presentatie geselecteerd paper ’Planning 0-energy cities, using local energy sources'; paper gepubliceerd in boek dat samengesteld is n.a.v. conferentie: 'Towards 0-Impact Buildings and Built Environments; eds: R.Rovers, J.Kimman, C.Ravesloot; Techne Press, Amsterdam, 2010'

1. 11/10/2010
Planning 0 energy cities
using local energy resources
Wouter Leduc
RiBuilT
Landscape Architecture Chair group, Wageningen UR
SB10, Session 8, October 12th 2010
Outline
Problem
Strategies to tackle
Method
Results: applied for Kerkrade West
Conclusions
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2. 11/10/2010
Problem
High energy consumption
Growing urbanization increasing pressure on
available resources
High fossil fuel use and waste production non
sustainable
Problem
Cities disconnected from sources distances do
not matter (fossil fuel based system)
Decreasing supply of resources, increasing
dependency
Energy use not efficient
Lack of integration between urban planning &
resources management
Energy conflicts & climate change
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3. 11/10/2010
Strategies to tackle
Trias Energetica:
Limit energy demand
Use renewable energy
(If necessary, use fossil fuels as efficiently and
cleanly as possible)
Fossil fuels not desirable
Reduce by re use (re cycling, cascading)
Strategies to tackle
Urban area = reservoir of un used or un tapped
sources of energy (urban energy) that are harvestable:
Renewable
Residual (waste)
Exergy = non used fraction of energy (energy quality)
Waste = food (remaining flow = remaining quality)
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4. 11/10/2010
Urban Harvest of local resources
Figure 1 Modeling city environmental performance: from sources-and-sinks to Urban Harvest
H arvesting of water,
win d
and energy
Non-re newable energy, Emissions to soil,
water, m aterials water and air Re use d and rec yc led w aste
materia ls, ga ses and liquids
Urban Harvest
Circular metabolism, waste = food
Sources-and-sinks
Linear metabolism, resource to waste
Method
1. Land use
distribution
Initial Minimization Minimization
demand measures m easures
ID Demand Supply Cascade
Inventory + + m easures
(Quantity,
Recyclin g
quality, location
m easures
and time
Dem an d Dem an d -
- Mu ltiso urce
2. Deman d 3. Demand minimization 4. Couple supply – Demand 5. Optimize supply-
inventory strategies and supply demand
inventory Use of decision tree
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5. 11/10/2010
Case study: Kerkrade West (South NL)
Results: abstraction Kerkrade West
Spekholzerheide business Dentgenbach
S
Lake & green
Cranenweyer
T
Business
Recreation
Gaia park
A
B Houses
D
Locht
U I
Industry S U
M
Offices I
Roads 100m
N
Shops V
E
A
S Houses
C Agriculture
S
A
N
Business T
Willem Sophia
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6. 11/10/2010
Energy qualities demand
Function Electricity demand Heat/gas demand
GWh TJ
Business/industry 435 2,070
Houses 24 480
Other 22 100
Local supply and demand reduction – electricity
Business
Gaia
Stadium Lake +
green 2
Houses 3 4
Agriculture
1
Vacant Roads
Business
Demand Scen mod Scen max
1 = reduction passive house, laundry service
2 = PV on roofs, vacant land, floating
3 = wind turbines on vacant land
4 = business area function changes
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Local supply and demand reduction – heat
2 4
1 3
5
Demand Scen mod Scen max
1 = reduction passive house
2 = solar boilers on roofs
3 = road heat potential
4 = business area function changes
5 = hydrogen via wind turbines
Data summary (scen max)
Electricity Heat/gas
GWh TJ
Demand 481 2,650
Passive house 4 314
Adjustments business area 180 410
PV 223
Wind turbines 405
Hydrogen 306 1,500
Solar boilers + road 418
Biogas 27
Total improvement 508 2,670
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8. 11/10/2010
Conclusions
Urban area can provide large part of its energy
demand
Harvesting local renewable and residual resources
crucial towards 0 energy cities
Urban planning: towards 0 energy, 0 material and 0
water cities aim for integrated urban system
harvesting local resources + combine urban functions
+ combine urban flows
Further research
Apply method for new to build urban development
Energy grid SMART: cope with several, small,
possible intermittent suppliers; storage capacity
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9. 11/10/2010
Take home message
Urban area = reservoir of un used, untapped energy
qualities
No waste waste = food
Demand reduction!!
Thanks!
Questions?
I want to thank my colleagues:
Claudia Agudelo
Ferry Van Kann
Leo Gommans
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