This document discusses coastal landscapes and processes. It contains information about: 1) A photograph of Flamborough Head on the east coast of England, identifying rock stacks (X) and cliffs (Y). 2) How wave-cut platforms are formed by destructive waves eroding cliffs through attrition and corrasion, forming a wave-cut notch that gets larger until the cliff retreats. 3) Coastal defenses shown in a photograph of sand dunes, suggesting they are needed to protect the coastline from erosion.

1. Coastal Landscapes and Processes
(a) Study Figure 12, on the insert, a photograph of Flamborough Head on the east coast of England.
Y
Z
X
(i) Name features X and Y.
X ..............................................................
X Y ..............................................................
(2 marks)
Z
(ii) Feature Z is a wave-cut platform. Complete the sentences below to explain how a wave-cut
platform is formed.
Choose the correct words from this list.
wave-cut notch attrition advances constructive retreats destructive
stack hydraulic power
The base of the cliffs is attacked by ................................................ waves. These erode the cliffs
by ................................................ and corrasion forming a ................................................ . This gets
larger until the cliff collapses As the process is repeated many times the cliff ......................................
leaving a wave-cut platform below.
(4 marks)

2. (b) Study Figure 13, on the insert, a photograph which shows some coastal defences in an area of
sand dunes.
(i) Suggest why this stretch of coastline may
need coastal defences.
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(2 marks)
(ii) Describe the types of coastal defences shown in Figure 13.
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(3 marks)
(c) Explain how some coastal defences work.
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(4 marks)
(a) Tick the correct box to show whether or not each of the following is a process of coastal erosion.
True False
Saltation
Hydraulic Power
Corrosion
(3 marks)

3. (b) Study Figure 2, the Ordnance Survey map extract. Give three physical features of the coastline
of the Isle of Portland.
1 ................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

4. (c) Chesil Beach has been formed partly as a result of longshore drift. In the box below, draw and
label a diagram to show longshore drift.
(d) (i) Weymouth, is a coastal holiday resort.
Suggest two problems caused by the large numbers of visitors to tourist resorts.
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2...............................................................................................................................................................
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(2 marks)
(ii) Describe how these problems could be solved in coastal holiday resorts.
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(3 marks)
(a) Tick the correct box to show whether each of the following statements about destructive and
constructive waves is true or false.
True False
Destructive waves are more frequent than constructive waves. D r
Destructive waves are steeper than constructive waves. D r

5. Destructive waves have a stronger swash than backwash. D r
(3 marks)
(b) Study Figure 15, on the insert, an Ordnance Survey map extract of Start Point, South Devon.
X
Y
Z
(b) (i) Name the three types of landform, X, Y and Z, resulting from coastal erosion.
X ...............................................................................................................................
Y ...............................................................................................................................
Z ...............................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
(b) (iii) Describe one process of coastal erosion.
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(2 marks)
(b) (iv) Describe the formation of a stack in the space below

6. (c) Study Figure 17, on the insert, a photograph of coastal defences at Mappleton, east Yorkshire.
Explain how the coast is being protected from erosion by the sea.
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(4 marks)