The document summarizes dentistry in 16th and 17th century England during the Renaissance period. It discusses dental hygiene practices at the time which involved using rosemary or sage tooth whitening scrubs. It also notes that the wealthy could afford sugary foods leading to higher rates of tooth decay among nobility compared to peasants. Lay barbers performed tooth extractions and tools included pelicans, forceps, speculums and mouth gags. Key figures who advanced dental anatomy knowledge included Leonardo Da Vinci, Fallope, Vesalius, Pare, Eustachius, Fauchard and Van Leeuwenhoek.

1. Dentistry in the
th and 17th Century
16

2. Overview : The Renaissance
Was characterized by printing methods,
discovery of America, the rise of humanism,
the reawakening of experimental method, and
the discovery of original texts of the classics.
In medicine- the medical classics were
beautifully printed, and the clinical study of
patient began. Anatomy, physiology, pathology,
and surgery came to the forefront.

3. Hmm.. what was dentistry
like during the
Renaissance in England??...

4. Dental
hygiene
-in the mid 16th
century, most people
used
Rosemary Charcoal to
maintain the
cleanliness of their
teeth.

5. Sage tooth whitening
scrub
“For teeth that are
yellow, take sage and
salt, and stamp them
well together, then
bake till it be hard,
and make a fine powder
thereof, then rub the
teeth evening and
morning.”

6. Once upon a time in England…
“Until the discovery of the New
World in the late 15th century,
Europeans hungered for sugar.
During the Renaissance period in
England, the wealthy bought
sugary foods and average person
could not afford sugar.”

7. “Even in Europe’s early
Renaissance courts, the
wealthy and powerful
regarded the refined
sweetener as a delicious
extravagance…

8. ..this led to tooth decay at
a much higher rate for
nobility than the peasants
who worked for them”

9. “ Her face, it is and appears to be very aged.
It is long and thin, and her teeth are very
yellow and unequal, compared with what they
were formerly, so they say, on the left side
less than of the right. Many of them are
missing so that one cannot understand her easily
when she speaks quickly.”
- Andre Hurault-Sieur de Maisse, 1597
( French ambassador to Elizabeth’s court)
Queen Elizabeth of
England

10. Fun Fact!!
Don’t you know that Queen
Elizabeth stuffed rags into her
mouth to prevent appearing as
though she had hollow cheeks?
LOL!!!

11. Type of person who
extracts
teeth during
a. barbers
Renaissance:
b. wig makers
c. blacksmiths
d. persons who put shoes on horses

12. Lay barbers - professional
tooth extractors during
Renaissance.

13. Dental tools used in Renaissance Period :
Dental Pelican (1600s)
• named because of their resemblance to a
pelican’s beak
• were tooth extraction tools used from the
14th century through the late 18th century.
• examples like this French or Italian pelican
consisted of a rotating claw mounted on a
shaft in an adjustable slot.

14. Dental Forceps (1600s)
• used in grasping and extracting teeth —
this 17th century Italian pair being more
rudimentary than modern examples.

15. Oral Speculum (1600s)
• used to open a body cavity for investigation
or medical procedures.
• This model of oral speculum worked like a
reverse vise, with the screw prying open
the patient’s mouth for easy access.

16. Dental Mouth Gag (1500s)
•
•
•
used to keep patients’ mouth open during
procedures.
This 16th century gag uses wing nuts to
open and close the handles and lock them in
place.
It could have also been used to pry open the
mouths of patients suffering from lockjaw.

17. “Key People and
Events
of the Renaissance”

18. Howdy Humans!
I am Leonardo Da Vinci and I’m
the 1st to dissect human
cadavers for anatomical
knowledge. I accurately drew
the skull, teeth and associated
parts realizing normal occlusion.
I also described maxillary &
frontal sinuses.
1452-1519

20. GABRIELE FALLOPE
1523-1562
 An anatomist who gave us the
terms: hard palate and soft palate.
 Best described the trigeminal,
auditory, and glossopharyngeal
nerves,
 Discovered the chorda tympani,
semicircular canals and sphenoidal
sinus.

21. Andreas Vesalius (15131564) greatest anatomist of the
 Was the
age.
 His name was associated with dental
anatomy, dental follicle, and dental
eruption.
 His work, De Humani Corporis
Fabrica Libri Septum (Fabric of the
Human Body) was published in
1543.

22.  Describes for the first time
the anatomy and function of
the dental pulp cavity.
 Counted teeth as bones.

23. Ambrose Paré (15101564)
 He was the father of Modern Surgery
and French barber surgery.
 He popularized the use of
ligatures, and he was famous for
devising artificial limbs and palatal
obturators.

24. • Introduced the lancing of
infants' gums using a lancet or
scalpel during teething.
• He described proper tooth
extraction, transplantation,
and artificial teeth of bone
and ivory.

25. Gerolamo Cardano
(1501-1676) was the
first to describe the
relationship of tooth
infractions and joint
disturbances.

26. Hello future dentists!
Hieronymous
Fabricius and I’ve described
I am
dental operations of this period :
feeding of the patient with closure
of the jaws, cleaning teeth,
treatment of the dental decay,
filling cavities with gold leaf,
resection of irregular teeth, filling
uneven or sharp teeth, and
extraction.
15371619

27. Giovanni di Vigo (1460-1520)
Described gold leaf for
filling material; but
advised it to be
done by specialists- not
barbers or quacks.

28. Bartolome Eustachi
1574) was the first to
• Eustachius
publish a treatise on dental
anatomy, Libellus de Dentibus in
1563.
• Elucidation of the periodontal
membrane
• Explained the difference between
enamel and dentin
• the first to describe the dental
pulp and its role in sensation
within the teeth.
(1520-

29. Libellus de dentibus
- published at Venice in 1563, the
book about teeth.
-it is the first treatise ever written
on the anatomy of teeth, and
represents a note worthy progress in
this branch of study

30. Gian Filippo Ingrassia
(1510-1580)
- first who spoke of the
dental “Germ”.

31. th
17
Century
Pierre Fauchard
-The father of modern
Dentistry
-introduced dental filling as
treatment for dental
cavities.

32. -asserted that sugar
derivate acids like tartaric
acid were responsible for
dental decay.
-suggested that tumors
surrounding the teeth, in
gums, could appear in the
later stages of tooth decay.

33. -was the pioneer of dental
prosthesis, and he discovered
many methods to replace lost
teeth.
-suggested that substitute could
be made from carved blocks of
Ivory or Bone.

34. -introduced dental braces (made
of gold) because he discovered
that teeth position could be
corrected as the teeth would
follow pattern of the wires.
Don’t you know??
Waxed linen or silk
threads were
usually employed to
fasten the braces
before

35. Antoni Van
Leeuwenhoek (16321723)
- the first maker of powerful
microscopes
and the father of Microbiology
-he discovered the tubular structure of
the dentine or tooth bone.
-He said that 600 to 700 of the
dentinal tubuli have hardly the
consistence of one hair of a beard

36. Johann Schultes (1595-1645)
-was the author of a very important work entitled Armamentarium
Chirurgicum, in which are given plates and descriptions of almost all the
surgical instruments that had been use up to that date.

37. Schultes instruments in his
book:
•Several kinds of pelicans
•The common dental forceps (cognolo)
•The crow’s beak forceps (rostrum corvinum)
•Two special dental forceps (dentiduces)
•Bifid and trifid elevators (vectes bifidi et trifidi)
•Dentiscalpia
•A silver funnel or cannula (Infundibulum seu
fistula argentea)
•Forceps more or less like in form to the beak
of the parrot or the vulture(rotrum psittacinum et
vulturinum)
•A screw dilator(dilatatorium cum cochlea)

38. The
End
Thanks,
Xandra 