A simple overview of chalk and clay scenery and processes within England. Useful for GCSE rocks sections

1. Chalk and Clay Scenery

2. Distribution
Describe the
distribution (the
spread and location)
of chalk in England
Chalk is sedimentary
rock
Chalk tends to form
in bands – beds that
cover large areas

3. Characteristics
Chalk is a permeable rock – it allows water to pass
through it
It is also porous – this means there is a high
proportion of pores in chalk. It is these pores that
allow water into chalk which often makes it
waterlogged
Rainwater soaks through the pores until it reaches
the water table – this is the upper surface of
underground water storage
Where the water table reaches the surface
springs are formed

4. Characteristics
Chalk is a pure form of limestone and rich in calcium
carbonate which means it’s vulnerable to chemical
weathering and carbonation
As it contains joints and pores it is also vulnerable to
freeze-thaw weathering

6. Chalk escarpment
Box hill
Clay vale.
Notice the roads and rail links
Steep scarp slope

7. View from Box Hill over clay vale
 The clay vale is wetter with longer grass.
 Dairy farming is practiced.
 It is easier to build roads and settlements on the flatter clay
 The clay can be used for brick making

8. Devils Dyke
East Sussex
Dry valley

9. Look out from the top of Box Hill
Chalk and flint provides
good and attractive
building material

11. Epsom Downs
The chalk is good for racehorse training