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Scale PHP Sites with Reverse Proxies and Edge Side Includes

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Wim Godden
Wim Godden

This document summarizes a presentation about using caching and reverse proxies like Nginx and Varnish to improve PHP application performance and scalability. It discusses using Edge Side Includes (ESI) and a custom caching language (SCL) to cache dynamic and user-specific content on the edge. Benchmark results show these techniques reducing server requirements by over 80% for some applications like vBulletin forums. The presenter also provides contact information and announces plans to open source the SCL caching language.

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Remove PHP calls & scale your site like crazy ! Wim Godden Cu.be Solutions
Who am I ? Wim Godden (@wimgtr) Founder of Cu.be Solutions (http://cu.be) Open source developer since 1997 Developer of OpenX, PHPCompatibility, ... Speaker at PHP and Open Source conferences
Who are you ? Developers ? System/network engineers ? Managers ?
To understand the present Understand the past
The Stone Age New blog post by : caveman003
Pre-PHP : draw it and make html
The Egyptian Era
Old-school PHP : 'rebuild-every-time'
The Industrial Revolution
PHP : let's cache
Extra ! Extra !
PHP : dynamic content in static content
The Modern Era
PHP : multiple webservers
PHP : push updates to cache
Today
Adding reverse proxy caching
Website X with ESI Article content page Page content Header Latest news Navigation
Website X with ESI Article content page Page content Header (TTL = 2h) Latest news Navigation (TTL = 1h)
Website X with ESI Article content page Page content (TTL = 30m) Header (TTL = 2h) Latest news (TTL = 2m) Navigation (TTL = 1h)
Going to /page/id/732 <esi:include src="/header"/> <esi:include src="/nav"/> <esi:include src="/latest-news"/> <esi:include src="/article/id/732"/>
A simple benchmark – 2KByte JPEG Apache 2.2 4210 IIS 7.5 3960 Varnish 3.0 11400
A dynamically generated, but static page Apache 2.2 + PHP (3 DB queries) 18 IIS 7.5 + .Net (3 DB queries) 16 Varnish 3.0 11400
Varnish - what can/can't be cached ? Can : Static pages Images, js, css Static parts of pages that don't change often (ESI) Can't : POST requests Very large files (it's not a file server !) Requests with Set-Cookie User-specific content
ESI → no caching on user-specific content ? Logged in as : Wim Godden 5 messages TTL = 5minTTL=1h TTL = 0s ?
Nginx Web server Reverse proxy Lightweight, fast 12.81% of all Websites
Nginx No threads, event-driven Uses epoll / kqueue Low memory footprint 10000 active connections = normal
ESI on Nginx Logged in as : Wim Godden 5 messages NEWSMenu
ESI SCL on Nginx <scl:include key="news" src="/news" ttl="5m" /> <scl:include key="menu" src="/menu" ttl="1h" /> <scl:include key="top" src="/top" session="true" ttl="1h" />
Requesting /page (1st time) Nginx Shared memory 1 2 3 4 /page /page
Requesting /page ESI subrequests (1st time) Nginx 1 2 3 /menu /news /top (in ESI session)
Requesting /page (next time) Nginx Shared memory 1 2 /page /menu /news /top (in ESI session) /page
New message is sent... POST /send DB insert into... set(...) top (in ESI session)
Advantages No repeated GET hits to webserver anymore ! At login : POST → warm up the cache ! No repeated hits for user-specific content Not even for non-specific content
News added addnews() method DB insert into... set(...) Memcache key /news
Advantages No repeated GET hits to webserver anymore ! At login : POST → warm up the cache ! No repeated hits for user-specific content Not even for non-specific content No TTLs for non-specific content
How many Memcache requests ? Logged in as : Wim Godden 5 messages <scl:include key="news" src="/news" ttl="5m" /> <scl:include key="menu" src="/menu" ttl="1h" /> <scl:include key="top" src="/top" session="true" ttl="1h" />
First release : ESI Part of the ESI 1.0 spec Only relevant features implemented Extension for dynamic session support But : unavailable for copyright reasons
Rebuilt from scratch : SCL Session-specific Caching Language Language details : Control structures : if/else, switch/case, foreach Variable handling Strings : concatenation, substring, ...
SCL code samples <scl:switch var="session_var('isAdmin')"> <scl:case value="1"> <scl:include key="admin-buttons" src="/admin-buttons.php" /> </scl:case> <scl:default> <div id="just-a-user"> <scl:include key="user-buttons" src="/user-buttons.php" /> </div> </scl:default> </scl:switch>
SCL code samples <scl:foreach item="messageId" src="cache_var('thread' + query_var('threadId'))"> <scl:include key="'thread-message_' + messageId" src="'/thread/message.php?id=' + messageId" /> </scl:foreach>
ESI code samples <esi:foreach items="message" collection="$(ESIGLOBAL{'thread_' + $(QUERY_STRING{'threadId'})})"> <esi:include key="'thread-message' + $message" src="'/thread/message.php?id=' + $message" /> </esi:foreach>
Why Nginx ? Native Memcached support Excellent and superfast subrequest system Including parallel subrequests Handles thousands of connections per worker With minimal memory footprint Integrates with php-fpm Additional features (chroot, slow request log, offline processing, ...) Graceful rolling upgrades
What's the result ?
Figures 2nd customer : No. of web servers : 72 → 8 No. of db servers : 15 → 4 Total : 87 → 12 (86% reduction !) Last customer : No. of total servers : +/- 1350 Expected reduction : 1350 → 300 Expected savings : €1.6 Million per year
Why is it so much faster ?
A real example : vBulletin
A real example : vBulletin Thread isModerator session variable isAdmin session variable
A real example : vBulletin DB Server Load Web Server Load Max Requests/sec (1 = 282) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Standard install With Memcached Nginx + SCL + memcached
Availability Good news : It will become Open Source It's solid : stable at 4 customers Bad news : First customer holds copyrights Total rebuild → Open Source release Beta : Sep 2013 Final : End 2013 (on Github !)
So...
Questions ?
Questions ?
Contact Twitter @wimgtr Web http://techblog.wimgodden.be Slides http://www.slideshare.net/wimg E-mail wim.godden@cu.be Please rate my talk : http://joind.in/8439
Thanks ! Please rate my talk : http://joind.in/8439

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Scale PHP Sites with Reverse Proxies and Edge Side Includes

  • 1. Remove PHP calls & scale your site like crazy ! Wim Godden Cu.be Solutions
  • 2. Who am I ? Wim Godden (@wimgtr) Founder of Cu.be Solutions (http://cu.be) Open source developer since 1997 Developer of OpenX, PHPCompatibility, ... Speaker at PHP and Open Source conferences
  • 3. Who are you ? Developers ? System/network engineers ? Managers ?
  • 4. To understand the present Understand the past
  • 5. The Stone Age New blog post by : caveman003
  • 6. Pre-PHP : draw it and make html
  • 8. Old-school PHP : 'rebuild-every-time'
  • 10. PHP : let's cache
  • 12. PHP : dynamic content in static content
  • 14. PHP : multiple webservers
  • 15. PHP : push updates to cache
  • 16. Today
  • 18. Website X with ESI Article content page Page content Header Latest news Navigation
  • 19. Website X with ESI Article content page Page content Header (TTL = 2h) Latest news Navigation (TTL = 1h)
  • 20. Website X with ESI Article content page Page content (TTL = 30m) Header (TTL = 2h) Latest news (TTL = 2m) Navigation (TTL = 1h)
  • 21. Going to /page/id/732 <esi:include src="/header"/> <esi:include src="/nav"/> <esi:include src="/latest-news"/> <esi:include src="/article/id/732"/>
  • 22. A simple benchmark – 2KByte JPEG Apache 2.2 4210 IIS 7.5 3960 Varnish 3.0 11400
  • 23. A dynamically generated, but static page Apache 2.2 + PHP (3 DB queries) 18 IIS 7.5 + .Net (3 DB queries) 16 Varnish 3.0 11400
  • 24. Varnish - what can/can't be cached ? Can : Static pages Images, js, css Static parts of pages that don't change often (ESI) Can't : POST requests Very large files (it's not a file server !) Requests with Set-Cookie User-specific content
  • 25. ESI → no caching on user-specific content ? Logged in as : Wim Godden 5 messages TTL = 5minTTL=1h TTL = 0s ?
  • 26. Nginx Web server Reverse proxy Lightweight, fast 12.81% of all Websites
  • 27. Nginx No threads, event-driven Uses epoll / kqueue Low memory footprint 10000 active connections = normal
  • 28. ESI on Nginx Logged in as : Wim Godden 5 messages NEWSMenu
  • 29. ESI SCL on Nginx <scl:include key="news" src="/news" ttl="5m" /> <scl:include key="menu" src="/menu" ttl="1h" /> <scl:include key="top" src="/top" session="true" ttl="1h" />
  • 30. Requesting /page (1st time) Nginx Shared memory 1 2 3 4 /page /page
  • 31. Requesting /page ESI subrequests (1st time) Nginx 1 2 3 /menu /news /top (in ESI session)
  • 32. Requesting /page (next time) Nginx Shared memory 1 2 /page /menu /news /top (in ESI session) /page
  • 33. New message is sent... POST /send DB insert into... set(...) top (in ESI session)
  • 34. Advantages No repeated GET hits to webserver anymore ! At login : POST → warm up the cache ! No repeated hits for user-specific content Not even for non-specific content
  • 35. News added addnews() method DB insert into... set(...) Memcache key /news
  • 36. Advantages No repeated GET hits to webserver anymore ! At login : POST → warm up the cache ! No repeated hits for user-specific content Not even for non-specific content No TTLs for non-specific content
  • 37. How many Memcache requests ? Logged in as : Wim Godden 5 messages <scl:include key="news" src="/news" ttl="5m" /> <scl:include key="menu" src="/menu" ttl="1h" /> <scl:include key="top" src="/top" session="true" ttl="1h" />
  • 38. First release : ESI Part of the ESI 1.0 spec Only relevant features implemented Extension for dynamic session support But : unavailable for copyright reasons
  • 39. Rebuilt from scratch : SCL Session-specific Caching Language Language details : Control structures : if/else, switch/case, foreach Variable handling Strings : concatenation, substring, ...
  • 40. SCL code samples <scl:switch var="session_var('isAdmin')"> <scl:case value="1"> <scl:include key="admin-buttons" src="/admin-buttons.php" /> </scl:case> <scl:default> <div id="just-a-user"> <scl:include key="user-buttons" src="/user-buttons.php" /> </div> </scl:default> </scl:switch>
  • 41. SCL code samples <scl:foreach item="messageId" src="cache_var('thread' + query_var('threadId'))"> <scl:include key="'thread-message_' + messageId" src="'/thread/message.php?id=' + messageId" /> </scl:foreach>
  • 42. ESI code samples <esi:foreach items="message" collection="$(ESIGLOBAL{'thread_' + $(QUERY_STRING{'threadId'})})"> <esi:include key="'thread-message' + $message" src="'/thread/message.php?id=' + $message" /> </esi:foreach>
  • 43. Why Nginx ? Native Memcached support Excellent and superfast subrequest system Including parallel subrequests Handles thousands of connections per worker With minimal memory footprint Integrates with php-fpm Additional features (chroot, slow request log, offline processing, ...) Graceful rolling upgrades
  • 45. Figures 2nd customer : No. of web servers : 72 → 8 No. of db servers : 15 → 4 Total : 87 → 12 (86% reduction !) Last customer : No. of total servers : +/- 1350 Expected reduction : 1350 → 300 Expected savings : €1.6 Million per year
  • 46. Why is it so much faster ?
  • 47. A real example : vBulletin
  • 48. A real example : vBulletin Thread isModerator session variable isAdmin session variable
  • 49. A real example : vBulletin DB Server Load Web Server Load Max Requests/sec (1 = 282) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Standard install With Memcached Nginx + SCL + memcached
  • 50. Availability Good news : It will become Open Source It's solid : stable at 4 customers Bad news : First customer holds copyrights Total rebuild → Open Source release Beta : Sep 2013 Final : End 2013 (on Github !)
  • 51. So...
  • 54. Contact Twitter @wimgtr Web http://techblog.wimgodden.be Slides http://www.slideshare.net/wimg E-mail wim.godden@cu.be Please rate my talk : http://joind.in/8439
  • 55. Thanks ! Please rate my talk : http://joind.in/8439