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Deploying oracle rac 10g with asm on rhel and sles with svc
1.
Deploying Oracle RAC
10g with ASM on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Using IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller Betty Mason, Bob Gonzalez IBM Systems and Technology Group Open Systems Lab, San Jose, California September 2008 © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008. All Rights Reserved. All trademarks or registered trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective holders
2.
Table of contents Abstract........................................................................................................................................1 Executive
summary ....................................................................................................................1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................2 IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller ......................................................................................... 2 Replication services ................................................................................................................................. 3 FlashCopy ......................................................................................................................... 3 Metro Mirror and Global Mirror .......................................................................................... 3 Device Mapper Multipath ......................................................................................................................... 3 Oracle technologies....................................................................................................................4 Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 and Oracle Clusterware .............................................................................. 4 Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS)..................................................................................................... 4 Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services ................................................................................................ 5 Establish device persistence with Oracle ASMLib................................................................................... 5 Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) ...................................................................................... 5 Advantages of ASM technology ........................................................................................ 6 ASM disk groups ............................................................................................................... 6 ASM failure groups ............................................................................................................ 6 Lab test environment..................................................................................................................7 Oracle RAC servers ................................................................................................................................. 7 Storage hardware .................................................................................................................................... 8 Topology of four-node Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 with ASM................................................................. 8 Storage configuration by example ............................................................................................9 Storage configuration on SVC ................................................................................................................. 9 Understanding considerations for SVC configuration ....................................................... 9 Using SVC CLI to configure storage ................................................................................. 9 Creating virtualized storage from storage arrays ............................................................ 10 Creating host connections............................................................................................... 11 Configuration on server nodes............................................................................................................... 13 Configuring DeviceMapper Multipath for mpio connections............................................ 13 Identifying storage on cluster nodes (SVC Vdisks for ASM)........................................... 14 Best-practice recommendations .............................................................................................15 Summary....................................................................................................................................15 Resources..................................................................................................................................16 Trademarks and special notices..............................................................................................17 Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller. Ver: Sept 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008
3.
Abstract
This white paper details the configuration of the IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller (SVC) in a software environment consisting of Oracle Database 10g with Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) and Oracle Automatic Storage Manager (ASM) on a four-node cluster running Red Hat Enterprise Linux or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server operating systems. Executive summary This white paper details the step-by-step configuration of the IBM® System Storage™ SAN Volume Controller (SVC) with Oracle Real Application Clusters 10g Release 2 (RAC) and Oracle Database 10g Automatic Storage Manager (ASM) on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 operating systems. These configuration guidelines may be applicable to newer versions of these operating systems. The test exercise demonstrates that it is easy to configure the SVC in this Linux environment by using the guidelines that are laid out in this document. The SVC is a storage-virtualization system that enables a single point of control for disparate, heterogeneous storage resources to help support improved business application availability and greater resource utilization. SVC is designed to pool storage volumes from IBM and other storage-system vendors into a single reservoir of capacity for centralized management. SVC is designed to provide the following benefits: • Simplify storage management • Reduce IT data storage complexity and costs while enhancing scalability • Improve flexibility and responsiveness of the IT infrastructure • Increase application availability by enabling changes to the storage infrastructure without impact to servers SVC offers network-based replication services that operate across multiple storage systems from different vendors, which can help simplify the storage environment and reduce the total cost of storage. SVC replication services include IBM FlashCopy®, IBM Metro Mirror and IBM Global Mirror. A Device Mapper Multipath (DM) is used with SVC in multipath I/O (MPIO) environments that run on an IBM System x™ server. Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 and Oracle Clusterware technologies offer several features that work with both single-instance database and clustered environments. Oracle ASM technology is a feature that is designed to distribute information uniformly across all storage disk groups and has unique mirroring capabilities. Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 1
4.
Introduction Enterprise customers running
Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) database can confidently use the IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller (SVC) to meet their critical business needs. SVC and Oracle RAC database help to deliver robust, flexible, highly available, and cost-effective disk storage to support continuous operations for mission-critical transactions. This white paper explains the interoperability of SVC with Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 features, Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM), and Oracle Clusterware on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) or the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) operating systems. Oracle ASM was introduced in Oracle Database 10g and provides an integrated file system and volume manager for Oracle database files. This white paper documents a configuration of Oracle RAC with ASM on a multinode cluster with the Linux operating system and IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller. IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller The IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller is designed to reduce both the complexity and costs of managing your SAN-based storage. SAN Volume Controller helps you to achieve the following benefits: • Simplify management and increase administrator productivity by consolidating storage management from disparate disk systems into a single view • Improve application availability by enabling nondisruptive data migration between disk systems. • Improve disaster recovery and business continuance by applying and managing replication services across disk systems within the SAN. • Simplify device-driver configuration on hosts, so that all hosts within your network use the same IBM device driver to access all supported storage systems through the SAN Volume Controller. • Provide the following advanced features and functions to all servers that access SVC-managed storage, such as: • Large scalable cache • Common replication services • Centralized, standardized storage management • Access to pooled storage that spans different disk systems SVC nodes (also called engines) are the hardware elements of the SAN Volume Controller. SVC combines pairs of nodes into a high-availability cluster. Each of the nodes in the cluster contains eight GB of high- speed memory, which serves as the cache. The cluster is protected against data loss by uninterruptible power supplies. The SVC nodes can only be installed in pairs for high availability. SAN Volume Controller is not a RAID controller. The disk systems that are managed by SVC provide basic RAID data protection. SVC builds virtual disks (Vdisks) by using managed disks that have been presented by disk systems. Then, SVC presents the Vdisks to servers. Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 2
5.
Replication services SAN Volume
Controller supports a broad range of replication services that operate in a consistent manner, regardless of the type of storage that is being used with SVC. The FlashCopy function is designed to create an almost instant copy of active data, which can be used for backup purposes or for parallel-processing activities. Up to 16 copies of data can be created. Metro Mirror and Global Mirror operate between SVC systems at different locations for business continuance purposes. Management of the replication services is done through either the browser-based SAN Volume Controller’s graphical user interface (GUI) or the command-line interface (CLI). FlashCopy The FlashCopy feature copies the contents of a source VDisk to a target VDisk. Any data that exists on the target VDisk is lost and replaced by the copied data. After the copy operation completes, the target VDisks contain the contents of the source VDisks as they existed at a point in time. Both source and target Vdisks can then be updated independently. The FlashCopy feature is sometimes described as an example of a point-in-time copy technology. Although the FlashCopy operation takes time to complete, the resulting data on the target VDisk is presented so that the copy appears to occur immediately. FlashCopy operations can occur on multiple source and target VDisks. FlashCopy management operations are coordinated to allow a common single point in time for copying target VDisks from their respective source VDisks. This allows a consistent copy of data that spans multiple VDisks. For SAN Volume Controller version 4.2.0 or higher, the FlashCopy feature also makes it possible to copy multiple target VDisks from each source VDisk. This can be used to create images from different points in time for each source VDisk. Metro Mirror and Global Mirror Metro Mirror and Global Mirror are continuous-replication functions. They operate between SVC systems at different locations to help create copies of data for use in the event of a catastrophic data-center event. Metro Mirror is designed to maintain a fully synchronized copy at metropolitan distances (up to 300 km) whereas Global Mirror is designed to operate asynchronously and, thus, helps maintain a copy at much greater distances (up to 8000 km). Because Global Mirror is an asynchronous function, the remote copy is always lagging slightly behind the local copy and some updates are lost in the event of a disaster. Note: For more details about copy services, see www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg246423.html?Open. Device Mapper Multipath Device Mapper Multipath routes I/O over multiple paths that are accessible to the storage unit. If an active path fails, Device Mapper Multipath reroutes the I/O over one of the other active paths. Multipath awareness and support for an operating system can be described as being capable of doing the following tasks: • Provide a single-block device node for a multipathed LUN • Ensure that I/O is rerouted to available paths when a loss of path occurs, with no userspace process disruption other than a short pause • Ensure that failed paths are revalidated as soon as possible Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 3
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•
Ensure stability of the naming of that node • Configure the multipaths to maximize performance — spread I/O when possible path switching is free, and not spread I/O when it is costly • Configure the multipaths automatically and early (at boot) to permit the operating system to install and boot on a multipathed LUN • Reconfigure the multipaths automatically when events occur Three spreading policies are currently implemented: • failover: One path per priority group (PG). Therefore, I/O is routed to one path only. • multibus: One PG containing all paths to the LUN. This brings the maximum spreading, but assumes that all paths are excitable without penalty. • group_by_serial: One PG per storage controller (serial); paths through one controller are assigned to the associated PG. This policy applies to controllers that impose a latency penalty on the hand- over of LUN management between a pair of redundant controllers. These policies are stored in a config file (/etc/multipath.conf). Its content overrides the in-code defaults. Oracle technologies This section describes the Oracle RAC 10g R2 software and technologies. Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 and Oracle Clusterware Oracle 10g Release 2 provides features that can help ease complex Oracle administrative tasks. Some of its key features are Oracle RAC, Oracle ASM, Oracle Clusterware (including Cluster Ready Services [CRS]), enhanced Recovery Manager (RMAN) features, Flashback technology, performance-tuning enhancements, job scheduler, Data Pump and Automatic Work Load Repository. Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS) Oracle 10g introduces Cluster Ready Services (CRS), a subcomponent of Oracle Clusterware. CRS provides many system-management services to coordinate cluster-membership information, including the following functions: crsd: Performs high-availability recovery and management operations, such as maintaining the Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) and managing application resources. This process restarts automatically on failure. evmd: Runs the event manager daemon. ocssd: Manages cluster-node membership; failure of this process results in cluster restart. oprocd: Process monitor for the cluster. The CRS home is distinct from the Oracle RAC-enabled Oracle home. When vendor clusterware is present, CRS interacts with it to coordinate cluster membership information. The OCR contains cluster and database configuration information for Oracle Clusterware,including the list of nodes in the cluster database, the CRS application, resource profiles, and the authorizations for the Event Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 4
7.
Manager (EVM). The
OCR can reside in a file on a cluster file system or on a shared raw device. When you install Oracle RAC, you specify the location of the OCR. CRS helps to package a set of application work under CRS control and provides access to the Oracle RAC database. The application-resource profile defines the resources with which you manage the Oracle RAC. In Oracle Database 10g, Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS) is the cluster manager on all platforms. The Oracle Cluster Synchronization Service daemon (OCSSD) performs this function on platforms that are based on the UNIX® operating system. Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services Automatic Storage Management (ASM) requires the use of Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS) to enable synchronization between an ASM instance and the database instances that rely on it for file storage. ASM is designed to work with both single database and Oracle RAC environments. In a single-instance database environment, CSS maintains synchronization between the ASM and database instances. Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS) includes the CSS component, which is automatically installed on each node that runs ASM and is started when each node boots. CSS monitors ASM and the shared-disk storage components, providing cluster and node-monitoring management. Mounted ASM disk groups and ASM itself are registered with CSS upon startup, thereby keeping disk-group metadata in synchronization across all Oracle RAC nodes. CSS thereby dynamically registers any new ASM disk groups that are created and broadcast to the other cluster nodes. Activities in both the database and ASM instances are synchronized using internode communication. CSS verifies the health of those ASM instances. Structural changes that require synchronization, such as adding or deleting a disk, initiate the internode messages. Efficient synchronization of both ASM and the database are thereby accomplished with the same integrated lock-management infrastructure. Establish device persistence with Oracle ASMLib On Linux, various methods provide names that do not change, including devlabel and udev. What does ASMLib provide that these solutions do not? • Persistent naming-matching of a name with a set of permissions (make LUNs available to Oracle) • Excluding names that match system disks to limit the disk ASMlib scans. ASMLib never modifies the system's names for disks. ASMLib creates its own label for disk and provides its own access to the devices with permissions for Oracle. The ASM disk names are placed in /dev/oracleasm/disks. The configuration is persistent. ASMLib's labels are written to the ASM defined disks. Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) As a vertically integrated file system and volume manager that was purposely built for Oracle database files, ASM provides the performance of raw I/O with the easy management of a file system. ASM provides a solution for storage-management challenges and an integrated storage-management interface that maintains consistent volumes across servers and storage platforms. ASM virtualizes storage into ASM disk groups. ASM distributes data evenly across storage resources within disk groups to optimize performance and usage. ASM provides three mirroring options to protect against disk failure. (See Table 1.) Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 5
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Mirror option
Mirror description External Defers redundancy to storage device Normal 2-way mirroring High 3-way mirroring Table 1. Three mirroring options for protection against disk failure ASM uses a unique mirroring algorithm. ASM does not mirror disks, but rather it mirrors extents. As a result, a hot spare disk is not required. Only spare capacity is required within the disk group. If a disk fails, ASM automatically reconstructs the contents of the failed disk on the surviving disks. Reading the mirrored contents from the surviving disks, the I/O content that was hit from a disk failure is spread across several disks, rather than on the single disk that mirrors the failed drive. When ASM allocates a primary extent of a file to one disk in a disk group, it allocates a mirror copy of that extent to another disk in the disk group. Primary extents on a given disk have their respective mirror extents on one of several partner disks in the disk group. Each disk in a disk group has the same ratio of primary and mirror extents. Advantages of ASM technology There are many benefits to using ASM technology, including the following: • Reduction of administration tasks • Reduction in volume management tasks • Automation of I/O tuning for workloads • Simplification of the process for adding and removing disks • Reduction in downtime as there is no file-system interface for file management • Automatic balancing of load across disks in the ASM disk group — with the database up and running after the changes to storage capacity ASM disk groups To reduce the complexity of managing ASM disk groups, Oracle recommends that generally no more than two disk groups be maintained and managed per Oracle RAC cluster. • Database Area: The active database files, control files, online redo logs, and change-tracking files that are used in incremental backups are stored in this area • Flash Recovery Area: Recovery related files, multiplexed copies of current control files and redo logs, archive logs, backup sets, and flashback log files are stored in this area ASM failure groups Defining a failure group within ASM is an additional level of security against disk failure. A failure group is a set of disks in a disk group that share a common resource. ASM ensures that a primary extent and its mirror copy never reside in the same failure group. If you define failure groups for your disk group, ASM can tolerate the simultaneous failure of multiple disks in a single failure group. This allows ASM to mirror across disks on separate storage units to protect against the failure of an entire storage unit. ASM is able to take advantage of database features to recover from I/O failures due to its tight integration with the database,. Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 6
9.
Lab test environment The
following two tables provide the details related to the configuration and software levels for the servers that are used for the example that is discussed in this white paper. Oracle RAC servers Table 2 shows the Oracle RAC servers running RHEL 4.4 that are used for the example presented in this white paper. Host – Server Host type 4 x IBM System x3455 Processor 2 x dual-core AMD Opteron processor 2222 S 2992.634 Mhz Memory 4 GB HBA model QLE2462 Operating system Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS4 U4 Kernel version 2.6.9-42.ELsmp Multipath software device-mapper-multipath-0.4.5-16.1.RHEL4 HBA driver 8.01.06 HBA firmware 4.00.23 Cluster file system None Oracle software Oracle Database and Clusterware 10.2.0.3 Logical configure Four-node Oracle RAC cluster with ASM Table 2. Oracle RAC servers Table 3 shows the Oracle RAC servers running SLES 9 SP3 that are used for the example presented in this white paper. Host – Server Host type 4 x IBM System x™ 3550 BIOS Version Processor 2 x Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® processor 5160 @ 3.00 GHz Memory 12 GB HBA model Emulex 4G Model IBM 42C2071 2-Port PCIe FC HBA for System x Operating system SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 SP3 Kernel version 2.6.5-7.244-smp Multipath software device-mapper-1.0.1.01-1.6 HBA driver 8.0.16.27 HBAAP(I) v2.1.c, 02-02-06 HBA firmware 2.50A6 (Z2F2.50A6) Cluster file system None Oracle software Oracle Database and Oracle Clusterware 10.2.0.3 Logical configure Four-node Oracle RAC cluster ASM Table 3. Oracle RAC servers Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 7
10.
Storage hardware Table 4
shows the storage hardware that is used for the example presented in this white paper. Storage name OSL_SVC_11 Storage IP 9.11.113.35 Type SVC Model 2145-8F4 Software level 4.2.1.1 (build 7.7.0711121400) Table 4. Storage hardware Topology of four-node Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 with ASM Figure 1 shows the topology of the four-node Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 database with ASM . Figure 1. Four-node topology Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 8
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Storage configuration by
example This section provides an example of the storage configuration scenario that is explained in this white paper. Storage configuration on SVC The SVC configuration defines the LUNs for presentation to the host nodes that will be used for the Oracle ASM disk groups. Understanding considerations for SVC configuration When selecting managed disks (Mdisks) for managed disk groups (MDG), all LUNs for MDisk creation need to have the same performance characteristics. If MDisks of different performance levels are placed in the same MDG, the performance of the MDG can be reduced to the level of the poorest performing MDisk. Likewise, all LUNs must also possess the same availability characteristics. Keep in mind that SVC does not provide any RAID capabilities. Loss of access to any one of the MDisks within an MDG impacts the entire MDG. Best practices for LUN selection include the following considerations: • The LUNs must be the same type. • The LUNs need to be the same RAID level. • The LUNs must have the same RAID width (number of physical disks in the array). • The LUNs must have the same availability and fault-tolerant characteristics. • MDisks that are created on LUNs with varying performance and availability characteristics need to be placed in separate MDGs. Using SVC CLI to configure storage Use the SAN Volume Controller CLI to set up the storage configuration: SVC commands are divided into one of two categories: task-purposed (svctask) or informational (svcinfo) commands. For a list of SVC commands, type in svctask –h or svcinfo –h and for a specific command’s syntax, type in svctask <command> –h. Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 9
12.
Creating virtualized storage
from storage arrays To create virtualized storage from storage arrays, perform the following steps: 1. List the unmanaged Mdisks that are available for adding to a managed disk group: #>svcinfo lsmdisk –filtervalue mode=unmanaged 72 mdisk72 online unmanaged 50.0GB …… 73 mdisk73 online unmanaged 50.0GB …… 74 mdisk74 online unmanaged 50.0GB …… 2. Create an Mdisk group: Syntax: svctask mkmdiskgrp -name mydiskgrpname –mdisk mdisk id_list -ext extent_size #>svctask mkmdiskgrp -name mydiskgrp -mdisk 74:73:72, -ext 512 3. Change the Mdisk group name: #>svctask chmdiskgrp -name ORA_Mdiskgrp mydiskgrp 4. View the Mdisk group: #>svcinfo lsmdiskgrp id name status mdisk_count vdisk_count capacity 8 ORA_Mdiskgrp online 3 0 150.0GB extent_size free_capacity 512 150.0GB 5. View the Mdisk group in stanza format: #>svcinfo lsmdiskgrp ORA_Mdiskgrp id 8 name ORA_Mdiskgrp status online mdisk_count 3 vdisk_count 0 capacity 150.0GB extent_size 512 free_capacity 150.0GB Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 10
13.
Creating host connections
The prerequisites for the following steps are that the host has been zoned to SVC; that is, that the host bus adapters (HBAs) are seen on the switch and are zoned to the SVC through host and SVC zoning: 1. List hba WWPNs: #>svcinfo lshbaportcandidate 210100E08BBEE63A – qlogic hba 210000E08B9EE63A 10000000C93FA8FF – emulex hba 2. Create host identifier: #>svctask mkhost -name ORA_NODE1 -hbawwpn 210100E08BBEE63A add a second port to the same host for multipathing #>svctask addhostport -hbawwpn 210000E08B9EE63A –force ORA_NODE1 note # (force parameter used for second wwpn on same host) 3. List host: #>svcinfo lshost id name port_count iogrp_count 8 ORA_NODE1 2 4 4. List host by ID to show WWPNs: #>svcinfo lshost 8 id 8 name ORA_NODE1 port_count 2 type generic mask 1111 iogrp_count 4 WWPN 210100E08BBEE63A node_logged_in_count 2 state active WWPN 210000E08B9EE63A node_logged_in_count 2 state active Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 11
14.
Creating virtual disks
Five 1 GB virtual disks are created for Oracle RAC: two OCR and three Vote disks. 25 GB Vdisks are created for the ASM disks. 1. Create the Vdisks from mdiskgroups #>svctask mkvdisk -mdiskgrp ORA_Mdiskgrp -iogrp 0 -vtype striped -fmtdisk - name OCR_1 -size 1 -unit gb #>svctask mkvdisk -mdiskgrp ORA_Mdiskgrp -iogrp 0 -vtype striped -fmtdisk - name ORA_ASM_1 -size 25 -unit gb #>svcinfo lsvdisk id name IO_group_id IO_group_name status mdgrp_id 37 ORA_ASM_1 0 io_grp0 online 5 mdgrp_name capacity type vdisk_UID ORA_ASM_1 25.0GB striped 60050768019101D69000000000000037 #>svcinfo lsvdisk 37 id 37 name ORA_ASM_1 IO_group_id 0 IO_group_name io_grp0 status online mdisk_grp_id 7 mdisk_grp_name ORA_Mdiskgrp capacity 25.0GB type striped formatted yes mdisk_id mdisk_name FC_id FC_name RC_id RC_name vdisk_UID 60050768019101D69000000000000037 throttling 0 preferred_node_id 25 fast_write_state not_empty cache readwrite udid Tying the Vdisk to the host with mkvdiskhostmap The following Linux mkvdiskhostmap commands tie the Vdisk to the host. #>svctask mkvdiskhostmap -host ORA_NODE1 ORA_ASM_1 #>svctask mkvdiskhostmap -host ORA_NODE2 -force ORA_ASM_1 #note force parameter used to make vdisk available to second node Note: For more information about the SVC CLI commands, visit the IBM Redbooks® Web site and review the document entitled IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller (www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/SG246423). Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 12
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Configuration on server
nodes Configuration on the host requires defining the SVC devices in the multipath-configuration file. Configuring DeviceMapper Multipath for mpio connections Download an example of multipath.conf from www- 1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=540&context=ST52G7&dc=D430&uid=ssg1S4000107&loc=en_US&cs=utf- 8&lang=en#DM. Add the defaults, devices section and multipath entry for each LUN that is shared from the SVC to the multipath.conf on the host. Excerpt from the IBM multipath.conf file: #defaults { polling_interval 30 failback immediate no_path_retry 5 rr_min_io 100 path_checker tur user_friendly_names yes } devices { # SVC device { vendor "IBM" product "2145" path_grouping_policy group_by_prio prio_callout "/sbin/mpath_prio_alua /dev/%n" multipaths { multipath { wwid 3600507630efffe32000000000000120a alias DATABASE_disk111 } } Example of a stanza for a disk that is set up for OCR on the SVC: Note: Compare the last digits of vdisk_uid to the wwid in the entry: VDISK_UID 60050768019101D69000000000000035 multipaths { multipath { wwid 360050768019101d69000000000000035 alias raw101 path_grouping_policy group_by_prio prio_callout "/sbin/mpath_prio_alua /dev/%n" features "1 queue_if_no_path" path_checker tur path_selector "round-robin 0" failback immediate } } Note: For information about Device Mapper Multipath, visit: http://source.redhat.com/dm. Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 13
16.
Oracle OCR and
voting cluster disk raw devices example The following listing shows an example of an Oracle OCR and voting cluster disk raw device: vdisk id alias in multipath.conf …30 raw101 …31 raw102 …32 raw103 …33 raw104 …34 raw105 Enable binding for the multipath devices to raw For Red Hat Enterprise Linux: /dev/raw/raw101 /dev/mapper/raw101 /dev/raw/raw102 /dev/mapper/raw102 /dev/raw/raw103 /dev/mapper/raw103 /dev/raw/raw104 /dev/mapper/raw104 /dev/raw/raw105 /dev/mapper/raw105 For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server: raw101:mapper/raw101 raw102:mapper/raw102 raw103:mapper/raw103 raw104:mapper/raw104 raw105:mapper/raw105 Add permissions stanza to udev permissions raw/raw101:root:dba:0640 raw/raw102:root:dba:0640 raw/raw103:oracle:dba:0660 raw/raw104:oracle:dba:0660 raw/raw105:oracle:dba:0660 Identifying storage on cluster nodes (SVC Vdisks for ASM) ASMLib requires only one invocation of /etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks to pick up all the changes that were made on the other nodes. • ASMLib and multipath disks If multipathing is enabled, ASMLib must be configured to use the multipath devices. If the sd devices are used, the system sees the same LUN through more than one of those sd devices. ASMLib chooses the first path it found, negating the fault tolerance of multipathing. • Multipath disks and ASMLIB configuration Two important ASMLib configuration parameters in the oracleasm config file must be modified to limit the scanning to only the multipath disks: • ORACLEASM_SCANORDER=dm ensures that the device-mapper multipath devices are scanned. • ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE=sd prevents the scanning of devices that Oracle cannot use because of multipathing limits. Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 14
17.
Best-practice recommendations Here is
a list of best-practices that you should follow: • Use disks of similar characteristics within SVC when creating mdisk groups that support ASM- assigned VDisks (LUNs). • Use LUNs with similar capacity and performance within an ASM disk group. • Use multiple LUNs per ASM disk group to evenly distribute database reads and writes across members of the disk group. • Place datafiles, control files, and redo logfiles in same ASM disk group. Multiplex control and redo files to the flash recovery ASM disk group. • Configure ASM disk groups to use external redundancy. • Use Device Mapper Multipathing path-failover management. • Use Vdisks with equal capacity and performance when adding space to an ASM disk group. ASM simplifies database file management on System Storage disk products. External redundancy allows the host to use more processor resources for data management and less processor resources for storage. management. Oracle ASM and IBM SAN Volume Controller technologies work together to enhance database administrator and system administrator productivity. Summary IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller manages storage arrays to greatly simplify storage administration for Oracle Database cluster running on ASM managed disks. SVC consolidates storage subsystems into one logical storage system. ASM manages the workload of balancing I/O within the ASM disk group, thus making the addition or removal of physical storage possible without having to shut down the Oracle database. Although ASM is designed to provide fault tolerance through mirroring and striping, ASM external redundancy takes advantage of existing storage fault tolerance mechanisms for increased data protection. Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 15
18.
Resources These Web sites
provide useful references to supplement the information contained in this document: • IBM System p Information Center http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/index.jsp • IBM Publications Center www.elink.ibmlink.ibm.com/public/applications/publications/cgibin/pbi.cgi?CTY=US • IBM Redbooks www.redbooks.ibm.com SAN Volume Controller • IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg246423.html?Open • The IBM System Storage SVC Information Center http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/svcic/v3r1m0/index.jsp • IBM San Volume Controller Best Practices www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpieces/pdfs/sg247521.pdf Device Mapper • IBM support for Device Mapper www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=540&context=ST52G7&dc=D430&uid= ssg1S4000107&loc=en_US&cs=utf-8&lang=en#DM • For information about Device Mapper Multipath, visit: http://source.redhat.com/dm Oracle • Oracle Database Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2) Part No. B14201-04 http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/install.102/b14203/toc.htm • ASM 10gR2 New Features www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/asm/pdf/asm%20r2%20new%20features.pdf • ASM Best practices www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/asm/pdf/asm_10gr2_bestpractices%2005-07.pdf • Overview of Automatic Storage Management www.oracle.com/technology/products/manageability/database/pdf/asmov.pdf • Configuring udev and device mapper for Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 www.expobadge.com/dldev/dc/DKLLoader1.cfm?dcid=153&type=pdf&aid=ace3f4dd-2baa-4ba9- ad6c-099ce814bfba&caller=as1&shownumber=8027 Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 16
19.
Trademarks and special
notices © Copyright IBM Corporation 2008. All rights Reserved. References in this document to IBM products or services do not imply that IBM intends to make them available in every country. IBM, the IBM logo, and ibm.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. If these and other IBM trademarked terms are marked on their first occurrence in this information with a trademark symbol (® or ™), these symbols indicate U.S. registered or common law trademarks owned by IBM at the time this information was published. Such trademarks may also be registered or common law trademarks in other countries. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at "Copyright and trademark information" at www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. Information is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. All customer examples described are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics may vary by customer. Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from a supplier of these products, published announcement material, or other publicly available sources and does not constitute an endorsement of such products by IBM. Sources for non-IBM list prices and performance numbers are taken from publicly available information, including vendor announcements and vendor worldwide homepages. IBM has not tested these products and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, capability, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capability of non-IBM products should be addressed to the supplier of those products. Any references in this information to non-IBM Web sites are provided for convenience only and do not in any manner serve as an endorsement of those Web sites. The materials at those Web sites are not part of the materials for this IBM product and use of those Web sites is at your own risk. Deploying Oracle RAC 10g with ASM on Red Hat Linux and SUSE Linux with IBM SAN Volume Controller Ver: September 11, 2008 http://www.ibm.com/support/techdocs © Copyright IBM Corporation, 2008 17
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