Biodiesel 101

Biodiesel 101 & Technical Overview National Biodiesel Board Technician Outreach Program September 2009

After today’s session, you will be able to do the following: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biodiesel Driving Forces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why People Want Biodiesel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],National Biodiesel Board

Why make biodiesel? Diesel fuel injectors are not designed for viscous fuels like vegetable oil Glycerin (thick) Biodiesel

Biodiesel Defined ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Beware of Biodiesel Imposters! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is Biodiesel?? Ethanol—NO! Raw Veg Oil—NO! “ Bio-Willie” Yes, but not from marijuana oil!

Ethanol is not Biodiesel!!! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biodiesel Raw Materials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transesterification (the biodiesel reaction) Fatty Acid Chain Glycerol Methanol (or Ethanol) One triglyceride molecule is converted into three mono alkyl ester (biodiesel) molecules Biodiesel Triglyceride

Biodiesel Reaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Biodiesel (100 lbs.) + Glycerin (10 lbs.) In the presence of a catalyst Combining Yields

B100--Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Important Biodiesel Parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

B100 Blending Component Specification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],D6751-08 Requirements McCormick, R.L, Westbrook, S.R. “Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends” Standardization News , page 28, April 2007

ASTM Biodiesel Specs Now Approved ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

BQ 9000 Quality Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ASTM D 6751 is CRITICAL BQ 9000 is becoming a given

B6-B20 Blend Specification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Spec Grade B20 and Lower ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biodiesel Performance Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Enhanced Lubricity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cleaner emissions * http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/npbf/pdfs/38296.pdf Emission Type B100 B20 B2 Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20% -2.2% Carbon Monoxide -48% -12% -1.3% Particulate Matter -47% -12% -1.3% Oxides of Nitrogen (NO X ) +10% +/-2%* +.2%

Going over B20 requires caution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Out of spec B100: High raw oil

Additional biodiesel properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cold Flow Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biodiesel Handling and Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Engine to Fuel System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Operational issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biodiesel and New Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DPF: Balance Point Temp - Regeneration Rate Results BPT ULSD 360 ºC B20 320ºC B100 250ºC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

B20 vs. Diesel: In the shop ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What could I see in a Diesel Fuel Filter? Diesel Oxidation or Aphaltenes Diesel Fuel Paraffin wax

What could I see in a Diesel Fuel Filter? Water saturated filter paper Other contaminants like water and sediment or microbial contamination

What could I see that’s different than normal Diesel Fuel Filters? Partial reaction products from off specification biodiesel or imposter biodiesel

Filter Biodiesel plant Filter Filter Oil Filter Filter Filtration

OEM Support for Biodiesel Blends

OEM’s and Biodiesel Support ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OEM Biodiesel Blends ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

US Biodiesel Production National Biodiesel Board 700 Million Gallons Changes to EPACT Bioenergy Program Biodiesel Tax Incentive

Availability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distribution Locations 2007 Type of Seller Both Retail & Bulk (343) Bulk Distribution (1515) Retail Outlets (760)

Biodiesel Production Locations Represent ~ 80% of biodiesel production volume in U.S.

Biodiesel in America ,[object Object],[object Object]

Truck Market ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

NBB Resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biodiesel 101

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