1. M COURSE:
GROUP NUMER 8
MEDICAL ENGLISH.
E TEACHER:
TOPIC:
DRA. ROSA GONZÁLES LLONTOP.
CANCER SURGERY.
D MEMBERS:
ARBOLEDA DÍAZ OSCAR ENRIQUE
I
BECERRA SILVA FRANK YOWERI
CARRASCO HERRERA DENIS
MENDOZA HERNANDEZ ALEX
C PISCOYA TENORIO JORGE LUIS
TINEO TINEO DENNY
I CICLE: 2011-II
N
LAMBAYEQUE-PERU
November, 2011
E
H U M A N

2. CANCER SURGERY
Cancer Surgery is the surgical specialty that deals with the treatment of solid tumors of
the oro-esophageal tract, gastrointestinal, and endocrine parenchymal organs and
skin, mesenchymal tissues, neurogenic, bone and soft tissue. It also
includesprevention, genetic counseling, specific diagnosis, and staging procedures,
rehabilitation and follow-up care. The Surgical Oncology is focused
on multimodaltherapy.
Surgery may be used to diagnose, treat, or even
help prevent cancer in some cases.
Most people with cancer have some type of
surgery. Often offers the best chance of cure,
especially if the cancer has not spread to other
parts of the body.
Basic requirements for optimal surgical care of cancer are a deep knowledge of the
disease and an excellent and experienced surgical technique in the field of these
bodies, combined with a deep understanding of their function.
Basic surgical principles of oncologic surgery:
 Local excision of the tumor.
 Removal of regional lymph nodes.
 Management of local and regional recurrence.
 Possibility of surgical resection of distant metastases.
Responsibilities of the Surgeon Oncologist (on treatment):
1. Protocols involved in neo-adjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy using solid
tumors, radio-, immuno-, and hormone therapy.
2. Involved in radio-, chemo-, immuno-, and hormone therapy in advanced
tumors if surgery is part of the treatment protocol (eg neoadjuvant therapy in
advanced tumors).

3. 3. Have knowledge of regional chemotherapy (hepatic metastases, peritoneal
carcinomatosis, melanoma and soft tissue tumors of the extremities).
4. Take part in the organization of inter oncology consultations with other
specialties.
5. Be responsible for adherence to treatment protocols.
6. Take leadership in regard to cancer surgery among general surgeons who are
partially involved in this disease.
7. Prevention of tumors.
8. Monitoring programs tumors.
Responsibilities of the Surgical Oncology (with respect to research and education):
1. Organization and participation in research, prevention, diagnosis,
treatment and monitoring. (For example, multidisciplinary prospective
randomized clinical trials).
2. Move the new concepts of research in clinical practice, whether or not
combined with surgical procedures (in collaboration with basic researchers in
relevant fields, particularly in the use of biological therapies, immunological,
molecular and molecular genetics).
3. Oncology education into the general surgery and organ-based specialties.

4. THE SURGERY
Several times, surgery is the technique used to remove cancerous growths. For several
different types of cancer, surgical removal of a tumor may be enough to save the
patient. The probability of a surgical cure Depends of the size, location, and stage
ofdisease development. When removing a tumor, the surgeon tries to remove as much
as possible.
HOW IS CANCER SURGERY TRADITIONALLY?
The surgeon usually done through an incision
in the body and removing the cancer along with
some surrounding healthy tissue to ensure that
all the cancerwas removed. The surgeon may
also remove some lymph nodes in the area to
determine if the cancer has spread. This helps
the doctor evaluate the possibility that the
cure is, as the need for additional treatment.
In the case of breast cancer surgery, the doctor may remove the cancer by
removingthe entire breast (mastectomy) or by removing only the breast that
contains cancer and some surrounding tissue (lumpectomy). In the case of lung cancer
surgery, your doctor may remove part of a lung (lobectomy) or entire lung
(pneumonectomy) in an attempt to ensure that all cancer has been eliminated.
POST-SURGERY
The tissue is removed from the patient is usually examined by a pathologist for signsof
tumor cells at the edge of the incision. This is to ensure that all detectable
cancercells have been removed. If no cancer cells seen in the tissue around
the removed tissue, one can say that the specimen has "clean margins." This refers to
the fact that all visible tumor cells have been removed.

5. Using microscopes, pathologists can see very
close to the removed tissue to see if
any cancer cells that have been left
behind. If there are areas around the
perimeter of the tissue removed without
a margin of normal cells, then some cancer
cells have been left behind, as shown in the
animation below. In this case, the
surgeon can go back and remove more tissue around where the tumor was.
RISKS OF CANCER SURGERY
Surgery poses many risks to a cancer patient. Side
effects associated with surgical removal of tumors
are anesthesia complications, infections, and
immunosuppression.
Disposal of a tumor growth mayencourage many more:
A side effect of surgery of concern for cancer
patients is that removing the primary tumor
may directly stimulate cancer spread (the spread of
metastatic lesions).
Surgery is usually used in combination with radiotherapy and / or chemotherapy. The
combination of treatments depends on the type, location, and size of the tumor.