Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Interpretive listening
1.
2. New Generation Language Standards
(Interpretative-Listening) & 21st Century
Technology
When: January 18, 2012
Time: 4:30-7:30 p.m.
Where: ESC Room 224
3. Interpretive Listening Standard:
The student will be able to understand and interpret
information, concepts, and ideas orally from a variety
of culturally authentic sources on a variety of topics
in the target language.
4. Remember:
According to research in Second Language Acquisition;
Language learning takes place in stages. Interpretive skills
(listening, reading) develop much more quickly than expressive
skills (speaking, writing)
Question: How much opportunity is there for interpretive listening
in your classroom?
5. Listening is the language modality that is used most
frequently. It has been estimated that adults spend almost
half their communication time listening.
Listening and Speaking go hand in hand!
Often, however, language learners do not recognize the
level of effort that goes into developing listening ability.
6. Two-Way Communication
In authentic two-way communication, the listener focuses on
the speaker's meaning rather than the speaker's language. The
focus shifts to language only when meaning is not clear.
Note the difference between the teacher as teacher and the
teacher as authentic listener in the dialogues that follow
7. Authentic two-way communication
Teacher as Teacher
T: Hello, Sam! We missed you in class yesterday. What happened?
S: I go to doctor for my tooth.
T: Oh, you WENT to the DENTIST? A doctor for teeth is called a
dentist.
S:Yes, dentist.
T: What happened at the dentist?
S: He have to take out tooth. After my mouse hurt too bad.
T: Oh, he HAD to take out your tooth? Remember, the past of "have" is
"had." And it wasn't your mouse that hurt, it was your mouth.
Is this how we communicate in the “real world?” How would a
student feel after having this conversation?
8. Authentic two-way communication
Teacher as Authentic Listener
T: Hello, Sam! We missed you in class yesterday. What happened?
S: I go to doctor for my tooth.
T: For your tooth? Did you have a problem with your teeth?
S:Yes, the doctor have to take out tooth. After my mouse hurt too
bad.
T:Your mouse . . . oh, your mouth hurt. Does it hurt now? Will
you be okay in class today?
S: No, not hurt now. Well, maybe a little.
T: Okay, well, if it hurts too much and you need to leave, just tell
me.
9. Goals for Interpretive listening:
We want to produce students who can fend for themselves in
communication situations, even if they do not have complete
control of the grammar.
11. To accomplish this goal, instructors focus
on the process of listening rather than on
its product.
12. Best Practices in Teaching Listening:
Teachers develop students' awareness of the listening process and listening strategies by asking students
to think and talk about how they listen in their native language.
They allow students to practice the full repertoire of listening strategies by using authentic listening tasks.
They behave as authentic listeners by responding to student communication as a listener rather than as a
teacher.
When working with listening tasks in class, they show students the strategies that will work best for
the listening purpose and the type of text. They explain how and why students should use the strategies.
They have students practice listening strategies in class and ask them to practice outside of class in their
listening assignments. They encourage students to be conscious of what they're doing while they complete
listening tape assignments.
They encourage students to evaluate their comprehension and their strategy use immediately after completing
an assignment. They build comprehension checks into in-class and out-of-class listening assignments, and
periodically review how and when to use particular strategies.
They encourage the development of listening skills and the use of listening strategies by using the target
language to conduct classroom business: making announcements, assigning homework,
describing the content and format of tests.
13. Listening for Meaning
To extract meaning from a listening text, students need to follow
four basic steps:
14. Step 1-What is the Purpose?
Figure out the purpose for listening. Activate background
knowledge of the topic in order to predict or anticipate
content and identify appropriate listening strategies.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6fcjum_8-U&feature=player_detailpage
16. Step 2: Selective
Attend to the parts of the listening input that are relevant to
the identified purpose and ignore the rest. This selectivity
enables students to focus on specific items in the input and
reduces the amount of information they have to hold in short-
term memory in order to recognize it.
Example: listening to see what to wear tomorrow versus
listening for weather in specific location for sightseeing purposes
17. Step 3: Select top-down and bottom-up strategies
that are appropriate to the listening task Select
Strategy
Top-down strategies Bottom-up strategies
Top-down strategies are listener based; the Bottom-up strategies are text based;
listener taps into background
knowledge of the topic, the situation or the listener relies on the
context, the type of text, and the language in the message, that
language. This background knowledge is, the combination of sounds,
activates a set of expectations that help words, and grammar that creates
the listener to interpret what is heard and meaning. Bottom-up strategies
anticipate what will come next. Top- include
down strategies include
listening for specific details
listening for the main idea
recognizing cognates
predicting
recognizing word-order patterns
drawing inferences
summarizing
18. Step 4: Comprehension Checks
•Check comprehension while listening and when the
listening task is over.
•Monitoring comprehension helps students detect
inconsistencies and comprehension failures,
directing them to use alternate strategies if
necessary.
19. Let’s Plan a Listening
activity about weather
Novice Mid: Demonstrate understanding of simple information supported by visuals through a variety of
media.
Novice High: Demonstrate understanding of key points on familiar topics presented through a variety of
media.
Intermediate Low: Identify key points and essential details on familiar topics presented in a variety of
media.
Intermediate Mid: Identify essential information and supporting details on familiar topics presented
through a variety of media.
Intermediate High: Confirm understanding of the message and purpose of a variety of authentic sources
found in the target culture such as TV, radio, podcasts, and videos.
Advanced Low: Demonstrate understanding of information obtained from authentic sources such as TV,
radio, interviews, podcasts, and videos in order to function for personal needs within the target culture.
20. Step 1: Activate Background
Knowledge/Purpose
May include:
•looking at pictures, maps, diagrams, or graphs
•Watching something similar in native language
•reviewing vocabulary or grammatical structures
•reading something relevant
•constructing graphic organizers
•predicting the content of the listening text
•going over the directions or instructions for the activity
•doing guided practice
21. Step 2: Selective Listening
Sample while-listening activities
•listening with visuals
•filling in graphs and charts
•following a route on a map
•checking off items in a list
•listening for the gist
•searching for specific clues to meaning
•completing cloze (fill-in) exercises
•distinguishing between formal and informal registers
23. Step 4: Comprehension Checks
In order to provide authentic assessment of students' listening proficiency, a
post-listening activity must reflect the real-life uses to which students might
put information they have gained through listening.
•It must have a purpose other than assessment
•It must require students to demonstrate their level of listening
comprehension by completing some task.
25. Brainstorm Ideas for Authentic Listening
Experiences
What could you use and for what purpose?
26. Web 2.0 and Listening Activities
Spanish Proficiency Exercises is a compilation of brief video clips in which native speakers of
Spanish from various locations throughout Latin America and Spain demonstrate various
language tasks.
Estudio.net - http://www.esaudio.net/recordings/
MerlotWorld Languages Portal: http://worldlanguages.merlot.org/
http://langmedia.fivecolleges.edu/lm_collection.html
Youtube!!! www.youtube.com Example: MacDonald’s Commercial Spanish, French , German
Google in target language (Ex.Trailers, ads)
Music!
27. Resources
National Capital Language Resource Center (NCLRC). (n.d.). The
essentials of language teaching. Retrieved January 18, 2012 from
http://nclrc.org/essentials.
