6. Major Hub of Air Ports & Routes of the World http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-airroutes-map.htm
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8. Major Seaports of the World http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mapsofworld.com/images/world-sea-ports.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-sea-ports-map.htm&usg=__SFtZMSY1iFyVw5_wkwhA5-NBoEE=&h=471&w=800&sz=327&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Ac2H0WyAYNqLRM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmap%2Bof%2Bsea%2Bports%2Band%2Broute%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-US:IE-SearchBox%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1
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10. Cost Comparison of H&S & P2P Point to point H&S No of routes 32 16 cost 10000 10000 Total Cost 320000 160000 Save 160000
11. Pros and Cons of H&S Pros Cons Spokes are simple, and new ones can be created easily. Inflexible, changes at the hub, or even in a single route affects the whole network. Scheduling is convenient since there are few routes, with frequent service. The hub constitutes a bottleneck in the network. Complicated operations can be carried out at the hub, rather than at every node. Delays at a spoke can also affect the whole network. Small number of routes generally leads to more efficient use of transportation resources. Cargo must pass through the hub before reaching its destination, results in longer journey.
In the airline industry, H&S networks allow airlines to offer a greater variety for service between city-to-city pairs, permit economies of scale in terms of passenger consolidation along frequently traveledspokes, and to a certain extent allow an airline to dominate market share in a particular region.
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