • 13. FLC – Design  Functiile de apartenenta(st. sus)  Matricea asociativa(dr. sus)  Inferenta : max-min  Defuzzificare : metoda centrului de greutate 13
  • 14. Evaluarea Performantei  Simulare Matlbab  Protocol ZigBee  S1,S2,S3,S4 senzori sursa  S5 senzor sursa ce intervine; perioada de esantionare fixa la runtime;  S6 nod intermediar  A1,A2 actuatori  Perioada de esantionare noduri sursa : 10ms  DMRʀ=10% ; T(FLC)=1s 14
  • 15. DMR: Clasic VS FLC - QM  S3,S4,S5 – inactivi;  S5 : ON t=20s, OFF t=40s;  S3,S4 OFF pana t=60s;  t=[20s,40s] : DMR(S1)~100%;  Dupa t=60s, mesajele rateaza deadline;  T=[0,20s] : DMR(S1)>DMR(S2); nod intermediar 15
  • 16. Perioada de esantionare FLC - QM  Perioadele sunt ajustate dinamic, la runtime  Motivul diferentei DMR 16
  • 17. FLC-QM (Avantaje)  Generalitate  Nu depinde de hardware sau tehnologia de retea  Aplicabil indiferent de protocolul de routare, topologia retelei  Scalabilitate  Solutie distribuita  Se implementeaza pentru fiecare nod  Simplitate  Algoritmul computational ieftin 17
  • 18. FLC-QM (Avantaje)  Nu este necesar un model al procesului  Folosirea controlului prin feedback  Input imprecis , Output clar  Aplicabil si pentru control non-linear 18
  • 19. Concluzii  Ajustare dinamica  Mentinere ratare deadline sub un prag  Sistem eficient, robust, de incredere 19
  • 20. Referinte  Fuzzy Logic Control Based QoS Management in Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks – Feng Xia, Wenhong Zhao, Youxian Sun, Yu-Chu Tian – Sensors 2007, 7, 3179-3191 20