1. Urbanisation in LEDCs Causes, problems, solutions & Case Study of Rio de Janiero

3. Where are the world’s largest cities? There are 17 megacities in the world – these are cities with a population of over 10 million. These are shown on the map below. The United Nations estimate that by 2015 the number of megacities will have increased to 21! Describe the distribution of megacities in 2000. How does this compare to 2015? new megacities are shown in orange

4. Urbanisation is taking place at a rapid pace in LEDC cities. This is as a result of a process called rural-urban migration .

6. Rural-urban migration happens as a result of push and pull factors.

7. B C Where in the world… Imagine you are a migrant in Brazil. Put the following statements in the appropriate circle on the Venn diagram. 1. I have come from here. 2. I will be able to get better medical treatment. 3. I am most likely to end up living here. 4. Other people like me are likely to be living here. 5. I am least likely to get a job here. 6. I am most likely to work the longest hours here. 7. I am likely to be happy here. 8. My family are likely to be here. 9. The living conditions are going to be the best. 10. I am most likely to get a job here. 11. I am most likely to be able to go to school here. 12. I hope to end up living here. A

9. Task Sort the problems caused by urban growth and development of shanty towns into social, environmental & economic. Traffic Congestion as cars/buses/rickshaws/animals all share same roads Health Problems EG Asthma & Bronchitis caused by pollution Break up of families Air pollution/Smog from car fumes and factories Unemployment as there are few jobs in formal sector. As shanty towns are built agricultural land/woodland is destroyed. Underground water supplies being lost. Poverty Rural migrants can’t find jobs because they are often illiterate or non-skilled so the informal sector grows. Wages are low paid and workers are exploited. Up to 50% of the population live in Shanty towns Shanty towns are built on poor quality or unsafe land so are prone to flooding/landslides/fires Shanty towns are illegal Overcrowding Poor quality building materials and a lack of basic amenities eg running water/toilets in shanty towns Sewage on streets leads to water borne disease such as cholera/diarrhoea Disease spreads quickly because of high density housing. High Infant mortality rates Malnutrition Increase in crime More street children High birth rates Water pollution – rivers/seas used as dustbins

13. The government puts in basic services such as clean water and sewerage and provides building materials, such as breezeblocks. The families then get together and help build the homes (Some being trained as plumbers, some electricians and so on.) This means that the buildings are relatively cheep, hygienic and creates good community spirit.

14. Case Study - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Rio de Janeiro is a city located on Brazil's south-east coast. It is one of Brazil's largest settlements with a population of approximately 11.7 million people. The population of Rio de Janeiro has grown for a number of reasons. Natural Increase is one reason for its growth (this is when the birth rate is higher than the death rate). The population has also grown as the result of urbanisation. 65% of urban growth is a result of migration.

17. Solutions to problems in Rocinha

20. Task – Complete the concept map to help your revision.

21. Differences in land use? Exam Question Compare the model of landuse in an LEDC and MEDC city. MEDC LEDC

22. HOW DOES AN URBAN MODEL FOR AN LEDC DIFFER FROM A MEDC?

23. LAND USE IN AN LEDC

24. LAND USE IN MEDC