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An architecture and process of
                  implantation for Linked Data
                         environments
        A case study for the Library of Congress of Chile

                      Francisco Cifuentes – José María Álvarez
                        Christian Sifaqui – José Emilio Labra




http://www.weso.es               TLDE-CAEPIA 2011                http://www.bcn.cl
Overview: this talk in 1’


    Why?
          Linked Open Data in Public Administrations
    How?
          Proposal of Architecture
          Adoption process
    Where?
          Library of Congress - Chile


                                                       http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Linked Open Data in
                     Public Administrations

    Government data & actions can be supervised
         Improve transparency & confidence




                                              http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Linked Open Data in
                     Public Administrations

    Public value (generates citizen experience)
         Research & Collaboration
         Reuse data




                                                  http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Linked Open Data in
                     Public Administrations

    Public information belongs to citizens
         Financed by public resources
         Return of inversion




                                              http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Linked Open Data in
                     Public Administrations

    Legislation is public information…
         …and must be of public domain
         Everyone is affected by laws




                                              http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
OK, ¡Linked Open Data is good!
            but…
Architecture &
                     Adoption Process
    There is huge interest to publish LOD
    Practical guidelines & methodologies ?
    Our proposal:
          Architecture of Linked Open Data
          Implementation methodology




                                             http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Considerations in
              Public Administrations context
    Large volumes of data
          Semistructured content
    Contents of general interest
          High expectations
    New projects should not interfere
          Small teams in large organizations
          Low semantic expertise




                                               http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Linked Open Data Architecture
                        Web Browser            Semantic Application

                                       Client side

                                       Server side

                                  Web Application Server

                                         Output
                     Update               RDF        Ontologies
                      RDF                Graph
                     Graph
                     Service
                                Endpoint SPARQL
                                                      Documentation
                                                          Portal
                                          Cache
                       RDF Storage
                                           DB

                               Web Server Operating System
                                                                      http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Adoption Process
              Contextualization


                          Ontology design

                                   RDF Graph Modeling
Phases                                        SPARQL Endpoint Implementation

                                                         RDF Graph Implementation

                                                               Update Graph Service
                              Documentation Web Portal


                          Non functional Requirements

                                                          Optional Data Visualization & demos

                                            Time
                                                                                 http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
OK, you propose an architecture
  & adoption process, but…
Contextualization
    Library of Congress - Chile




                                         http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Contextualization
      Leychile 2008
      Juridical certainty
      LOD in Leychile:
           Natural extension
           Improve interoperability (more formats)
           Create domain ontologies
           Complex queries through SPARQL endpoint




                                                     http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Contextualization
      Publish Linked Open Data – 5 stars
      Norms and relationships in a global RDF graph
      Infrastructure for future developments
         First stage, pilot project




                                                http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Contextualization
    ≈ 300.000 norms and their relationships
          Modifications, Concordances, etc.
    First stage ⇒ Only main metadata of norms
          Title, important dates, types, relationships
          We exclude body text (articles, chapters, etc.)




                                                            http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Contextualization
  Definition of domain model:
       Norms, relationships, types of norms, metadata,
       Functional requirements for bibliographical records (FRBR)
  Output formats: RDFa, RDF/XML, JSON, N3,…




                                                         http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Domain Ontologies
    Small Ontology about Norms




                                         http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
RDF Graph Modeling
    A norm can be modified by another norm
     Decree 296                  Decree 12066
     Published 1995-02-17        Published 2005-05-15

     Art..1. abc.                Art. 1. Modify decree 296 in the following way::
     Art. 2. def.                substitute in Art.1 the words “a” by “xyz”.
     Artí.3. ghi.


    Now, Decree 296 should be:
                               Decree 296

                               Artículo 1. xyzbc.
                               Artículo 2. def.
                               Artículo 3. ghi.


                                                                                    http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
RDF Graph Modeling
    Careful URI Design
    Expressiveness




                                          http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
RDF Graph Modeling
Decree 296 http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/DTO/ministerio-del-interior/1995-02-17/296/
                     http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/DTO/ministerio-del-interior/1995-02-17/296/es@1995-02-17
          Original

Latest version       http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/DTO/ministerio-del-interior/1995-02-17/296/es@2005-05-10




                                                                                               http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
SPARQL Endpoint
    Links to other datasets (Countries for International
      Treaties)
          DBPedia, Geonames
    Reuse vocabularies / Ontologies
          SKOS, DC, FOAF, DBPedia, ORG
    Triplestore: Openlink Virtuoso




                                                  http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
SPARQL Endpoint
    Example of query
        Find all norms emitted by a municipality between 1995 and 2000
        that were modified after 2005.
    PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
    PREFIX n: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-norms#>

    SELECT ?normTitle ?creatorName ?pubDate ?pubDateOther
    WHERE {
      ?norm        n:createdBy    ?creator .
      ?creator     n:hasName      ?creatorName .
      ?norm        dc:title       ?normTitle .
      ?norm        n:publishDate ?pubDate .
      ?norm        n:isModifiedBy ?otherNorm .
      ?otherNorm n:publishDate ?pubDateOther .
      FILTER (regex(?creatorName,"MUNICIPALIDAD","i"))
      FILTER (?pubDate       > "1995" &&
               ?pubDate      < "2000" &&
               ?pubDateOther > "2005")
    }
    ORDER BY (?pubDate)
                                                                   http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
RDF Graph Implementation
    We developed a Linked Data Frontend (WESO-DESH)
          Content negotiation based on HTTP 303 See Other
          Definition of URIs based on regular expressions
          Easy configuration
          Support for CONSTRUCT, ASK & DESCRIBE
          Delegates output formats to SPARQL Endpoint
          Result caching
          GUI for administration backend (in progress)


                         http://code.google.com/p/weso-desh/
                                                               http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
RDF Graph Implementation
  WESO-DESH (Linked Data Frontend)
                            XML Configuration




                                                Output HTML+RDFa




                                                                   http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Update Graph Service
    Automatic extraction & transformation process
     to update the RDF Graph
          Based on Pentaho - Kettle ETL
          Executes Transformations in threads
          Configuration in XML




                                                                      26
                *ETL = Extraction, Transformation Loading
                                                            http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Documentation
    Documentation Web Portal: TYPO3 CMS
    Sections:
          URI construction guidelines
          Example queries
          Output formats
          Ontology documentation
          etc.




                                          http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Non-Functional Requirements
    Answer time
          Cache system, Profiling
    Security & privacity
          Different views and access levels of RDF Graph
    Others
          Internationalization
          Accessibility
          Use of standards


                                                           http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Optional: Data visualization
    Protype tool: LODViz (Linked Open Data Vizualization)
    Based on HTML5 (pattern library)
    Work in progress




           http://www.weso.es/lodviz/




                                                                29

                                                      http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Results
      Public Dataset Catalogs Faceted Browser - CTIC Foundation
                          Five stars Linked Open Data




                                                                      31

                                                            http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Conclusions
    First stage finished
          > 300.000 norms exported
               ≈ 8mill. triples, ≈ 27 triples by norm
               200/400 triples added each day
      3 tools in development
               WESO DESH - Linked data frontend
               WESO RUD – RDF Updater
               LODVIZ – Linked Open Data Visualization
    Proposed methodology of Linked Open Data

                                                                   32

                                                         http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Future Work
    Library of Congress of Chile
          More datasets: Biographies, Geographical data
          History of Law
          Improve documentation
    WESO Research group
          Semantic search engine
          Entity extraction & reconciliation in text
          Resource Recommendation
          Provenance & graph views

                                                          http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
The End


                       http://www.weso.es

    More Information



                       http://www.bcn.cl
Main Team
       Francisco Cifuentes
       Member of WESO Research Group and Library of Congress of Chile
       http://www.weso.es/~fcifuentes

       José María Álvarez
       Member of WESO Research Group
       http://josemalvarez.es

       Christian Sifaqui
       Head of Systems and Network information services
       Library of Congress of Chile
       http://sifaqui.blogspot.com/

       Jose Emilio Labra
       Associate Professor of University of Oviedo and
       Head of WESO Research Group
       http://www.di.uniovi.es/~labra/




                                                                                  35

                                                                        http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es
Credits
    Most of the people were obtained from Internet.

    Imagen transparencia: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--wFwsKwMgAg/TjSDXOLCTzI/AAAAAAAAOzQ/qvBtbShckdI/s1600/11.2.bmp

    Euros: Minuto digital. http://www.minutodigital.com/wp-content/uploads/euros-300x196.jpg

    Biblioteca: http://ffernandez.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/biblioteca.jpg

    FRBR: http://cucataloging.blogspot.com/

    Contextualization: http://tentblogger.com/right-advertisers/

    Documentation: http://susops.blogspot.com/2010/07/power-of-documentation.html




                                                                                                                     http://www.bcn.cl
http://www.weso.es

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CAEPIA 2011 Linked Data Methodology

  • 1. An architecture and process of implantation for Linked Data environments A case study for the Library of Congress of Chile Francisco Cifuentes – José María Álvarez Christian Sifaqui – José Emilio Labra http://www.weso.es TLDE-CAEPIA 2011 http://www.bcn.cl
  • 2. Overview: this talk in 1’ Why? Linked Open Data in Public Administrations How? Proposal of Architecture Adoption process Where? Library of Congress - Chile http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 3. Linked Open Data in Public Administrations Government data & actions can be supervised Improve transparency & confidence http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 4. Linked Open Data in Public Administrations Public value (generates citizen experience) Research & Collaboration Reuse data http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 5. Linked Open Data in Public Administrations Public information belongs to citizens Financed by public resources Return of inversion http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 6. Linked Open Data in Public Administrations Legislation is public information… …and must be of public domain Everyone is affected by laws http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 7. OK, ¡Linked Open Data is good! but…
  • 8. Architecture & Adoption Process There is huge interest to publish LOD Practical guidelines & methodologies ? Our proposal: Architecture of Linked Open Data Implementation methodology http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 9. Considerations in Public Administrations context Large volumes of data Semistructured content Contents of general interest High expectations New projects should not interfere Small teams in large organizations Low semantic expertise http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 10. Linked Open Data Architecture Web Browser Semantic Application Client side Server side Web Application Server Output Update RDF Ontologies RDF Graph Graph Service Endpoint SPARQL Documentation Portal Cache RDF Storage DB Web Server Operating System http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 11. Adoption Process Contextualization Ontology design RDF Graph Modeling Phases SPARQL Endpoint Implementation RDF Graph Implementation Update Graph Service Documentation Web Portal Non functional Requirements Optional Data Visualization & demos Time http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 12. OK, you propose an architecture & adoption process, but…
  • 13. Contextualization Library of Congress - Chile http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 14. Contextualization Leychile 2008 Juridical certainty LOD in Leychile: Natural extension Improve interoperability (more formats) Create domain ontologies Complex queries through SPARQL endpoint http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 15. Contextualization Publish Linked Open Data – 5 stars Norms and relationships in a global RDF graph Infrastructure for future developments First stage, pilot project http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 16. Contextualization ≈ 300.000 norms and their relationships Modifications, Concordances, etc. First stage ⇒ Only main metadata of norms Title, important dates, types, relationships We exclude body text (articles, chapters, etc.) http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 17. Contextualization Definition of domain model: Norms, relationships, types of norms, metadata, Functional requirements for bibliographical records (FRBR) Output formats: RDFa, RDF/XML, JSON, N3,… http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 18. Domain Ontologies Small Ontology about Norms http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 19. RDF Graph Modeling A norm can be modified by another norm Decree 296 Decree 12066 Published 1995-02-17 Published 2005-05-15 Art..1. abc. Art. 1. Modify decree 296 in the following way:: Art. 2. def. substitute in Art.1 the words “a” by “xyz”. Artí.3. ghi. Now, Decree 296 should be: Decree 296 Artículo 1. xyzbc. Artículo 2. def. Artículo 3. ghi. http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 20. RDF Graph Modeling Careful URI Design Expressiveness http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 21. RDF Graph Modeling Decree 296 http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/DTO/ministerio-del-interior/1995-02-17/296/ http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/DTO/ministerio-del-interior/1995-02-17/296/es@1995-02-17 Original Latest version http://datos.bcn.cl/recurso/cl/DTO/ministerio-del-interior/1995-02-17/296/es@2005-05-10 http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 22. SPARQL Endpoint Links to other datasets (Countries for International Treaties) DBPedia, Geonames Reuse vocabularies / Ontologies SKOS, DC, FOAF, DBPedia, ORG Triplestore: Openlink Virtuoso http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 23. SPARQL Endpoint Example of query Find all norms emitted by a municipality between 1995 and 2000 that were modified after 2005. PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> PREFIX n: <http://datos.bcn.cl/ontologies/bcn-norms#> SELECT ?normTitle ?creatorName ?pubDate ?pubDateOther WHERE { ?norm n:createdBy ?creator . ?creator n:hasName ?creatorName . ?norm dc:title ?normTitle . ?norm n:publishDate ?pubDate . ?norm n:isModifiedBy ?otherNorm . ?otherNorm n:publishDate ?pubDateOther . FILTER (regex(?creatorName,"MUNICIPALIDAD","i")) FILTER (?pubDate > "1995" && ?pubDate < "2000" && ?pubDateOther > "2005") } ORDER BY (?pubDate) http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 24. RDF Graph Implementation We developed a Linked Data Frontend (WESO-DESH) Content negotiation based on HTTP 303 See Other Definition of URIs based on regular expressions Easy configuration Support for CONSTRUCT, ASK & DESCRIBE Delegates output formats to SPARQL Endpoint Result caching GUI for administration backend (in progress) http://code.google.com/p/weso-desh/ http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 25. RDF Graph Implementation WESO-DESH (Linked Data Frontend) XML Configuration Output HTML+RDFa http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 26. Update Graph Service Automatic extraction & transformation process to update the RDF Graph Based on Pentaho - Kettle ETL Executes Transformations in threads Configuration in XML 26 *ETL = Extraction, Transformation Loading http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 27. Documentation Documentation Web Portal: TYPO3 CMS Sections: URI construction guidelines Example queries Output formats Ontology documentation etc. http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 28. Non-Functional Requirements Answer time Cache system, Profiling Security & privacity Different views and access levels of RDF Graph Others Internationalization Accessibility Use of standards http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 29. Optional: Data visualization Protype tool: LODViz (Linked Open Data Vizualization) Based on HTML5 (pattern library) Work in progress http://www.weso.es/lodviz/ 29 http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 31. Results Public Dataset Catalogs Faceted Browser - CTIC Foundation Five stars Linked Open Data 31 http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 32. Conclusions First stage finished > 300.000 norms exported ≈ 8mill. triples, ≈ 27 triples by norm 200/400 triples added each day 3 tools in development WESO DESH - Linked data frontend WESO RUD – RDF Updater LODVIZ – Linked Open Data Visualization Proposed methodology of Linked Open Data 32 http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 33. Future Work Library of Congress of Chile More datasets: Biographies, Geographical data History of Law Improve documentation WESO Research group Semantic search engine Entity extraction & reconciliation in text Resource Recommendation Provenance & graph views http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 34. The End http://www.weso.es More Information http://www.bcn.cl
  • 35. Main Team Francisco Cifuentes Member of WESO Research Group and Library of Congress of Chile http://www.weso.es/~fcifuentes José María Álvarez Member of WESO Research Group http://josemalvarez.es Christian Sifaqui Head of Systems and Network information services Library of Congress of Chile http://sifaqui.blogspot.com/ Jose Emilio Labra Associate Professor of University of Oviedo and Head of WESO Research Group http://www.di.uniovi.es/~labra/ 35 http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es
  • 36. Credits Most of the people were obtained from Internet. Imagen transparencia: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--wFwsKwMgAg/TjSDXOLCTzI/AAAAAAAAOzQ/qvBtbShckdI/s1600/11.2.bmp Euros: Minuto digital. http://www.minutodigital.com/wp-content/uploads/euros-300x196.jpg Biblioteca: http://ffernandez.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/biblioteca.jpg FRBR: http://cucataloging.blogspot.com/ Contextualization: http://tentblogger.com/right-advertisers/ Documentation: http://susops.blogspot.com/2010/07/power-of-documentation.html http://www.bcn.cl http://www.weso.es