Shows the geometry of hybrid orbital bonding in various compounds. **More good stuff available at: www.wsautter.com and http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f

1. Copyright Sautter 2015

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3. SPACITAL ORIENTATION OF ORBITALS IS
DESIGNATED BY SUBSCRIPTS FOR THE
p, d ORBITALS AND f ORBITALS. S ORBITALS
REQUIRE NO DESIGNATION SINCE THERE
IS ONLY ONE POSSIBLE S ORBITAL.
p ORBITALS OCCUR IN THREES, d ORBITALS
IN FIVES AND f ORBITALS IN SEVENS.
THEREFORE IN THE CASES OF p, d AND f
ORBITALS EACH ONE REQUIRES SPECIFIC
IDENTIFICATION IN ORDER TO DIFFERENTIATE
ONE ORBITAL OF THE SAME TYPE FROM
ANOTHER.
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4. S ORBITAL
SHAPE
1S 4

5. P ORBITAL
SHAPES
PX
PY
PZ
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6. D ORBITAL
SHAPES
dz2
dyz dxz
dxz dx2-y2
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8. TYPES OF HYBRID ORBITALS & BONDS
S ORBITAL OVERLAP
SP BONDING
SP2 BONDING
SP3 BONDING
LONE PAIR ELECTRONS
MULTIPLE BONDS (DOUBLE & TRIPLE)
SIGMA BONDS
PI BONDS
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9. WHEN TWO HYDROGEN ATOM COMBINE TO FORM
H2 THE 1S ATOMIC ORBITALS OVERLAP EACHOTHER.
THIS OVERLAP OF ATOMIC ORBITALS GIVES A NEW
COMMON ORBITAL SPACE WHERE A PAIR OF BONDING
ELECTRONS CAN RESIDE. THE GREATER THE OVERLAP
THE STRONGER THE BOND BETWEEN THE ATOMS
AND THE ATOMS MOVE CLOSER TOGETHER. A SHORTER
BOND LENGTH AND GREATER BOND ENERGY RESULTS.
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10. 1S ORBITAL
OVERLAP
IN H2
1S
1S
H
H
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11. SP3 HYBRID
ORBITALS IN
CH4 11

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