Khadija Arshad Tahir,Pakistan

3. Prepared by,
 Khadija Arshad Tahir
 Institute of Home Economics
 University of Agriculture,Faisalabad
 Pakistan

4.  Bipolar Disorder is mood disorder.
 It is a mental illness, also known as manic
depression, is characterized by severe mood
swing, repeated episodes of depression and
at least one episode of mania.

5.  It is fifth leading cause of disability
Worldwide.
 It is ninth leading cause of death.
 People who suffer from Bipolar Disorder are
at a risk of suffering from other mental
health problems.
 Males may develop Bipolar Disorder earlier
in life as compared to females.
 Number of individuals who commit suicide
is 60 times higher than that of general
population.

6.  Bipolar |
 Bipolar ||
 Cyclothymic disorder
 Mixed Bipolar
 Rapid-cycling Bipolar Disorder

7.  Bipolar |: Individual has at least one manic
episode but does not require history of
major depression.
 Bipolar ||: Person has experienced at least
one episode of major depression and at
least one episode of hypomania.
 Cyclothymic disorder describes periods of
hypomania with brief periods of depression.

8.  Mixed bipolar involve full symptoms of both
mania and full depressive episodes.
 Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder is
characterized by four or more mood episodes
that occur within a 12-month period.

9.  Persistently depresses or irritable mood
 Decreased interest in previously pleasurable
activities
 Change or problems in appetite, weight, or
sleep
 Lack of activity
 Fatigue
 Feeling of worthlessness
 Trouble concentrating
 Thought of death, or suicidal thoughts, plans
or actions

10.  It includes symptoms of:
 Sadness, anxiety, anger, isolation,
hopelessness
 Disturbances in sleep and appetite
 Shyness or social anxiety
 Lack of motivation
 Suicidal ideation
 Delusion
 Hallucinations

11.  Distinct period of elevated mood.
 Increase in energy.
 Decrease need for sleep.
 Pressured speech.
 Racing thoughts.
 Impaired judgment.
 Aggressive behavior.
 Euphoric.

12.  It is mild to moderate level of mania,
characterized by:
*. Optimism
*. Pressure of speech and activity
*. Decreased need for sleep
 It does not inhibit functioning like mania.
 Creativity increased as person becomes more
active
 Energy increase & tend to Hallucination
 It is not problematic, but if left untreated it can
last from few weeks to several years

13.  People with mixed episode
experience depression and
mania at the same time.
 This leads to unpredictable
behavior, such as sadness while
doing a favorite activity or
feeling very energetic. It's more
common in people who develop
bipolar disorder at a young age,
particularly during adolescence.
But some estimates suggest up
to 70% of bipolar patients
experience mixed episodes.

14.  Doctors aren't exactly sure what causes
bipolar disorder.
 A leading theory is that brain chemicals
fluctuate abnormally. When levels of certain
chemicals become too high, the patient
develops mania. When levels drop too low,
depression may result.

15.  Some evidence from high-tech imaging
studies indicates that people with bipolar
disorder have physical changes in their
brains. The significance of these changes is
still uncertain but may eventually help
pinpoint causes. The naturally occurring brain
chemicals called neurotransmitters, which are
tied to mood, also may play a role. Hormonal
imbalances also are thought to be a culprit.

16.  Genes. Some studies show that bipolar
disorder is more common in people whose
biological family members also have the
condition. Researchers are trying to find
genes that may be involved in causing bipolar
disorder.

17.  Environment. Environment also is thought to
play a causal role in some way. Some studies
of identical twins show that one twin has the
condition while the other doesn't — which
means genes alone aren't responsible for
bipolar disorder. Environmental causes may
include problems with self-esteem,
significant loss or high stress.

18.  A crucial step in diagnosing bipolar disorder
is to rule out other possible causes of
extreme mood swings. These may include
brain infection or other neurological
disorders, substance abuse, thyroid problem,
HIV, ADHD, side effects of certain
medications, or other psychiatric disorders.
There is no lab test for bipolar disorder. A
psychiatrist usually makes the diagnosis
based on a careful history and evaluation of
the patient's mood and other symptoms.

19.  Medications are key in helping people with
bipolar disorder live stable, productive lives.
Mood stabilizers can smooth out the cycle of
ups and downs. Patients may also be
prescribed antipsychotic drugs and
anticonvulsant drugs. Between acute states of
mania or depression, patients typically stay
on maintenance medication to avoid a
relapse.

20.  Talk therapy can help patients stay on
medication and cope with their disorder's
impact on work and family life. Cognitive
behavioral therapy focuses on changing
thoughts and behaviors that accompany
mood swings. Interpersonal therapyaims to
ease the strain bipolar disorder may place on
personal relationships. Social rhythm
therapyhelps patients develop and maintain
daily routines.

21.  Establishing firm routines can help manage
bipolar disorder. Routines should include
sufficient sleep, regular meals, and exercise.
Because alcohol and recreational drugs can
worsen the symptoms, these should be
avoided. Patients should also learn to identify
their personal early warning signs of mania
and depression. This will allow them to get
help before an episode spins out of control.

22.  Electroconvulsive therapy can help some
people with bipolar disorder. ECT uses an
electric current to cause a seizure in the
brain. It is one of the fastest ways to ease
severe symptoms. ECT is usually a last resort
when a patient does not improve with
medication or psychotherapy.

23.  Friends and family may not understand
bipolar disorder at first. They may become
frustrated with the depressive episodes and
frightened by the manic states. If patients
make the effort to explain the illness and how
it affects them, loved ones may become more
compassionate. Having a solid support
system can help people with bipolar disorder
feel less isolated and more motivated to
manage their condition.

24. ANY QUESTION